Government In Greece Research Articles

International Law and Minority Protection: The Fate of the Greeks of Imbros and Tenedos

In this essay a largely forgotten human rights issue involving the fate of the Greek-in-origin population that inhabited the Turkish islands of Imbros and Tenedos is examined. Exempted from the Greek-Turkish population-exchange agreements concluded following the end of World War I, the Greek population of the two islands was granted specific civic, cultural, and religious rights by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne. The treaty remains valid to this day. Turkey deliberately violated the rights of this population because of its ethnicity, religion, and language. The author analyzes the methods used by Turkey to ethnically cleanse the two islands and the options available to the former residents of these islands as well as to the governments of Greece and Turkey to resolve the documented violations of the Treaty of Lausanne and of the European Convention on Human Rights.

Port governance models: Financial evaluation of Greek port restructuring

In the late 1990s, Greece proceeded to a major port governance reform, aiming to overcome observed deficiencies of its national port system. Twelve major ports of national interest were transformed from ‘public law undertakings’ to government-owned port corporations. Responsibility of port governance was devolved to autonomous commercially driven port authorities. At a latter stage, two ports (Piraeus and Thessaloniki) were listed on the Athens Stock Exchange. Grounded on the discussions regarding port performance indicators, this paper examines the financial performance of this new port governance model. It does so through an empirical evaluation of the 12 port entities’ financial performance over a time span that corresponds to the sector's reorganisation. The analysis suggests that certain rigidities are still present and further steps of modernisation and restructuring are essential. Despite profitable financial results in the case of most Greek ports of national interest, the examination of the financial accounts raises considerable doubts as to the efficiency of the ports’ organisational structures, currently in a transitional phase. These results are in line with suggestions that port governance in Greece does not respond, yet, to any of the potential matching framework configurations of structures and strategies that advance port competitiveness and have been identified in the port literature.

The Policies of Greece and Cyprus towards Turkey’s EU Accession

This essay analyzes the views of the governments of Greece and Cyprus towards the question of Turkish membership in the European Union. Specifically, it shows that fundamental differences have emerged in the way in which the two perceive the benefits of Turkish engagement with the EU. For Greece, Turkish accession is seen as a transformative process. For the Greek Cypriots, the process of Turkish accession is viewed as a form of leverage. Moreover, and contrary to the prevailing view in certain quarters, there is no evidence of Greek collusion in Greek Cypriot thinking. Indeed, the ability of the Greek government to influence the Greek Cypriot leadership is rather limited.

Entrepreneurial behaviour in the Greek public sector

PurposeWhile the term “entrepreneurship” was almost exclusively associated with private sector, it is now found with increasing frequency in the literature on the public sector and public administration. However, research on public entrepreneurs remains restricted to top and middle managers and elected politicians and focuses on policy promotion and initiatives concerning public sector transformation. The perpose of the present article is to extend earlier research to the empirical assessment of entrepreneurial behaviour among front line staff in the Greek public sector.Design/methodology/approachA scale of entrepreneurial behaviour was assessed. A short, self‐report questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 237 public servants working at prefecture level, which is the second level of government in Greece. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the entrepreneurial behaviour scale contributed to the formation of a hierarchical factor structure with a super‐ordinate entrepreneurial behaviour factor and three lower‐level factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe reported research relied on self‐reports and on a sample from the Greek public sector. Moreover, data are cross‐sectional and alternatives relationships may exist. Future research should be multinational and longitudinal to test the assumptions of the present study and should encompass variables of actual entrepreneurial behaviour.Practical implicationsThe research findings demonstrate that the concept of “public entrepreneurship” is relevant for the average civil servant and reveals facets of entrepreneurial behaviour of front line staff. Moreover, the study finds evidence that there is a positive correlation between the supportive context, as expressed by encouragement of initiatives and access to managerial information, and entrepreneurial behaviour among public servants. As a result, policy makers should take the appropriate measures to build a supportive context for public entrepreneurship.Originality/valueThe research findings are original and unique and are based on established models and theories from the literature on private sector entrepreneurship. The results are based on a sample of public servants working in different prefectures in Greece. In addition, respondents come from different organisational units across each prefecture. The research findings are useful to academics and to policy makers interested in fostering public entrepreneurship.

An Empirical Evaluation of Greek Ports Financial Performance

The paper examines the financial statements and accounts of the twelve major Greek ports and proceeds to an empirical evaluation of the port entities' financial performance over a time span that corresponds to the sector's reorganization. Since the late 1990s the port sector in Greece has changed its management model through the conversion of twelve ports of national interest from public law undertakings to government-owned port corporations. At a latter stage, the ports of Piraeus and Thessaloniki were listed at the Athens Stock Exchange and since then the State's stake has been on the order of 75%. These reforms attempt to facilitate the adjustment of the sector to contemporary trends and to overcome deficiencies of the earlier port structures. The analysis suggests that certain rigidities are still present and further steps of modernisation and restructuring are essential, if the Greek ports are meant to play a more active role in the international arena. Despite profitable financial results for most Greek ports, the examination of their financial accounts raises considerable doubts as to the efficiency of their organisational structures, currently at a transitory phase. These results are in line with the conclusions of other studies suggesting that port governance in Greece does not respond yet to a potential matching framework configuration of their structures and strategies that might advance port competitiveness.

