Goose Research Articles

What's Good for the Goose Is Good for the Gander? Ecological Ethnography Entangled in Intersectionality

What's Good for the Goose Is Good for the Gander? Ecological Ethnography Entangled in Intersectionality

Adaptation of wild strain of duck plague virus in cell culture systems

Duck virus enteritis (DVE) is an acute, contagious herpes viral disease of ducks, geese and swans and members of the family Anatidae under the order Anseriformes. As per the recent taxonomic classification by ICTV, DEV has been classified into the genus Mardivirus, subfamily Alpha-herpesvirinae of the family Herpesviridae. Vaccination is the only option for the prevention and control of Duck plague. In India vaccination is done with chicken embryo adapted live virus which has many shortcomings. So, in this present situation a safe and potent vaccine development is the need of the hour. The use of chicken embryo fibroblast and a certified cell line may, probably, be the best option to achieve this. Therefore, the present study was undertaken for adaptation and propagation of local strain of duck plague virus in various cell culture systems. During the study a wild strain of DPV (DP/As-Km/0019) which was isolated in Duck Embryo Fibroblast, available in the Department of Microbiology was selected. The selected wild strain was used for adaptation in various cell culture systems viz. Chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture (CEF), Vero cell line and QT-35 cell line. The virus was passaged up to 12th passage levels and the presence of viral antigen was demonstrated by appearance of cytopathic effect (CPE), by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and by Sandwich ELISA. PCR was able to detect virus from all the cell cultures from 5th passage onwards and virus titre was detected at 10th and 12th passage level by S-ELISA. It was observed that various cell culture systems can be a good candidate for propagation of DPV and further study is required to study its immunogenicity and its feasibility as a vaccine candidate.

Мисливські водоплавні птахи водосховища "Відсічне" (Житомирська область)

Водосховище "Відсічне" на 16 км простягається уздовж р. Тетерів – від с. Побитівка до с. Дениші Житомирського району. Воно потребує очищення, що може істотно вплинути на структуру його рослинного і тваринного світу. За мету роботи поставлено вивчення структури населення мисливських водоплавних птахів та розроблення заходів з їх охорони. Загалом тут зафіксовано 25 видів мисливських водоплавних птахів, із яких 11 – гніздових, 12 – пролітних і 2 – зимуючих. Найбільш представленими є Гусеподібні птахи, за якими йдуть Норцеподібні та Журавлеподібні. За відносною чисельністю переважають рідкісні види птахів (11 таксонів), потім – звичайні (8 видів). У весняно-міграційний період переважають крижень, свищ, червоноголова чернь та лиска; у гніздовий – крижень, лиска та водяна курочка; в осінньо-міграційний – крижень, червоноголова чернь, свищ та лиска. Найбільшим різноманіттям та чисельністю водоплавних птахів, особливо у гніздовий період, відрізняються витоки водотоків. Поряд із цим, їх рослинність затримує змиви ґрунтових частин, що сприяє зменшенню замулення водосховища. Окрім цього, тут тримаються ондатри, кабани та інші види. Після розчищення водосховища такі ділянки важливо залишати недоторканими, у природному стані. З метою покращення умов проживання мисливських водоплавних птахів, доцільно провести біотехнічні заходи. До таких біотехнічних заходів можна віднести влаштування гніздівель для крижня, нерозня, лебедя-шипуна, розширюють свій ареал гоголь та інші дупло-гніздові птахи. Як експеримент, можна було б уздовж водосховища вивісити штучні гніздівлі для дупло-гніздових водоплавних птахів.

Doctors teaching pilots: What is good for the goose….

Doctors teaching pilots: What is good for the goose….

Active layer slope disturbances affect seasonality and composition of dissolved nitrogen export from High Arctic headwater catchments

This study investigates the impacts of active layer detachments (ALDs) on nitrogen in seasonal runoff from High Arctic hillslope catchments. We examined dissolved nitrogen in runoff from an undisturbed catchment (Goose (GS)) and one that was disturbed (Ptarmigan (PT)) by ALDs, prior to disturbance (2007) and 5 years after disturbance (2012). The seasonal dynamics of nitrogen species concentrations and fluxes were similar in both catchments in 2007, but the mean seasonal nitrate concentration and mass flux from the disturbed catchment were on the order of 30 times higher relative to the undisturbed catchment in 2012. Stormflow yielded 45% and 60% of the 2012 total dissolved nitrogen flux in GS and PT, respectively, although rainfall runoff provided less than 25% of seasonal discharge. Results support that through the combined effects of increased disturbance and rainfall, climate change stands to significantly enhance the export of nitrate from High Arctic watersheds. This study highlights that the increase in the delivery of nitrate from disturbance is especially pronounced late in the season when downstream productivity and the biological demand for this often limiting nutrient are high. Our results also demonstrate that the impact of ALDs on nitrate export can persist more than 5 years following disturbance.

