Google Sheets Research Articles

Building a Database using Unconventional Sources: Squirrels of India

Squirrels, like most other small mammals, have been poorly documented in the Indian subcontinent, which deters us from understanding species declines and prioritizing research on sensitive taxa (McKinney 1999, Koprowski and Nandini 2008). They are diverse in their habits and morphology and perform important ecological roles, including seed dispersal, pollination, and regulating plant growth. They also form a significant prey base for many predators. Squirrels respond strongly to pressures around them, including urbanization, habitat modification, and climate change, and can thus act as model study systems (Sol et al. 2013). The first step in understanding how species respond to such changes is by gaining knowledge of where they occur. The rapid spread of internet connectivity and access to mobile technology across India allow us to access large-scale secondary data in ways that were not possible around a decade ago. We created a pan-India database for 30 species of squirrels using primary data (from fieldwork) and secondary sources (museum records, published and gray literature), citizen science portals (six sources), and social media platforms (14 sources). The use of social media platforms is increasing exponentially across India, yet these remain a largely unexplored source for harvesting biodiversity information. Given low public awareness of squirrel species, we expected high error rates with contributors' assignment of species identity. A key of species images and calls was used while data gathering to maintain consistency across the team. A pipeline for the data collection and curation was created, and all volunteers on the project were trained to maintain consistency in data collection. To ensure verification of species identity, media (photographs, audio, and video data) are collected when possible or are cross-checked on the source site. Some (iNaturalist, Project Noah) citizen science platforms allow script-based or search-based downloads of bulk records without media. Each media record on such citizen science sites is manually checked to confirm species identification. On social media platforms (Fig. 1), species-wise searches were performed (using common and scientific names) within each platform. For all social media records, media (photograph, audio, video) data was downloaded along with location, date, observer, and relevant notes. Each entry was manually entered into a database by researchers (12 over two years, including volunteer interns). Each record was then manually verified for species by one or two of four curators (more curators for less-familiar species). Duplicates were manually removed by a curator, who compares species-specific data across multiple sources. The location for each entry was also curated, and a georeference was added when unavailable in the original post. All location data were imported into Google Sheets, and the map tool Geocode by Awesome Table were used to obtain latitude and longitude data for places. On many occasions, curators contacted observers on social media to confirm details before an entry was finalized. Over two years, the database grew to include 24,170 records with approximately 14,000 media files, with the team working for over 2200+ hours. About 48% (12,035) of the occurrence records came from social media sources, followed by 30% of records (7375) from traditional sources and 22% (4660) from citizen science portals (Fig. 1). We examined the temporal trends and bias for squirrel occurrence data for all three sources and assess the over and under-representation of squirrel occurrence based on body size, activity period, body-color, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List status, range size, and habitat type. The majority of the occurrence records were that of tree squirrels (Fig. 2), followed by flying and ground squirrels. This is likely because tree squirrels are diurnal and more abundant, and hence are easier to record when compared to flying squirrels which are cryptic and nocturnal. The two species of ground squirrels in India are restricted to higher elevations in the Himalayas, making them difficult to record. There are, however, differences in records across regions in India. Based on a quick examination of the occurrence records, most of them are from urban areas, reflecting either bias in data collection (concentrated human densities) or species response to urbanization. Some species like Funambulus palmarum and Funambulus pennantii are known to be abundant in areas with higher human densities, which might be reflected in the number of occurrence records. In contrast, most other species seem restricted to areas with less anthropogenic disturbance. Therefore, recording fine-scale occurrences for this diverse group is crucial to understand species' responses to rapid landscape modifications such as urbanization. Our understanding of biodiversity in a changing world has been greatly improved by combining, harmonizing, and analyzing large amounts of heterogeneous ecological data (Hampton et al. 2013). The availability of more accurate data enables studies to address questions at increasingly large spatial and temporal scales with stronger inference and more accurate and predictive models, which, in turn, yield important biological insights (Lewis et al. 2018).

A survey on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data utilisation in Italian clinical laboratories.

The Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology (SIBioC) Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (BAI) Working Group promoted a survey to frame the knowledge, skills and technological predisposition in clinical laboratories. A questionnaire, focussing on digitization, information technology (IT) infrastructures, data accessibility, and BAI projects underway was sent to 1,351 SIBioC participants. The responses were evaluated using SurveyMonkey software and Google Sheets. The 227 respondents (17%) from all over Italy (47% of 484 labs), mainly biologists, laboratory physicians and managers, mostly from laboratories of public hospitals, revealed lack of hardware, software and corporate Wi-Fi, and dearth of PCs. Only 25% work daily on clouds, while 65%-including Laboratory Directors-cannot acquire health data from sources other than laboratories. Only 50% of those with access can review a clinical patient's health record, while the other access only to laboratory information. The integration of laboratory data with other health data is mostly incomplete, which limits BAI-type analysis. Many are unaware of integration platforms. Over 90% report pulling data from the Laboratory Information System, with varying degrees of autonomy. Very few have already undertaken BAI projects, frequently relying on IT partnerships. The majority consider BAI as crucial in helping professional judgements, indicating a growing interest. The questionnaire received relevant feedback from SIBioC participants. It highlighted the level of expertise and interest in BAI applications. None of the obstacles stands out more than the others, emphasising the need to all-around work: IT infrastructures, data warehouses, BAI analysis software acquisition, data accessibility and training.

Pipe leakage detection system with artificial neural network

<span lang="EN-US">This project aims to develop a system that can monitor to detect leaks in water distribution networks. It has been projected that leakage from pipelines may lead to significant economic losses and environmental damage. The loss of water from leaks in pipeline systems accounts for a large portion of the water supply. Pipelines are maintained throughout their lives span; however, it is difficult to avoid a leak occurring at some point. A tremendous amount of water could be saved globally if automated leakage detection systems were introduced. An embedded system that monitors water leaks can efficiently aid in water conservation. This project focuses on developing a real-time water leakage detection system using a few types of sensors: water flow rate sensor, vibration sensor, and water pressure sensor. The data from the sensors is uploaded and stored by the microcontroller (NodeMCU V3) to the database cloud (Google Sheets). The data that is stored in the database is analyzed by artificial neural network (ANN) by using Matlab software. An application is developed based on results from ANN training to detect the leakage event. Implementing the proposed system can increase operations efficiency, reduce delay times, and reduce maintenance costs after leaks are detected.</span>

Knowledge, attitude and practices towards seasonal influenza vaccination among healthcare workers.

Vaccination as a primary prevention strategy is a well-established public health policy for preventing influenza. Despite strong recommendation, vaccination coverage among health workers is still not satisfying. The intention of the current study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards influenza vaccination among healthcare workers. In this cross-sectional, single-centre study, 789 healthcare workers (out of total 1380) participated. Institutional ethical committee clearance was obtained before the study. It was conducted in October 2021. A structured questionnaire in the form of Google sheet was sent to all healthcare professionals (HCPs) affiliated with the institution. Data collected was tabulated using MS Excel and analysed using appropriate statistical tools. Of the 1380 approached, a total of 789 (57.17%) HCPs responded to the questionnaire. The overall vaccination coverage in the study population was 71.6%. The overall vaccination acceptance rate drops to 36.78% when those taken vaccine as a recommended pre-employment requisite and got never vaccinated again were excluded. Also, 88.21% of the respondents believed that influenza is a potentially dangerous disease and 93.16% believed that flu vaccination is effective against preventing influenza. Although 736 participants (93.28%) were aware that seasonal influenza vaccine is recommended for healthcare workers, irrespective of age and comorbidities, only 411 (52.1%) intended to take vaccine in the coming year. Also, 97.34% of the participants considered vaccine as safe. Influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers is still at an unsatisfactory level. This is despite majority of the HCPs accepting that the vaccine is safe and preventive against influenza. Efforts are still needed to improve the coverage.

