Google Maps Application Research Articles

An Early Detection-Warning System to Identify Speed Breakers and Bumpy Roads using Sensors In Smartphones

Speed breakers and bumpy roads are a major threat to drivers that questions their safety. The mishap happens because of no sign boards indicating the speed breaker, poor visibility at night and road works that are often carried out with no proper signs of road deviations and also the negligence of the driver. All these factors put the life of the persons in vain causing damage to the vehicle as well as life. Also, bumpy roads have become a problem for cars with less ground clearance. The focus of the paper is on designing an early warning system detecting both speed breaker humps and bad road conditions. The approach used in this paper is a real-time solution and is developed as an android service that runs in the background and relies on Google Maps application in the smartphone. This service will throw an alert giving early warning if the user is approaching the speed breaker or a bumpy road. Apart from just giving an early alert to the user, it also provides the user with an alternative and a better route. The solution proposed in this work is a form of crowdsourcing where users share and get data, therefore making the system cost effective.

Alarm System using Microcontroller , GPS and GSM Devices

During last ten years, it is noticed an increasing number of accidents causing losing of large number of victims This paper related to an explosion alarm system to inform the emergency center to make fast response for saving and rescuing life of people. The whole system is controlled by arduino uno microcontroller unit which senesces the environment and gives reaction based on what it sensed. Also GPS (global Position System) is used that gives the latitude and longitude of the event and sends this information as a short message to GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) mobile using SMS (Short Message Service). In other side, database of location (latitude, longitude) of each help center place is saved to be used for determining the nearest center to the accident through shortest path formula. Finally the path between emergency center and accident location is tracked through Google map application.

Googling Service Boundaries for Endovascular Clot Retrieval Hub Hospitals in a Metropolitan Setting: Proof-of-Concept Study.

There is great interest in how endovascular clot retrieval hubs provide services to a population. We applied a computational method to objectively generate service boundaries for such endovascular clot retrieval hubs, defined by traveling time to hub. Stroke incidence data merged with population census to estimate numbers of stroke in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Traveling time from randomly generated addresses to 4 endovascular clot retrieval-capable hubs (Royal Melbourne Hospital [RMH], Monash Medical Center [MMC], Alfred Hospital [ALF], and Austin Hospital [AUS]) estimated using Google Map application program interface. Boundary maps generated based on traveling time at various times of day for combinations of hubs. In a 2-hub model, catchment was best distributed when RMH was paired with MMC (model 1a, RMH 1765 km2 and MMC 1164 km2) or with AUS (model 1c, RMH 1244 km2 and AUS 1685 km2), with no statistical difference between models (P=0.20). Catchment was poorly distributed when RMH was paired with ALF (model 1b, RMH 2252 km2 and ALF 676 km2), significantly different from both models 1a and 1c (both P<0.05). Model 1a had the greatest proportion of patients arriving within ideal time of 30 minutes followed by model 1c (P<0.001). In a 3-hub model, the combination of RMH, MMC, and AUS was superior to that of RMH, MMC, and ALF in catchment distribution and travel time. The method was also successfully applied to the city of Adelaide demonstrating wider applicability. We provide proof of concept for a novel computational method to objectively designate service boundaries for endovascular clot retrieval hubs.

Choice Set Formation Behavior in Selecting Travel Routes: Application of an Interactive Online Survey Platform

One of the major challenges associated with the analysis of route choice modeling is the formulation of the choice set of alternatives that may allow a relatively accurate prediction of demand for travel routes. The subset of route alternatives in the choice set should be relevant and feasible and include the attributes considered most by travelers when they choose a route. This research investigated the role and significance of route choice set formations with a focus on the perspectives of the modeler and of travelers. Revealed preference data were collected from Sydney, Australia, residents about their choice of route for their most recent commuting trip. The survey tool was programmed to use the Google Maps application programming interfaces to collect the route choice information, including the selected route and the set of routes that were considered. Three discrete choice models were used to investigate the traveler’s inclination toward certain attributes of routes, considering both car and public transit routes with the master choice set. The effect of possible bias generated because of the formation of route choice from the perspective of the modeler was also analyzed and presented with the results. The results show the intuitive signs of various attributes, with travel time being the significant factor for route choice. The difference between the choice sets considered by the traveler and by the modeler also suggests that those considered by the modeler possess enough variation to offer the possibility of better capturing important factors affecting route choice behavior.

Proposal for optimal placement platform of bikes using queueing networks

In recent social experiments, rental motorbikes and rental bicycles have been arranged at nodes, and environments where users can ride these bikes have been improved. When people borrow bikes, they return them to nearby nodes. Some experiments have been conducted using the models of Hamachari of Yokohama, the Niigata Rental Cycle, and Bicing. However, from these experiments, the effectiveness of distributing bikes was unclear, and many models were discontinued midway. Thus, we need to consider whether these models are effectively designed to represent the distribution system. Therefore, we construct a model to arrange the nodes for distributing bikes using a queueing network. To adopt realistic values for our model, we use the Google Maps application program interface. Thus, we can easily obtain values of distance and transit time between nodes in various places in the world. Moreover, we apply the distribution of a population to a gravity model and we compute the effective transition probability for this queueing network. If the arrangement of the nodes and number of bikes at each node is known, we can precisely design the system. We illustrate our system using convenience stores as nodes and optimize the node configuration. As a result, we can optimize simultaneously the number of nodes, node places, and number of bikes for each node, and we can construct a base for a rental cycle business to use our system.