The research progress of farm animal genomics based on sequencing technologies.

Various farm animal breeds have been domesticated and bred for thousands years, and they provide adequate animal-derived proteins to meet the human nutrition requirement. Although quantitative genetics was applied in animal breeding, which launched a technological revolution in the past century, a number of complex traits remain difficult to be selected based on pedigree derived breeding, due to complicated animal genetics and development mechanisms. Farm animal's genetic potential hasn't yet to be fully exploited. The concept and technology from the Human Genome Project have greatly promoted farm animal genomic researches. It is possible to fine map the causal variations at the whole genome level and then exploit their biological functions, thus providing the theoretical basis for molecular designed breeding. In this review, we summarize the genomics research progress of main farm animals during the past decade, including pigs, cattle, yaks, goats, sheep, chickens, ducks and geese. We focus on the reference genome sequencing and follow-up population-level genomic studies based on high throughput resequencing technologies, and meanwhile envision the future work of farm animal genomics.

Taking Cereals Seriously in Martha Ostenso’s Wild Geese

This articles proposes a fresh reading of the classic Canadian novel, Wild Geese, by Martha Ostenso. By way of Anna Tsing's discussion of the cross-species influence of crops on the development of Western agricultural societies, I reconceive of the novel's surly antagonist Caleb as beholden to the fruits of his labour. I thereby develop a reading of Ostenso's frontier narrative that takes seriously the role of other-than-human actors in the novel, which counters scholarship that ascribes solely symbolic status to the novel's plantlife, while also revealing the novel's instrinsic anxiety regarding the limitations of settler belonging. Key words: frontier novel; nonhuman agency; cereal agriculture; Manitoba; Canadian settler colonialism

Stability Analysis of Eggshells Subjected to External Pressure

The subject of the work is 5 goose eggshells. These goose eggshells are chosen with egg-shaped index about 0.69. Counter size of each goose eggshell is measured, including counter shape, major axis and minor axis. Both axial compression testing and external radial pressure testing of each goose eggshell are conducted. Then thickness and density of each goose eggshell are measured carefully with the use of corresponding measuring apparatus. Finally, buckling and strength of each goose eggshell are numerically analyzed with using finite element methods. Results show that strength rather than buckling is the main factor resulting in instability of goose eggshells. The research on goose eggshell could provide efficient bionic information for pressure hulls application in deep-sea manned submersible.

Research advances on animal genetics in China in 2015.

Chinese scientists have made significant achievements in the field of animal genetics in 2015. Incomplete statistics show that among all the publications of 2015 involving nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), fly (Drosophila melanogaster), zebrafish (Danio rerio), African clawed frog (Xenopus) or mice (Mus musculus), about 1/5 publications are from China. Many innovative studies were published in high-impact international academic journals by Chinese scientists, including the identification of a putative magnetic receptor MagR, the genetic basis for the regulation of wing polyphenism in the insect brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) modification in the Drosophila genome, a novel molecular mechanism regarding the dendritic spine pruning and maturation in the mammals, the mechanism for the CREB coactivator CRTC2 in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, the control of systemic inflammation by neurotransmitter dopamine, the role of Gasdermin protein family in triggering pyroptosis, a parvalbumin-positive excitatory visual pathway to trigger fear responses in mice, etc. Chinese scientists have also made important contributions in genome editing via TALEN or CRISPR/Cas system. According to incomplete statistics, more than 1/5 of the publications related to genome editing in 2015 are from China, where a variety of animals with different approaches were targeted, ranging from the worm to primates. Particularly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human tripronuclear zygotes was successfully achieved for the first time. China has been one of the leading countries in genome sequencing in recent years, and Chinese scientists reported the sequence and annotation of the genomes of several important animal species in 2015, including goose (Anser cygnoides), Schlegel's Japanese Gecko (Gekko japonicus), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and pig (Sus scrofa). They further analyzed the genome-wide genetic basis of the species-specific physiological and pathological characteristics as well as their adaptation to environmental conditions. In this review, we make a first attempt to summarize the research advances on animal genetics in China in 2015, with an emphasis on the achievements led by Chinese scientists and carried out in Chinese institutions. We will briefly discuss the significance of their research and contributions of Chinese scientists in animal genetics.