Assessment of satisfaction level among patients toward services provided by dental clinics: A cross-sectional study

Background: Although, patient satisfaction is an important factor of the quality of health care, few studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to assess the satisfaction of patients toward health care services in dental clinics. Thus, in this study we aim to assess patient satisfaction with healthcare services in the dental clinics in Saudi Arabia using The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short-Form (PSQ-18). Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted among patients who were admitted to dental clinics in order to assess the satisfaction level toward health services using The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18) that was distributed among the participants using online Google sheets. Results: In this study, we were able to collect data from 300 patients who went to private and governmental dental clinics and who agreed to participate in this study. Among the participants, 37.3 % were younger than 30 years old and 71.0 % of the participants were females and 96.3 % of the participants were Saudi Arabian. In general, 54.3 % of the participants were satisfied with the health service provided by the dental clinics. The results of the study showed that age was a significant factor affecting the satisfaction level of the participants (P=0.001) while there is no significant difference between genders considering satisfaction (55.42 vs 54.35). Furthermore, higher education of the participants was associated with higher level of satisfaction (P=0.002) where housewives reported the lowest level of satisfaction and students had the highest level of satisfaction (P=0.005). There is no significant difference in satisfaction between participants depending on type of clinics (P=0.963), type of the visit (P=0.841), waiting time (P=0.45), distance of the dentist (P=0.082) or location (P=0.124). Conclusion: This study showed slightly more than half of the patients of dental clinics were satisfied with health services provided by the clinics especially considering technical aspects. Older patients, non-Saudi patients, less educated patients, and those with lower income showed lower level of satisfaction. Keywords: satisfaction, dental clinics, Saudi Arabia

Assessment of satisfaction level among patients toward services provided by dental clinics: A cross-sectional study

Background: Although, patient satisfaction is an important factor of the quality of health care, few studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to assess the satisfaction of patients toward health care services in dental clinics. Thus, in this study we aim to assess patient satisfaction with healthcare services in the dental clinics in Saudi Arabia using The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short-Form (PSQ-18). Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted among patients who were admitted to dental clinics in order to assess the satisfaction level toward health services using The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18) that was distributed among the participants using online Google sheets. Results: In this study, we were able to collect data from 300 patients who went to private and governmental dental clinics and who agreed to participate in this study. Among the participants, 37.3 % were younger than 30 years old and 71.0 % of the participants were females and 96.3 % of the participants were Saudi Arabian. In general, 54.3 % of the participants were satisfied with the health service provided by the dental clinics. The results of the study showed that age was a significant factor affecting the satisfaction level of the participants (P=0.001) while there is no significant difference between genders considering satisfaction (55.42 vs 54.35). Furthermore, higher education of the participants was associated with higher level of satisfaction (P=0.002) where housewives reported the lowest level of satisfaction and students had the highest level of satisfaction (P=0.005). There is no significant difference in satisfaction between participants depending on type of clinics (P=0.963), type of the visit (P=0.841), waiting time (P=0.45), distance of the dentist (P=0.082) or location (P=0.124). Conclusion: This study showed slightly more than half of the patients of dental clinics were satisfied with health services provided by the clinics especially considering technical aspects. Older patients, non-Saudi patients, less educated patients, and those with lower income showed lower level of satisfaction. Keywords: satisfaction, dental clinics, Saudi Arabia

Using digital technologies to study the behavior of rubber balloons

In this paper, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using digital technologies to study the behavior of rubber balloons. The experiment to study the behavior of balloons was presented in a new way using the Vernier measuring system, Logger Pro 3 software, Tracker and Google Sheets. This allowed to significantly optimize the work, reduce measurement time and increase the time required to calculate and analyze the results.

Six tips for better spreadsheets.

Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets are powerful and widely used. But there’s a right way and a wrong way to use them, data scientists say. Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets are powerful and widely used. But there’s a right way and a wrong way to use them, data scientists say.

An investigation into the socioeconomic factors correlated with PISA reading scores

Literacy is a fundamental skill that is essential to navigate daily life in modern society. Its importance is emphasized by Target 4.6 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, which aims to “ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy” by 2030. This study utilized indicators of the Human Development Index to determine the socioeconomic factors most correlated to a country’s youth literacy rates, as measured by its score on the literacy section of the Programme for International Assessment (PISA). We examined the relationship between national PISA reading test scores and nine socioeconomic factors: a country’s mean years of schooling, primary school enrollment, secondary school enrollment, gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, government spending on education, life expectancy, infant mortality, and total population. Triennial data spanning from 2000 to 2018 was gathered for over 80 countries and analyzed by year using simple linear regression models. A combination of Google Sheets, Microsoft Excel, and Python libraries was used to analyze the relationship between literacy and our chosen socioeconomic factors to determine which of the factors were most strongly correlated with youth literacy rates. Our results were interpreted using R2 and Pearson correlation coefficient values. From these results, we concluded that infant mortality, mean years of schooling, and life expectancy exhibit the strongest correlations with PISA test scores, suggesting that the strength of a country’s healthcare system is highly orrelated with its quality of education.