Smartphone-assisted spatial data collection improves geographic information quality: pilot study using a birth records dataset.

It is well known that the conventional, automated geocoding method based on self-reported residential addresses has many issues. We developed a smartphone-assisted aerial image-based method, which uses the Google Maps application programming interface as a spatial data collection tool during the birth registration process. In this pilot study, we have tested whether the smartphone-assisted method provides more accurate geographic information than the automated geocoding method in the scenario when both methods can get the address geocodes. We randomly selected 100 well-geocoded addresses among women who gave birth in Alachua county, Florida in 2012. We compared geocodes generated from three geocoding methods: i) the smartphone-assisted aerial image-based method; ii) the conventional, automated geocoding method; and iii) the global positioning system (GPS). We used the GPS data as the reference method. The automated geocoding method yielded positional errors larger than 100 m among 29.3% of addresses, while all addresses geocoded by the smartphone-assisted method had errors less than 100 m. The positional errors of the automated geocoding method were greater for apartment/condominiums compared with other dwellings and also for rural addresses compared with urban ones. We conclude that the smartphone-assisted method is a promising method for perspective spatial data collection by improving positional accuracy.

Design of Deformation Monitoring System for Volcano Mitigation

Indonesia has many active volcanoes that are potentially disastrous. It needs good mitigation systems to prevent victims and to reduce casualties from potential disaster caused by volcanoes eruption. Therefore, the system to monitor the deformation of volcano was built. This system employed telemetry with the combination of Radio Frequency (RF) communications of XBEE and General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) communication of SIM900. There are two types of modules in this system, first is the coordinator as a parent and second is the node as a child. Each node was connected to coordinator forming a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) with a star topology and it has an inclinometer based sensor, a Global Positioning System (GPS), and an XBEE module. The coordinator collects data to each node, one a time, to prevent collision data between nodes, save data to SD Card and transmit data to web server via GPRS. Inclinometer was calibrated with self-built in calibrator and tested in high temperature environment to check the durability. The GPS was tested by displaying its position in web server via Google Map Application Protocol Interface (API v.3). It was shown that the coordinator can receive and transmit data from every node to web server very well and the system works well in a high temperature environment.

E-Map as An Android Application Using Shortest Path Algorithm

Using a mobile device, the user could access the map application anywhere you go. The study was developed to determine the best path from one location to another using GPS Satellite. It has three features: Searching, Detecting, and Logbook. The user can input the starting location and destination anywhere on land through searching using the Shortest Path Algorithm. Based on the inputted location given by the user, the list of available routes will be determined which enables the user to select one from a set of possible routes. Afterward, the application will detect which path that the user will take to reach their destination applicable anywhere in the world through GPS satellite. It identifies the current location of the person and once the user moves from his current location to another location, the GPS will update every 20 seconds so that all possible routes with the number of kilometers will give the user to choose the shortest route. After the completion of the Google Map application, it was found out that this application can be used worldwide. It can detect routes anywhere in the world by using arrays (from JSON) as data provided from the satellite as long as travel is on land.

From query analysis to user information needs: a study of campus map searches

Purpose – Search engines and web applications have evolved to be more tailored toward individual user’s needs, including the individual’s personal preferences and geographic location. By integrating the free Google Maps Application Program Interface with locally stored metadata, the author created an interactive map search for users to locate, and navigate to, destinations on the University of New Mexico (UNM) campus. The purpose of this paper is to identify the characteristics of UNM map search queries, the options and prioritization of the metadata augmentation, and the usefulness and possible improvement of the interface. Design/methodology/approach – Queries, search date/time, and the number of results found were logged and examined. Queries’ search frequency and characteristics were analyzed and categorized. Findings – From November 1, 2012 to September 15, 2013, the author had a total 14,097 visits to the SearchUNM Maps page (http://search.unm.edu/maps/). There were total 5,868 searches (41 percent of all the page visits), and out of all the search instances, 2,297 of them (39 percent) did not retrieve any results. By analyzing the failed queries, the author was able to develop a strategy to increase successful searches. Originality/value – Many academic institutions have implemented interactive map searches for users to find locations and navigate on campus. However, to date there is no related research on how users conduct their searches in such a scope. Based on the query analysis, this paper identifies user’s search behavior and discusses the strategies of improving searches results of campus interactive maps.

