In reviewing some of the recent literature on anti-Semitism, it is necessary to make a brief reference to its background. The weapons of attack and defense in the present tragic struggle have been forged in the last halfcentury in the name of science. Philological and ethnological research has erected an imposing edifice of evidence in Germany in the interests of the anti-Semite. Historical research and literary criticism by Christian and Jewish scholars have established a base of operations from which a modern campaign in defense of the Jew is being waged. The collaborative efforts of this latter group in the field of early Jewish-Christian relations are now bearing fruit. Herford and Loewe in their studies of the Pharisees, Montefiore in his Rabbinical Literature and Gospel Teaching, Moore's Judaism, Billerbeck and Strack's Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrash, Juster, T. Reinach and Lietzmann have transformed the traditional Christian view of the Jews of the gospels and laid the foundation for a revaluation of Judaism.
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