Indonesian Government Research Articles

Advancing Sustainable Tourism: A Study on Eco-Tourism Policies in Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam

The global tourism industry has suffered significant losses due to the impact of global pandemic Covid-19. This paper examines the policies and efforts adopted by the local authorities of Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam to support their sustainable tourism industries and it seeks to draw lessons from both countries. The research will primarily focus on ecotourism issues and challenges in specific areas such as national parks, natural landscapes, and historical sites in both countries. Specific destinations within these eco-tourism categories for Indonesia’s; Bogor Botanical Garden, Onrust Archeological Park in Thousand Island Jakarta, and North Sulawesi Mountain Landscape. For Brunei Darussalam’s; Kampong Ayer, Sumbiling Eco-Village, and Ulu Temburong National Park. This study reveals challenges in tourism industry stakeholders’ participation level, inadequate and improper tourism infrastructure, a lack of skilled workforce employment. and insufficient public education on eco-tourism in both nations. Recommendations emphasize the importance of capacity building for stakeholder collaboration, infrastructure acquisition, and technology-driven knowledge transfer. The limitations of this study lie in the scarcity of research on empirical study and the unavailability of high-level official interviews. Therefore, for future research, it is important to assess the effectiveness of Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam government’s direct response such as funding mechanism policy, infrastructures development policy, and the utilization of digital platform policy. Besides, it is also important to assess the Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam government’s response to and anticipation of ecotourism issues for both countries.

Teachers’ strategies and challenges in conducting HOTS-based activities in Merdeka Curriculum era

This study investigated the approach used by English teachers to promote Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) during the learning process. The Indonesian government, specifically the Ministry of Education and Culture, has taken the lead in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum, a curriculum designed to prepare students for the 5.0 era of society. The objective of this curriculum is to develop students who have the Profil Pelajar Pancasila, equipping them with the ability to use their knowledge and abilities effectively in practical circumstances. To achieve this, teachers must employ specific methodologies that enhance students' critical thinking abilities. focused on thirteen English senior high school teachers in Pekalongan Regency, with two selected for interviews and observations. Data were collected through a questionnaire, interviews, and direct observation. The data analysis involved quantifying the questionnaire responses, evaluating the open-ended questionnaire responses, and reviewing the transcripts from the interviews and classroom observation notes. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data from interviews and classroom observation, while coding was employed to extract the transcripts and observation notes. The study revealed that the strategies used by Merdeka Curriculum teachers were project-based learning and open-ended questioning. However, some teachers faced challenges in implementing these strategies in English classes, such as students' skill levels, teachers' expertise, and negative perceptions.

PENGARUH LETAK, LUAS DAN BENTUK TERHADAP PEMERINTAHAN NEGARA SERTA BATAS NEGARA INDONESIA

This research aims to analyze the influence of location, area and form on state government based on the geographical context of Indonesian politics. The analysis was carried out by reviewing papers containing descriptions of the influence of the location, extent and shape of Indonesia in terms of political geography. The discussion begins with the influence of Indonesia's astronomical and geographical location, the size of its territory, islands and seas, as well as the shape of its landmass on state government. The research results show that geographical location, area and shape have positive and negative influences on Indonesian government in various political, economic, social and cultural aspects.

Humanitarian Aid from the Islamic Mass Organizations in Indonesia to Palestine

The editorial in this issue highlights how humanitarian aid to Palestine has become a symbol of solidarity among Indonesians. It examines two major Islamic mass organizations in Indonesia, Nahdhatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, and how they mobilize their resources and members to support Palestinian relief. The two organizations show a strong commitment to supporting the Palestinian cause before the current war on Gaza, which started in October 2023. This commitment to helping the Palestinian struggle is also in line with the position of the Indonesian government and academics.