Government Expenditure and Economic Growth: Evidence from Trivariate Causality Testing

This paper seeks to examine if the relative size of government (measured as the share of total expenditure in GNP can be determined to Granger cause the rate of economic growth, or if the rate of economic growth can be determined to Granger cause the relative size of government. For this purpose, we first use a bivariate error correction model within a Granger causality framework, as well as adding unemployment and inflation (separately) as explanatory variables, creating a simple ‘trivariate’ analysis for each of these two variables. The combined analysis of bivariate and trivariate tests offers a rich menu of possible causal patterns. Using data on Greece, UK and Ireland, the analysis shows: i) government size Granger causes economic growth in all countries of the sample in the short run and in the long run for Ireland and the UK; ii) economic growth Granger causes increases in the relative size of government in Greece, and, when inflation is included, in the UK.

Les situations d'urgence qui permettent en droit international de suspendre les droits de l'homme

Les situations d'urgence qui permettent en droit international de suspendre les droits de l'homme

Corporate governance in Greece: developments and policy implications

PurposeThis paper provides a comprehensive overview of corporate governance (CG) developments in Greece and has two objectives: to enrich the debate in this area and to contribute to the increasing literature by presenting the main aspects of the Greek CG framework; and to place the current CG developments and trends in Greece within the international debate, especially in the light of the recent debate to improve and convergence CG in the EU.Design/methodology/approachFirst, reviews the evolution of the CG debate in Greece and its implication at the EU level. Second, provides a short view of the institutional‐economic environment in Greece, as it influences corporate governance practices. Then analyzes the CG mechanisms in the light of the recent key reforms. Finally, summarizes the findings and proceeds with some critical points and recommendations.FindingsThe general finding is that the development of regulatory reforms was mostly an endogenous process influenced mainly by the speculative events in the Greek capital market during 1999.Practical implicationsThe evolution of the Greek CG may have significant implication, such as that the Greek market is a newly mature euro‐area market and CG is supposed to be a key factor for the competitive transformation of the capital market and the business world. In addition, the evolutionary path of CG in Greece may have significant implication for the new EU member states.Originality/valueThe paper shows how the CG practices evolve in a small open economy influenced by speculative events and is valuable to policymakers, regulators and academics.

The Europeanization of urban governance in Greece: a dynamic and contradictory process

The introduction of EU funding programmes in Greek cities has led to new forms of governance, mainly including the emergence of new institutions for partnerships and citizens' participation. Based on theories of Europeanization and on theories of re‐scaling, this paper examines the magnitude and the direction of change in Greek urban policy. It suggests that the new institutions emerging from the Europeanization process face a number of constraints and contradictions emanating from the Greek political system. Empirical evidence shows that three endogenous factors of the Greek political system had impacted negatively upon these partnerships, favouring short‐term institutionalization, unequal power relations inside the partnerships and lack of trust and commitment. These factors amount to the financial and political dependence of local authorities to the state, the weak civil society and, finally, the individualistic political culture. However, processes of policy learning and capacity building have also arisen, presenting new challenges for the transformation of urban policy.

Corporate Governance in Greece: Developments and Policy Implications

The upgrading of the Greek capital market and the effort to join other mature capital markets has posed corporate governance reform as a first priority. In addition, the 2004 Olympic Games put the Greek market in the international spotlight and will likely invite interest from foreign investors. More than ever, an efficient corporate governance framework is condition sine qua non for the competitive transformation of the capital market and the business world. At the same time the European Union (EU) faces both the pressure and challenge for harmonization of the laws and regulations and convergence of corporate governance systems, especially after the entrance of the new member states. The paper has two objectives: (i) to present the main aspects of corporate governance in Greece, contributing to the relevant growing body of literature, and (ii) to place the current corporate governance developments and trends in Greece within the international debate, especially in the light of the recent debate to improve and convergence corporate governance in EU. Firstly, I review the corporate governance debate and its implication at the EU level. Secondly, I describe the corporate governance framework in Greece in the light of the recent key reforms. Finally, I summarize the overall findings and proceed with some critical points and recommendations for the potential future direction of the corporate governance agenda in Greece.

Modernisation of Educational Governance in Greece: From State Control to State Steering

This article attempts to understand the emergent forms of education governance that are developing in the context of the Greek educational system. The methodology used is discourse analysis, which draws upon interviews with political actors at the central and local level, while it also takes into consideration other written texts and parliamentary proceedings relevant to the recent educational reform. The article argues that education policy constructs modernisation as an inevitable process related to globalisation and European integration. The introduction of competitiveness and entrepreneurialism is perceived as the main means to accomplish the task of modernisation, while social exclusion remains unvoiced in contemporary education policy.