Research Management in "Many Analysts" Projects

With the recent increase of large scientific collaborations in the form of "Many Analysts" projects, research project management has quickly moved from small/medium-scale coordination to large-scale planning. Project coordinators are faced with unprecedented challenges which make "Many Analysts" projects time consuming and resource demanding. With this poster, we would like to share our experience managing the ongoing Many Speech Analysis project (https://many-speech-analyses.github.io) and offer tips and logistic solutions to minimise the resource overhead required for such type of projects. We will also discuss which steps in the process didn't go as expected and how on hindsight we wished we approached them.
 
 More specifically we will discuss the following aspects:
 
 
 Overall design of the study in five phases: recruitment, teams' analyses, analyses peer-review, meta-analysis and write-up.
 Preparation of a Registered Report and process of getting an In Principle Acceptance prior to the beginning of the first phase (recruitment).
 Preparation and management of a project-wide OSF repository using the R package osfr, and integration with GitHub.
 Logistics of recruitment and team creation with social media, Eventbrite and Google Sheets.
 Development of questionnaires to gather background information on the recruited analysts and to collect reports on the the teams' analyses.
 General project management with GitHub projects, issues and GitHub actions.

Sistem Penilaian Inovasi Karyawan Digital Amoeba Menggunakan Desain Arsitektur Microservice Pada Aplikasi Mobile

Digital Amoeba employees want an application system that can be integrated directly into the Ideabox application to be assessed the innoavtions directly. Therefore, innovations do not need to be assessed using third parties such as Google Sheets SurveyMonkey. Therefore, an application system called Scoring was created. This application system is designed using a microservice architecture design, where each service has its own database. The services used in the Scoring application system are User Service, Ideas Service, Event Service, and Scoring Service. The application system is built using the PHP programming language and the CodeIgniter version 4 framework. This system is implemented both on web and mobile platform

Evaluating the Importance of Sub-Internships on the 2022 Integrated Plastic Surgery Match During Continued COVID-19 Regulations

ObjectiveFollowing the 2021 integrated plastic surgery match, we found a significant increase in home match rates and decrease in match rate for students without a home plastic surgery program with the elimination of visiting sub-internships and the initiation of virtual interviewing. With the return of visiting sub-internships in the 2022 match cycle, we hypothesize that these rates will approach values more consistent with historical controls.DesignProgram match data was obtained from posts to residency program Instagram pages and posts associated with the hashtag #PRSMatch2022. Data on visiting sub-internship matches was obtained from a publicly available Google Sheet with applicant contributors. The Chi square test was used to assess for differences.SettingMedical schools and plastic surgery programs were categorized into west, midwest, south, and northeast regions.ParticipantsMatched applicants to integrated plastic surgery residency programs.ResultsIn total, 192 of 194 (99%) of applicants matched to integrated plastic surgery residency positions were identified. The match rate for applicants without an affiliated plastic surgery program (31.3%) increased from 2021 (p = 0.03) and returned to a level consistent with historical controls (p = 0.38). Similarly, the home program match rate (15.1%) and match rate for applicants from Top 40 medical schools (34.2%) decreased from 2021, returning to pre-pandemic levels (p = 0.63, p = 0.12). Finally, regional match preferences remained generally consistent with historical controls, apart from a higher proportion of northeast applicants matching to programs in the northeast (72.5%, p = 0.04), and a lower proportion of west applicants matching to programs in the west (26.3%, p = 0.002).ConclusionsThe 2022 integrated plastic surgery match cycle saw a reversal of many of the changes to match rates seen in the 2021 cycle. These changes may be due to the reintroduction of visiting sub-internships following updates in COVID-19 policies.