KAJIAN YURIDIS ATAS PENGADAAN TANAH IBU KOTA NUSANTARA TERKAIT OBJEK TANAH ULAYAT MASYARAKAT ADAT DI PENAJAM PASER UTARA

The Government of Indonesia is currently undertaking the Nusantara Capital City project, which requires land acquisition for the construction of the new capital. This legal research aims to explore the proper procedures for land acquisition in the context of the Nusantara Capital City project, the legal protection for the indigenous communities of Penajam Paser Utara whose land is being used for the project, and the challenges encountered during the land acquisition process. The research employs a normative legal research method. The findings indicate that the land acquisition carried out by the government, specifically by the Nusantara Capital City Authority, complies with the requirements set by the applicable laws and regulations. However, despite this compliance, the legal protection for affected communities remains insufficient, and several challenges have been identified in the implementation of the land acquisition process. The conclusion is that while the procedures align with legal requirements, there is still a need for improved legal protection and resolution of the challenges faced during the land acquisition for the Nusantara Capital City project

Radical Islam's View on Indonesia's Government Ideology

Radical Islam's View on Indonesia's Government Ideology

The Relation of Infectious Diseases, Water Access, Hygiene Practice, and Sanitation with the Stunting: A Case-Control Study in Sambas Regency

Background: The main nutritional problem concerned by the Indonesian government is the stunting. This condition is affected by various aspects, mainly caused by infectious diseases, clean and unharmonious living behavior, the availability of drinking water, and environmental sanitation. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the relation of infectious diseases, water access, hygiene practices, and sanitation towards the stunting incidence factors in Sambas Regency. Methods: This research used Ex Post Facto with a case-control design. The study population was residents of Sambas Regency with a total of 535,725 people, a total sample of 241 children aged 0-59 months comprising of 89 respondents as cases and the rest 159 respondents as controls, using inclusion and exclusion criteria both from the control group and from the case group. Data analysis used the chi-square test. Results: The results showed a relation of infectious diseases (p-value=0.000), drinking water sources (p-value=0.000), clean and healthy living behavior (p-value=0.000), and environmental conditions (p-value=0.000) with the stunting incidences. Conclusions: The study concludes that there is a significant relation of infectious disease variables, the drinking water sources, hygiene practices, and environmental conditions with the stunting. It requires control and completion of the stunting cases through environmental sanitation improvement, namely the provision of access to clean water, healthy and clean living behaviors, and good cooperation between the government and the community, in educating people through counseling and socialization of the stunting prevention and management.

The Impact of Implementing School Zoning Policy on Inequality of Access to Education at the Junior High School Level

The Indonesian government has implemented a school zoning policy to address the gap in access for students from poor economic backgrounds. However, in reality, the implementation of the policy has not made it easier for students from poor economic backgrounds. There is a need for this study because there is a gap between theory, expectations, and reality in the field. The purpose of the study was to analyze the impact of the school zoning policy on access for students from poor economic backgrounds to junior high schools. The research method used was a mixed method. The subjects of the study were junior high school students with a population of nine regions totaling 5,000 students from poor economic backgrounds and a sample of 850. Data collection techniques used surveys, observations, interviews, and documentation. Survey analysis techniques with descriptive statistics using SPSS Version 25.0 by assessing the mean, percentage, and standard deviation. Qualitative data analysis reduced the data and allowed the researchers to draw conclusions by comparing it with the results of quantitative data. The results of the study were that the school zoning policy in Indonesia is effective in reducing the gap in access for students from poor economic backgrounds in public junior high schools so that the distribution of students between schools becomes more even. However, there was a negative impact on some students from poor economic backgrounds if zoning access was limited. In conclusion, the school zoning policy can distribute students evenly between schools but most poor students cannot access public schools. Recommendations are made for research to be conducted by involving the government in a broader study.

Peran Infrastruktur, Modal Manusia, dan Keterbukaan Perdagangan Ekonomi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi

Economic growth is the basis of a country's progress. Economists identify various challenges and issues surrounding economic growth. Some common issues include international trade, infrastructure, education, and workforce skills. The aim of the research is to determine the role of development factors on economic growth. These development factors include infrastructure, human capital, and openness to economic trade which will influence economic growth. The method used in researching this article is through literature study. Literature study is to obtain information through notes, literature, documentation and other things that are still relevant to this research. The role of infrastructure, human capital, and economic growth have a significant role in economic growth. Infrastructure development has a role in encouraging economic growth, both at the national and regional levels, as well as in reducing unemployment levels, alleviating poverty, and of course, improving community welfare. In the context of human capital, the Indonesian government continues to invest through various programs to improve the quality of the role of human capital in economic growth. As well as policy planning to utilize the benefits of the role of trade openness while still protecting vulnerable sectors, in attracting foreign capital investment.