Is the ’Flying Geese’ Paradigm useful to explain advancement in the European Union by means of FDI phenomenon?

Is the ’Flying Geese’ Paradigm useful to explain advancement in the European Union by means of FDI phenomenon?

Application of the digital osteotomy template in the mandibular angle osteotomy

To investigate the application of the digital osteotomy template in the mandibular angle osteotomy,so as to increase the precision and symmetry of the osteotomy. 8 cases were included in our study (female,average age 25.5).The CT data (DICOM format) were reformatted into 3D images using 3D imaging software (ProPlan).The osteotomy lines were designed on digital 3D theoretical model with ProPlan.Then the statistics of the ostectomy were imported into GeoMagic in the form of STL file to design the 3D osteotomy template.The osteotomy template was fabricated with FDA certificated PLA through RP machine. During operation,the template was inserted into operation area to guide the osteotomy.A line was drawn along the edge of ostectomy plate with a grinding ball and osteotomy was done along the curvilinear line using a goose saw. The removed bone proved to be highly matched with the template.All the post-operative results were satisfactory.There were no complications such as fracture,life-threatening hemorrhage and infection.The post-operative measurement showed good symmetry. With the guidance of osteotomy templates,the surgeon can perform the osteotomy in an accurate way.The precision and symmetry of the osteotomy are greatly improved.

Iranian Bowl from Biliar: Complex Research and Conservation

The article represents the experience of complex research and conservation of an outstanding specimen of medievalIslamic fine wares - Iranian 12th century bowl found in archaeological excavations in Biliar, a capital of VolgaBulgarisinthe 11th – beginning of the 13th centuries. Main methods of investigation are morphological,technological and semantic analyzes. Chemical composition of ceramic body and glaze was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The bowl is shaped by pressing into a mold with added foot-ring. 14 lobes of the bowlare decorated with 14 differing feminine faces in headdresses (crowns?), 13 of which are adorned with pairedconfronted birds: doves, falcons, partridges, ducks, geese, and swans. The walls of the bowl are pierced along theedges of the faces, with tiny holes filled with transparent glaze, so the walls are translucent against the light. Thebowl is coated with glaze all over except the foot-ring and adorned by underglaze splashes of cobalt. The bowl waspreviously treated in the field, where it was assembled of 22 fragments, and we had to deal with its full retreatment.Conservation approach was developed individually on the basis of characteristics of body and glaze, peculiarities ofmanufacture, damages and deterioration of ceramic and restoration materials. The whole conservation process isrepresented in the article. The process of edges cleaning was the most time-and effort demanding one, whiledesalination and loss compensation turned out to be most difficult in terms of taking correct conservation decisions.As a result of full re-treatment, the item was thoroughly investigated, its body released off excessive chloride saltsand consolidated. The bowl got aesthetical appearance worth both its historical value and artistic merits and can besuccessfully presented on the exposition of renowned university museum on the rights of the “pearl” of itscollection.

Number and distribution of cranes and waterbirds at Dashanbao Black-necked Cranes National Nature Reserve,China during the 2013 wintering period

We conducted a survey of cranes and waterfowl covered at the Dashanbao Black-necked Cranes National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province during 19-20 th January, 2013. Our results showed that there were about 1,185 wintering Black-necked Cranes (Grus nigricollis), 563 Ruddy Shelducks (Todorna ferruginea), 298 bar-headed geese (Anser indicus), and 3 Common cranes (Grus grus) in this area. The main habitats for cranes and waterbirds were at Dahaizi, Xiaohaiba, Changhuikou, and Lelizhai.

Mechanisms of cholic acid for reducing damage to human live cell lines L-O2 induced by amanita toxic peptides