Principles of Corporate Governance in Greece

This article presents the reasons which led the business community in Greece to reconsider existing corporate governance practices of listed corporations in the Athens Stock Exchange, outlines the general rationale for the creation and adoption of specific recommendations for best corporate practice, presents the recommendations in full detail and finally provides suggestions for the required corporate legal reform.

Political parties and inflation in Greece: the metamorphosis of the Socialist Party on the way to EMU

This paper examines the inflationary consequences of elected political parties in Greece before and after its commitment to the Single European Act (SEA). It is shown that prior to the SEA there is evidence of an inflation bias following elected Socialist governments in Greece, whereas after the SEA this bias is shown to move the opposite direction. Political wins to conservative governments are shown to have insignificant effects on inflation. With no change in the inflationary effects following conservative wins, the change of Socialists from inflationary to anti–inflationary is shown to have overturned the political partisan cycle in Greece since the SEA.

A possible strategy for municipal solid waste management in Greece

Solid waste management in Greece has reached a turning point. Unsatisfactory waste management practice, aggravated by public opposition, increasing waste volumes and high rates for the consumer, have come to a point at which changes have to be made. On the other hand, European Union policies are putting pressure for new waste methods to be followed, as far as legal and financial matters are concerned. The implementation and enforcement of waste management changes causes great difficulties. It is the aim of this paper to state clear targets that local governments in Greece could use to respond to the inev itable changes coming in the near future.

Democracy and Human Rights. Proceedings of the Colloquy Organised by the Government of Greece and the Council of Europe in Cooperation with the Centre of International and European Economic Law of Thessaloniki, 24–26, September 1987. Compiled by Council of Europe. Kehl: N.P. Engel, 1990. Pp. x, 271. DM168.00.

Democracy and Human Rights. Proceedings of the Colloquy Organised by the Government of Greece and the Council of Europe in Cooperation with the Centre of International and European Economic Law of Thessaloniki, 24–26, September 1987. Compiled by Council of Europe. Kehl: N.P. Engel, 1990. Pp. x, 271. DM168.00.

Soviet Goals in Yugoslavia and the Balkans

Soviet interest in Yugoslavia and the Balkans has revived in the last decade owing to the autonomous policies pursued by Yugoslavia and Rumania, the succession struggle in Albania, and the emergence of a socialist government in Greece. Increased Soviet pressures have been rewarded, despite the Balkan countries' long experience in using diplomatic tactics to ensure survival, partly because of regional economic difficulties and a lack of support from the West.

Coups and Countercoups in Greece, 1967-1973 (with postscript)

The military coup d'etat of April 21, 1967, set up an authoritarian no-party system of government in Greece which resisted internal and external pressures for a change toward a multiparty system but resulted in 1973 in the abolition of the monarchy and the formal establishment of a republic. After first giving a summary of the main political events in Greek affairs during the years from 1967 to 1973, this article goes on to indicate the principal gainers and losers from this series of events both within and outside Greece. In describing the serious problem created for Western governments and international organizations subscribing to the values of representative government by the emergence of an authoritarian regime in Athens, the article recounts Western European steps designed to bring about a change in Greece as well as the complications created in the relations between Greece and the United States. An effort then is made to explain the unprecedented durability of this era of authoritarian rule in Greece by reference to economic, social, and demographic factors. Furthermore, the article underlines the difficulties of restoring civilian control over the military in order to move toward a multiparty system, especially when efforts are exerted to combine a quasidictatorial chief execuitive with representative institutions. Finally, the article deals with the impact of the Greek situation on the polycentric communist sector of world politics.

Military government in Greece

Military government in Greece

The Curriculum of Imco

As if such creatures were cheaper by the dozen, the family of UN specialized agencies celebrated the nativity of its twelfth and most recent member on March 17, 1958, when the Convention of the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) entered into force after ten long years of anxious gestation. The organization has from the first been a child of suspicion, its fortunes subject to the various styles of amour propre indulged in by its parents. The government of Greece, for example, having disavowed paternity by withdrawing its original instrument of ratification when IMCO was yet unborn, underwent still another change of heart and reinstated its ratification in time to attend the baptismal ceremonies of the opening session at the organization's headquarters in London. To make public its doubts, however, that instrument bore an undisguised caveat that, in the event “the Organization extends its activities to matters of commercial and economic nature, the Greek Government may find itself bound to reconsider its acceptance” and have recourse to the withdrawal procedures in Article 59 of the Convention.

Money of Reference and Conversion of Foreign Money:-The Arbitral Award in The Government of Greece v. The Government of the United Kingdom rendered on June 10, 1955

Journal Article Money of Reference and Conversion of Foreign Money Get access Joseph Dach Joseph Dach *Professorial Lecturer in Monetary Law, George Washington University Law School; Member of the New York and D. C. Bars; General Manager of The Italian Economic Corporation Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Journal of Comparative Law, Volume 5, Issue 3, Summer 1956, Pages 512–520, https://doi.org/10.2307/837099 Published: 01 July 1956