COVID-19 VARIANTS OF CONCERNS TRACKING: HOW WE EASED OUT THE WHOLE PROCESS THROUGH OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE IN MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA

Objective: To comprehend the evolution and spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) virus and also to prevent the future spread of the same, sequencing and analyzing the genomic data of SARS CoV-2 are essential. The objective of the present study is to describe the scope of improvement identified by the state of Madhya Pradesh in the data flow chain and the methodology designed to address the identified shortcomings. Methods: The number of sources of sample data collection was altered as well as a series of Google Sheets were formulated as an open-source tool, to implement an efficient sample data-sharing platform. The application of the proposed tool (Google Sheets as a source of data collection and information sharing) was within the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Result: After utilizing this mechanism, the state was able to trace more than 80% VOCs and 3341 primary contacts and was also able to communicate this result to all stakeholders without much delay. Conclusion: Based on successful implementation and results, the authors suggest widening the domain of the proposed tool to other states.

Tourist Counter Design Using RFID Sensors For Real Time Monitoring

In this paper, we present a design for calculating the number of visitors to a tourist attraction. The tourism sector has a positive impact on national economic development. In an effort by the government to increase tourism potential, data on the number of visitors who visit a tourist attraction is needed. In this prototype, the number of tourists will be counted at the entrance using RFID. The controller unit (Node-MCU) will receive and process the incoming data and then classify it into adult local tourists, adult foreign tourist, child local tourists and child foreign tourist. Google Sheets are used to store data from the controller over a long period of time and provide results and records of daily visitors. Recording time on Google Sheets is delayed 3-4 seconds in good signal conditions, and 7-10 seconds on a bad signal conditions. This system provides accurate results about the number of tourists of a tourist attraction.

ANALISIS PENERAPAN STRATEGI COST TRANSPARENCY PADA USAHA COFFEE ROASTERY

Business competition in coffee industry is increasing in every year. Coffee consumption and production in Indonesia have been increasing drastically during the last five years. It has also been recorded that the number of coffee shops tripled only from 2016 to 2019. Therefore, coffee businesses need to apply different strategies in order to stay exist and competitive. This research was conducted at Langgan Coffee Roasters, a business that uses cost transparency whose main activities are roasting and selling coffee beans through subscription. The goal of this study is to identify how the strategy is applied and how their customers respond to it. The data of this research was harvested through interviews, observations, and documentations. This study finds that cost transparency is applied by opening the cost structure that constitutes the product to the public through Google Sheets. Their customers respond to it well since they can get better product knowledge and can make better budget planning before making transaction. Then, as they trust the company more, both parties have a closer relationship.

Design and construction of a token vending machine for wireless internet connection

This paper presents the design and construction of a machine that automates the process of selling access credentials to a wireless network. For its construction, the V methodology for project management was followed. The machine consists of a closed box with two buttons on the outside to indicate the start and end of the transaction, a 16x2 LCD screen with an I2c conversion interface to show transaction, user and password indications, a multi-currency purse and four LED lights that serve as indicators of the amount entered. Internally the machine consists of an ESP-8266-E development board, an Mb102 breadboard source module, a 12V 2.5A eliminator, a 5.0 V universal charger cube and a breadboard. Logically, the web-based spreadsheet (Google sheets), Google apps script and the Arduino integrated development environment were used. The result is a low-cost prototype, which provides controlled internet access credentials for multiple users.

Rancang Bangun dan Analisis Penggunaan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Proyek Berbasis Free Open-Source Software (FOSS) pada Perusahaan Berskala Besar di Jawa Tengah

Design and Analysis of the Use of a Project Management Information System Based on Free Open-Source Software (Foss) in Large-Scale Companies in Central Java. To increase knowledge about project communication management and organizational communication in the cigarette industry at PT. Aman Indah Makmur, especially with regard to the use of FOSS as a tool for internal interaction and communication. Design and Analysis of the Use of a Project Management Information System Based on Free Open-Source Software (Foss) in Large-Scale Companies in Central Java. Qualitative methods were used, literature research, online ethnography, and observations were carried out to better understand important events where FOSS Google Spreadsheet users interacted, communicated, and collaborated. As the Collaboration Metric Model shows, FOSS Google Sheets can be an effective and efficient tool in large companies with 50 to 100 employees.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Background: The quality of life for tuberculosis patients remains elusive, affecting their physical, mental, and social well-being.
 Objectives: The purpose of this scoping review aimed to discuss issues, patient perceptions, and comprehend the impact of pulmonary tuberculosis on the patient's quality of life.
 Design: This study was conducted by following a scoping framework.
 Data Sources: This study was carried out following a scoping review framework. This study's literature search relied on data from ScienceDirect, Scopus, EBSCO, ProQuest, ClinicalKey, SpringerLink, ProQuest, and Pubmed. By using the keywords “quality of life” AND “tuberculosis” AND “treatment” OR “perception” OR “experience”. This scoping review leverages a data method derived from 9 articles published between 2016 and 2021. Physical weakness, financial decline, psychological, emotional stress, depression, and stigma experienced by patients are all common problems.
 Review Methods: The article screening method is used for the review, and it is guided by the PRISMA flowchart. Extraction is carried out on Google Sheets, and synthesis is carried out from the extraction results.
 Results: This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of three components of patient impact: 1) physical impact, 2) mental impact experienced by tuberculosis patients, and 3) social impact of tuberculosis patients. There are also six issues to consider: 1) physical disorders (weakness, cough, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, shortness of breath), 2) financial decline, 3) psychological disorders (sad, worried), 4) emotional, 5) depression, and 6) stigma.
 Conclusion: To enhance the quality of life of Tuberculosis patients, the quality of life must be examined from all perspectives, including physical, mental, and social elements, by intensifying regular health education and self-care management.