Objective To explore the mechanisms of different cholic acid for reducing damage to human liver cells lines L-O2 induced by amanita toxic peptides(amataxins). Methods According to different concentrations of amataxins, the experiment was conducted with different dosages in 5 groups: 0.00 g/L, 0.26 g/L, 0.40 g/L, 1.40 g/L and 2.80 g/L.The human liver cells lines L-O2 in the exponential growth phase were cultured into 96-well plates, 1×103 cells per well.After 24 hours, the concentrations of amanita toxic peptides mentioned above were added.The minimum concentration of mushroom toxins keeping the liver cells alive was determined after 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively, and MTT method was used to test each group's liver cell activity.The experiment included 3 groups: the control group, the damage group, and the cholic acid group.Each group had 3 time points: 24, 48 and 72 hours after being attacked.Twenty four hours after attack, in cholic acid group, cholic acid drugs including taurocholic acid gca, goose deoxycholic acid, gansu ammonia goose deoxycholic acid and bovine goose deoxycholic acid were given, respectively, to protect the injured liver cells.Cells' morphology changes were observed under the inverted phase contrast microscope, living cells were counted by using MTT method, and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activities in the culture supernatant were tested by the biochemical method. Results The minimum attack concentration of lamanita toxic peptides keeping liver cell survival in vitro was 1.40 g/L.Seventy-two hours after attack by amanita toxic peptides, the absorbance value was 0.812±0.035, 0.345±0.021, 0.363±0.018, 0.387±0.027, 0.431±0.018, 0.465±0.015 and 0.452±0.030, respectively in the control group, the damage group, the taurocholic acid group, the goose deoxycholic acid group, the glycocholic acid group, the glycochenodeoxycholic acid group and the sodium deoxycholic acid group.Compared with the damage group, absorbance value 72 hours after attack in each cholic acid group gradually increased, and compared with damage group, the differences were statistically significant among goose deoxycholic acid group, glycocholic acid group, glycochenodeoxycholic acid group and sodium deoxycholic acid group(P<0.05). AST and ALT activity in each cholic acid group declined, and that in glycochenodeoxycholic acid group was the lowest.Compared with the damage group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). Conclusions Cholic acid can protect human liver cells from the damage induced by amanita toxic peptides.Such effect may be related to the fact that both amanita toxic peptides and cholic acid are the substrates of NTCP and OATP. Key words: Amataxins; Human live cell line; Cholic acid; Damage

Family Business Succession in Hong Kong: The Case of Yung Kee

This case study examines the succession of Chinese family business in Hong Kong, drawing upon theories of the firm. More specifically, it utilizes capabilities theories, property rights economics and Neo-Confucianism to understand management disputes and infighting among the members in a Chinese family business in Hong Kong. This paper will argue that the founder of a Chinese business firm in Hong Kong is able to lead his or her offspring to create a dynamic enterprise via charismatic leadership and family rules embedded in traditional Chinese values. However, these two strategic assets disappear following the passing away of the founder as well as the emergence of new social values. When the founder passes on the enterprise to his or her offspring using more or less the equal inheritance system, the traditional Chinese value is unable to enforce the leader’s will to consolidate the strengths of the second generation family members to maintain the founder’s business. Furthermore, when the business is owned by all family members, property rights of the firm become unclear. Without effective enforcement of traditional Chinese values and with collective ownership rights, some family members will have the incentive to capture the economic rent that is shared by all members. In other words, some family members behave opportunistically or even cheat in order to capture economic gains in the public domain. High monitoring and enforcement costs in the form of court battle and endless disputes will occur. Rent dissipation occurs in the form of deterioration of the quality of the family business. This case study is based on Yung Kee, an internationally well-known roast goose restaurant in Hong Kong as an illustration.

Influence of Solar Wind on the TEC Variations at Mid and Sub-Auroral Latitudes During Sunspot Maximum

One cannot find many studies on the relationship between the amount of energy transferred in to the earth’s magnetosphere and ionospheric TEC variations observed at mid or sub-auroral latitudes. In this work we have attempted to relate day-to-day variations of four well known solar wind-magnetosphere energy coupling parameters and daily mean TEC variations at a mid latitude (Sagamore Hill) and a sub-auroral (Goose bay) station during the year 1981, at sunspot maximum. We could obtain statistically significant correlation between the variations of the above solar wind parameters and TEC at Goose bay and Sagamore Hill during the months February (winter) and March (equinox) for the year of study. However we cannot find a similar result for August (summer) 1981. This study demonstrates the usefullness of solar wind-magnetospheric coupling parameters in modelling ionospheric TEC variations during high solar activity periods.

Factors affecting the responses of female Canada Geese to disturbance during incubation