Penegakan Hukum terhadap Pelaku Pembukaan Lahan yang Menyebabkan Kebakaran Hutan

Abstract Forest fires caused by land clearing activities are a serious problem that threatens the ecosystem, public health, and the economy. Pollution and environmental damage in forest fire cases in Indonesia are serious problems. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the regulation and implementation of law enforcement against perpetrators of land clearing that cause forest fires. The research method used is normative juridical. The legal materials used are laws and regulations related to the environment and court decisions 205 / Pid.B / LH / 2023 / PN Kgn. The results of the study are that law enforcement can be used as a rule to overcome environmental problems by referring to the Law on Environmental Management and Protection, the Law on Plantations, the Law on Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction. The law enforcement carried out is to impose a criminal sentence on the perpetrators to imprisonment for 10 (ten) months and a fine of IDR 30,000,000.00 (thirty million rupiah). Conclusion: The Indonesian Government continues to strengthen regulations and law enforcement to address this issue, although major challenges remain regarding law enforcement in the field and compliance of perpetrators with existing regulations. Suggestions include strengthening regulations and strict law enforcement, educating the public about the dangers of forest fires, and developing firefighting infrastructure. Collaboration between stakeholders is also important in this effort. It requires commitment to handling and preventing forest fires and also requires participation from all parties to continue to protect and preserve Indonesia's forests, in order to become useful provisions for future generations

Wewenang Dewan Perwakilan Daerah dalam Memperkuat Otonomi Daerah Menurut Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.

In the Indonesian government system, the DPD is a representation of the people, a state institution that is constitutionally given the authority and task of representing regional interests at the national level. The DPD not only proposes policies related to regional autonomy, but also ensures continued development and political stability in Indonesia. However, in practice, the DPD's role is limited by structural constraints and dependence on its partners, especially the DPR and the central government. The DPD relies heavily on the DPR to make decisions, which reduces its effectiveness. This limitation shows that the position of the DPD is not equal to that of the DPR. As a constitutional institution, it is important for the DPD to be given a more substantial role in policy making to ensure better representation for the regions. The main issue discussed is how the authority of the Regional Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia (DPD-RI) is in strengthening regional autonomy and how DPD-RI as regional representatives can have equal rights and authority to the DPR-RI in fighting for regional interests. This research method uses a type of normative legal research that uses secondary data through literature searches. The conclusion drawn is that DPD-RI has limitations in supporting regional autonomy. Article 22D of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia as a result of the amendment actually weakens its position. The increase in authority is expected to strengthen its role as a balancer in the Indonesian political system.

Exploring Interactive Read Aloud Literacy Learning and Quality Books in the Merdeka Curriculum

The Indonesian government issued a policy on teacher literacy teaching competency standards, which includes teachers' ability to help students access, use, interpret and communicate information and ideas through various texts according to students' characteristics and needs (Ministry of Education, 2022a). This study aims to promote reading aloud and interactive book selection in literacy learning for public primary school teachers in Depok, West Java, Indonesia. This qualitative case study explored teachers' understandings and practices in selecting books and integrating reading aloud activities with learning outcomes in Merdeka Curriculum. Six teachers participated in the study, which involved data collection through surveys, focus group discussions (FGDs), interviews, observations and oral reflections. Using manual thematic data analysis, this study focused on teachers' practices of selecting leveled books and integrating discussions in reading aloud with Learning Outcomes. The results showed that teachers began to express their understanding of book selection. Major themes that emerged included the importance of selecting quality books and the challenges of selecting quality books. In the context of literacy learning, several themes also emerged that became teachers' reflections in conducting interactive read aloud activities in accordance with the learning outcomes, namely; benefits, awareness for better classroom preparation, interactive discussion spaces and continuous training.