1064 THINK STOOL CHART

Abstract Introduction Bowel care is an important part of care for older people. This quality improvement project (QIP) was carried out on the Older Person’s Assessment Unit at Arrowe Park Hospital which is a 24 bed acute frailty unit. Locally we found inadequate documentation of stool charts. This had the potential to cause problems related to constipation such as pain, increased use of catheters, delirium, bowel obstruction, thereby increasing length of hospital stay. Our aim was that all our patients would have a completed stool chart. Method Three Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) cycles were designed with input from the medical team, ward charge nurse and QIP lead. The first intervention was to discuss the importance of stool charts at board round. The second intervention included displaying a Bristol stool chart poster. The final intervention involved discussion with the clinical support workers and notices were displayed. Baseline audit data was collected and the audit repeated following each intervention. 12 patients were selected per cycle using alternate even and odd bed numbers. Data included if the amount, colour and stool type had been documented on the chart or the notes. Data was collected and presented using Google Sheets and Slides. Results Baseline data showed 40% of patients had a completed stool chart. Following the first intervention this improved to 50%. Data collected in PDSA cycle 2 showed the worst results with 25% of charts documented. After the final intervention stool charts were completed for 42% of patients. This information was less frequently documented in the notes. Staff experience and workload were likely factors affecting documentation. Conclusion The first intervention of active discussion with the multi-disciplinary team was most effective. Passive interventions such as displaying a poster was much less effective. There remains room for improvement and further PDSA cycles are planned.

The activities and impacts of a community-based volunteer ambulance service in Cape Town, South Africa.

IntroductionVolunteering yields valuable benefits to communities, yet globally there is limited published data regarding emergency medical volunteering in communities. Hout Bay Volunteer Emergency Medical Service is thought to be the oldest volunteer ambulance service in Cape Town. The objective of this paper is to quantify the contribution of the community service to the Western Cape Government Health: Emergency Medical Service. This paper describes the inputs, key stakeholder relationships, and the impact of COVID-19 on volunteer input and community needs.MethodsElectronic Computer-Aided Dispatch records were used for analysis. Data extracted included detailed information about all recorded incidents between 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020. Data were analysed in Google Sheets using Pivot Tables and summary statistics.ResultsBetween 2015 and 2020 HBVEMS responded to approximately 12% of all call-outs in the Hout Bay area, which equates to 2187.16 h of operational time spent on calls. This excludes standby time, i.e., time spent waiting to be dispatched. There was an expected noticeable difference between response times for ambulances based within Hout Bay, and those from outside Hout Bay. Despite a decline in average call-out rate during the 2020 Level 5 lockdown, the volunteers were able to do more shifts and thus more calls within the community. Call-outs during 2020 were visualised as a ratio of trauma to medical calls. In this period there were noticeably fewer trauma calls.ConclusionsThere is a growing need for emergency medical care, and volunteer ambulance services can have a meaningful impact on the continent. The findings support the benefit of developing community-based ambulance services, especially in areas that are remote due to distance or topography. The model can be expanded to other communities across the continent. A key factor for success is actively managing stakeholder relationships which include community-based relationships as well as governmental or formal emergency medical services relationships.