During incubation, Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) and other waterfowl flush from their nests in response to the approach of potential predators and subsequently return to nests after the threat of predation has abated. Differences among individuals in their responses to such disturbance (e.g., how close a potential predator approaches before flushing) are thought to reflect variation in female age, the reproductive value of clutches, and nest site characteristics. From 26 April to 26 May 2010, we examined the possible effects of these factors on the behavior of female Canada Geese (B. c. interior) on Akimiski Island, Nunavut. We used humans as surrogate predators and flushing distance and return time after disturbance as response variables. The distance at which females flushed in response to approaching humans was best explained by the density of vegetation around nests, with females on better concealed nests flushing at closer distances. We also found a weak relationship between return time and clutch size, with females with larger clutches returning to nests sooner. The frequency of human visits did not affect either female flushing distance or return time. Female Canada Geese in our study appeared to minimize risk of their own injury or death (future reproductive potential) in escape decisions, whereas return times appeared to minimize the risk of nest predation (current reproductive investment). RESUMEN Factores que afectan las respuestas de las hembras del Ganso Canadiense (Branta canadensis) a disturbios durante la incubacion Durante la incubacion, el Ganso Canadiense (Branta canadensis) y otras aves acuaticas salen rapidamente del nido en respuesta a la aproximacion de potenciales depredadores y regresan al nido despues de que la amenaza de la depredacion ha disminuido. Se cree que las diferencias en las respuestas ha estos disturbios (e. g., que tan cerca se aproxima un depredador potencial antes de salir rapidamente del nido) entre individuos son ocasionadas por la variacion de edad entre las hembras, el valor reproductivo de las nidadas y las caracteristicas de los lugares de anidacion. Desde el 26 de Abril a el 26 de Mayo del 2010, examinamos el posible efecto de estos factores en el comportamiento de las hembras de Ganso Canadiense (B. c. interior) en Akimiski Island, Nunavut. Usamos humanos como depredadores sustitutos, y distancias de salidas rapidas del nido y tiempo de regreso despues de un disturbio como variables respuesta. Las distancias a las cuales las hembras salen rapidamente del nido en respuesta a una aproximacion de humanos fueron mejor explicadas por la vegetacion alrededor del nido, hembras en nidos mas ocultos salieron volando a distancias mas cortas. Tambien encontramos una relacion debil entre el tiempo de regreso y el tamano de la nidada, en donde hembras con tamano de nidadas mas grandes regresaron al nido mas rapido. La frecuencia de la visitas humanas no afecto la distancia a la salida del nido o el tiempo de regreso. Hembras del Ganso Canadiense en nuestro estudio parecen minimizar el riesgo de sus lesiones o muerte (futuro potencial reproductivo) usando decisiones de escape, mientras tiempos de regreso parecen minimizar el riesgo de depredacion (inversion reproductiva en el presente).

From the Editor : Killing the Goose

From the Editor : Killing the Goose

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma with generalized cutaneous involvement:a case report

A rare case of anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL)with generalized cutaneous involvement is reported in a 37-year-old man.Seven months prior to the presentation,he developed a goose egg-sized mass in his right thigh without obvious triggers,which gradually grew and no significant discomfort was felt.Diffuse and nonpitting edema gradually appeared in his right thigh and hip.Two months prior to the presentation,multiple dark red papules,nodules,and plaques emerged over the body surface with erosions and ulcers of varying size arising on some of the plaques.Laboratory examination revealed reduced albumin and significantly elevated lactate dehydrogenase in serum.B-mode sonography showed swelling and mutual fusion of superficial lymph nodes,and color Doppler flow imaging revealed markedly increased branch blood flow signals in lymph nodes.Computed tomography(CT)displayed generalized swelling of lymph nodes associated with soft-tissue edema in the right thigh and perineal region,as well as extensive enlargement of epigastric and mediastinal lymph nodes.Pathological examination of the skin lesion revealed a dense dermal infiltrate with mononuclear cells,some of which presented with cellular atypia and atypical nuclear division.Immunohistochemistry of the skin lesion showed that the mononuclear cells stained positive for CD3,CD8,CD30(80％ positive),CD4,CD45RO and granzyme B,but negative for CD56,ALK and T cell intracellular antigen-1(TIA-1).Pathology of lymph nodes indicated that the lymph node structure was completely destroyed with a diffuse growth of tumor cells,which were larger than common large cell lymphoma cells,and contained basophilic or bi-color abundant cytoplasm,deviating,horseshoe-,kidney-shaped,or lobulated cell nuclei,sparse nuclear chromatin and single or multiple small basophilic nucleoli.Angiogenesis,stromal fibrosis and infiltration of varying number of plasma cells and lymphocytes were seen in pathological lymphoid tissue.Immunohistochemistry of lymph nodes showed that the tumor cells stained positive for CD2,CD4,CD3,granzyme B,epithelial membrane antigen(EMA),Ki-67 and CD30,but negative for CD8,CD56,TIA-1 and ALK.The patient was diagnosed with ALK-negative primary systemic ALCL with extensive cutaneous involvement.

Asia's Flying Geese: How Regionalization Shapes Japan by Walter F. Hatch

Asia's Flying Geese: How Regionalization Shapes Japan <i>by Walter F. Hatch</i>