Assessing Landslide susceptibility and formulating adaptation strategies in the Konto Watershed, East Java, Indonesia

A landslide is defined as the displacement of masses of soil or rock constituting a slope, or a combination thereof, resulting from the destabilization of the slope composition. This study aims to develop an integrated approach to managing landslide hazards in the Konto Watershed by assessing susceptibility through spatial mapping and providing a detailed risk assessment to inform disaster mitigation, landslide management, and land use planning. The susceptibility formula incorporates eight observational parameters: max 3-day rain, slope, rock geology, fault presence, regolith depth, land use, road infrastructure presence, and population density. Each parameter is assigned a weight value, representing its respective weighting factor. Primary data on landslide potential is gathered through direct field observations in critical areas with slopes exceeding 40 %, while secondary data is sourced from Indonesian government agencies. The secondary data is then identified, mapped, and analyzed using spatial scoring analysis. The research findings indicate that landslide hazards in areas with high slope gradients and specific soil types, land use combined with elevated rainfall, are categorized as very low (1.16 %), low (6.64 %), medium (89.24 %), and high (3.06 %) of susceptibility from 235.22 km2 of watershed area. The regional function area converts 75.8 % of existing land use into 61.2 % protected zones, 32.2 % buffer zones, and 6.6 % cultivation zones, without altering 24.2 % of existing settlement and rice field areas. Landslide control efforts encompass four treatments: protected and buffer area preservation, mechanical treatment, and cultivation area management based on susceptibility levels. Long-term vegetative treatments are designed according to regional function and susceptibility levels.

Evaluation of the Stunting Reduction Acceleration Program in Kijang Kota Urban Village, East Bintan District 2019-2023

Reducing the number of stunting cases is currently one of the most important goals of the Indonesian government. This study aims to evaluate the accelerated stunting reduction program in reducing the prevalence of stunting in Kijang Kota Village, East Bintan District. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods, with data collection techniques of interviews, documentation, and observation with 11 (eleven) informants. The results of this study indicate that the input indicators have supported both human resources and technology, facilities and infrastructure are sufficient. Process indicators are not yet optimal in effectiveness and efficiency, it is not effective, there are still high numbers of stunting cases. Furthermore, the output indicator, KRS income has no effect in increasing income. As well as the outcomes indicator of the positive impact produced, providing growth and development of a healthy child's diet.

National And Public Interest Perspective on the Governance and Regulation of Carbon Capture and Storage Implementation in Indonesia

Recently Indonesian Government issued two important regulations regarding Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) namely, President Regulation No. 14/2024 and Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulations No. 2/2003. Both regulations have caused Indonesia's CCS Legal and Regulatory score by the Global CCS Institute to increase significantly. There are three criteria applied by the Global CCS Institute to define the score: regulation of trans boundaries movement of CCS, specific legal and regulatory framework, and facilitation of early project. Despite the increase in CCS score, some essential questions remain as crucial problems that are not solvable easily. Those questions regarding the national and common interest of Indonesian people by the issuance of both legal and regulations are still unclear, at least from the common people's perspective. The Presidential Regulation define dual schemes for CCS implementation: Contract Scheme and Permit Scheme. From the common people's perspective, both schemes need to be exercised further to respond to the public questions properly. Therefore, any reason behind the implementation of those two schemes as well as any potential benefit for Indonesia by implementing those two schemes in parallel are very important to be reviewed and analyzed. Reinforcement of Oil and Gas Production Sharing Contract Principles in the implementation of CCS in Indonesia are more favourable for the National and Public Interest Perspective.

Digital tax reform in Indonesia: Perspective on tax policy development

In Indonesia tax reform has undergone multiple revisions in recent years, all within a brief timeframe. Digital tax reform in Indonesia began with significant milestones in recent years to adapt to the digital economy’s challenges. The specific start date for digital tax reform in Indonesia can be traced back to the passing of the Tax Regulations Harmonization Law on 7th October 2021, which officially became Law No 7/2021 on 29th October 2021. This law marked a crucial step in Indonesia’s journey towards modernizing its tax system to address the implications of the digital economy. The provisions of this law have varying effective dates, such as for income tax purposes from the 2022 fiscal year and for VAT purposes from 1st April 2022. These changes under the Tax Regulations Harmonization Law are extensive and wide-reaching, signifying a pivotal moment in Indonesia’s digital tax reform efforts. This shows that the Indonesian government intends to radically overhaul the tax system, yet there are inconsistent approaches to deciding on the long-term course of tax policy. It is critical to investigate the concept of tax legislation in Indonesia in order to provide legal clarity on digital tax reform. Normative juridical research methodology is employed, together with a qualitative research strategy and descriptive-analytical research specifications. The findings suggest that the Indonesian government’s efforts to establish strict policies governing taxes on digital activity are inadequate and uneven. In order to apply to digital platform enterprises, the definition of permanent establishment as outlined in a number of national regulations must incorporate a substantial economic presence criterion. Legislative progress toward the establishment of a framework for digital tax collection is necessary to mitigate the possible income loss of states in this area, which could result from the rapid advancement of information technology. The OECD consensus is still in the process of drafting an international tax reform that will require adjustments from national tax reform. Therefore, it is imperative that the Indonesian government establish a thorough framework for tax regulation that can ensure robustness, economic efficiency, fairness, against motivation compatibility, administrative ease, and avoidance.

The Effectiveness of Audio Visual Media in Reporting Technique Material in Improving Accounting Economics Learning Outcomes for Class Students at SMAN 2 Majene

This study examines the impact of leadership style, organizational culture, policy implementation, and community participation on the efficiency of public services and the happiness of employees in local government in Indonesia. The study involves a quantitative analysis with a sample size of 250 participants. It utilizes a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 and leverages Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS 3) for data analysis. The findings demonstrate that all connections are both positive and statistically significant, emphasizing the crucial functions these parameters fulfill in public administration. Leadership style, corporate culture, policy execution, and community participation have a major positive impact on both public service efficiency and employee happiness. The findings provide significant theoretical contributions to the comprehension of public sector management and present practical implications for policymakers and practitioners seeking to enhance public service performance and employee morale.

Implementation Of Legal Protection For Women Victims Of Domestic Violence From A Human Rights Perspective

The Indonesian government signed a declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (1993) in 2014. However, at a technical level, violence against women still often occurs due to Domestic Violence (KDRT) in Indonesia. The purpose of this writing is to understand the implementation of laws and the protection of women's human rights against domestic violence from the perspective of international law. The research results show that the entry of the public law system into the domestic realm, namely domestic life, is one of the new developments in the field of human rights, especially in Indonesia. Domestic Violence (KDRT) has become a common agenda in the last few decades. The facts show that domestic violence has quite a negative effect on women as victims. The research that has been carried out is normative legal research which is focused on norms and also legal objects as the main data, and a book consisting of rules, and the truth of the research that has been carried out. All forms of violence have violated human rights as regulated in Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning the elimination of domestic.

Building a Law-Abiding Culture in Indonesia: Challenges and Implementation Strategies in the Reform Era

This article explores the challenges and implementation strategies involved in building a law-abiding culture in Indonesia, particularly in the context of the Reform Era. The study utilizes qualitative methods, including an extensive literature review and library research, to examine the complexities of establishing a strong legal culture in a country that has undergone significant political and social transformations. The research identifies key challenges such as the historical legacy of legal pluralism, corruption within legal institutions, and varying levels of legal awareness among the population. Additionally, the article discusses the strategies employed by the Indonesian government to promote legal compliance, including legal education, reforms in law enforcement, and public awareness campaigns. The findings highlight the importance of a multifaceted approach that includes both top-down reforms and bottom-up initiatives to foster a culture of lawfulness. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for continued efforts to address systemic issues within the legal framework and to ensure the effective implementation of laws that reflect the principles of justice and equality. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, legal scholars, and practitioners who are engaged in the ongoing process of legal reform in Indonesia.

Regulatory challenges in modernizing toll road transaction systems in Indonesia

The Government of Indonesia has modernized the toll road transaction system by implementing the multi-lane free-flow (MLFF) project, set to operate commercially by the end of 2024. This project leverages Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology to identify vehicles using toll roads and establish a transaction mechanism that allows the MLFF Project Company to charge road users according to distance, vehicle category, and tariff levels. The project has result in a complex business arrangement between the Indonesia National Toll Road Authority (INTRA), Toll Road Companies (TRCs), and the MLFF Project Company. The aim of this paper is to review the regulatory and institutional framework of the MLFF project and analyze its challenges. The methodology employed is a qualitative framework for legal research, utilizing international literature reviews and current regulatory frameworks. The study assesses the proposed transaction architecture of the project and identifies commercial, political, and other risks associated with its implementation. Based on the analysis, the research identifies opportunities for regulatory improvements and better contracting arrangements. This research provides valuable insights into the regulatory landscape and offers policy recommendations for the Government to mitigate the identified risks. This contribution is significant to the academic field as it enhances understanding regulatory and institutional challenges in implementing advanced toll road systems.