An Android based Application for Determine a Specialized Hospital Nearest to Patient&amp;apos;s Location

and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are commonly using in healthcare organizations worldwide. The android operating system (AOS) based electronic devices such as Smartphones and computer tablets are extensively used for many purposes like instant messaging, gaming, word processing, Internet and download number of applications online. A rapid growth of android phones has enabled to replace PC's software and other licensed software development technologies. There are different kinds of healthcare applications developed in android Smartphones which help patients and their caregivers to reduce time and cost efficiency. In this research work, an application is developed that locates the nearest hospital about five km radius with the desired medical specialist. The nearest position of hospitals is calculated with a built-in feature of Global Positioning System (GPS) in Smartphones and finds the route from their current location through Google Map application Program Interfaces (API). An informative survey of different hospitals in Karachi is conducted to obtain an accurate list of doctors available in each hospital. With the help of this application, a patient can find the nearest hospital according to specialized consultant availability. A comprehensive profile of doctor and hospital is available in the application including the website, mailing addresses and contact numbers. thousands of new apps are uploaded in their online database. A number of applications related to healthcare are available in the medical category which is helpful in the diagnosis of vital sign parameters, vaccinations schedule, medicine reminder etc (2). These kinds of applications are lies in mobile-health (m- health) technology. Some applications determine the location of health clinics, healthcare centers and city hospitals. Search the nearest hospital with the specialty in the city of Karachi is the unique idea of this application. Authentic and up-to-date information are available about each hospital and doctor. Below is the background information about choosing the AOS platform for this application.

Construction and Implementation of Multiplatform Virtual Microscopy for Histology

For students studying tissue and organ microstructure, histology is an image‐based approach to understanding the relationship between form and function. Borne out of a collaborative effort between members of the Digital Histology Interest Group of the American Association of Anatomists, this project examined the conversion of specialized digitized images to a newer digitized open‐source format that would allow for compilation and delivery in a browser‐based environment in a cost‐efficient way. 214 images (76GB) were converted from the Bacus format to a format that is compatible with the Google Maps application programming interface (API) using high speed image processing and conversion facility at Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences (courtesy of J. Rhodes). Converted images were then compiled and assembled as a virtual microscopy application using the open‐source Google API code API, and deployed on servers at Tulane University. Implementation has involved the construction of image collections for lab as well as embedding into web‐driven html guides for use during and outside of interactive laboratory sessions in Histology. The outcomes following this implementation have included the introduction of interactive microscopy‐based sessions, the creation of single window viewing arising from integration of the virtual microscopy application with html‐driven lab guides, and enhanced accessibility on a range of desktop and mobile smart‐devices.

Projekt i realizacja bazy do „Atlasu gwar wschodniosłowiańskich Białostocczyzny”

Project and realization of database for the "Atlas of East Slavic dialects of Bialystok Region”The article presents issues concerning the project of creation of the Atlas of East Slavic dialects of Bialystok Region (Atlas gwar wschodniosłowiańskich Białostocczyzny – AGWB) and its realization. The crucial issues are shown from linguistic, information and computer points of view, taking into account the special features of dialectal material. Information referring to the Atlas of East Slavic dialects of Bialystok Region, a publication significant for Slavic linguistic geography, is also presented.The consecutive stages of preparing the base, i.a. preliminary choice of computer tools, suggested database structure, its subsequent modifications along with the E­R model and initial stages of system implementation (export of data, the choice of database administration system), are presented in the text. The problem of creation/modification of the phonetic alphabet (so­called ZRCola typeface vs. AGWB typeface) and the aspect of sorting data saved in this alphabet constitute separate issues for consideration.Modifications of data representation system in relation to the initial objec­ tives are discussed in the article, taking into account the future needs of users (connection with GoogleMaps application, hipermedial connections with the system of scanned source materials, etc.).

2D to 3D geologic mapping transformation using virtual globes and flight simulators and their applications in the analysis of geodiversity in natural areas

This work describes the transformation process from 2D cartography to 3D, simply by overlapping images in common formats (jpeg, bmp, tiff, png, etc.) on Google Earth’s virtual globe. Arribes del Duero Natural Park, located west of the province of Salamanca, Spain, was the object of this part of the study. Other natural areas are also discussed and were used to establish a procedure for mapping geodiversity and for identifying areas of geological uniqueness and naturalness within the natural areas. To do this, different parametric indices were used to empirically generate different degrees of geological diversity in the Quilamas Natural Area, located south of Salamanca, Spain. Intermediate parametric maps were processed using two types of GIS technical: graphical (neighbourhood operations) and alphanumeric (calculated from the fields in the attribute table). Intermediate parametric maps were processed using two types of technical GIS: neighbourhood operations (graphics) and alphanumeric (calculated from the fields in the attribute table). These maps were used to establish areas with the greatest concentration of geological diversity elements and to define areas with a greater need for protection when planning the management of human activities in natural areas. Finally, the flight simulator tool, which was implemented in the free virtual globe and controlled using a keyboard or joystick, allows you to “fly” through the projected geological mapping of Arribes Del Duero Natural Park or view the parametric mapping and geodiversity in the newly created Quilamas Natural Area. Interoperability with the Google Maps application allows you to identify and observe the outcrops of the various geological materials in natural or anthropic terrain cuts.

Multi-scale Web Mapping for Geoheritage Visualisation and Promotion

Due to the renewed interest for sites of geological interest, both in nature conservation and tourist sectors, numerous regional and national geosite inventories have been carried out in several countries during the last two decades. For this purpose, various assessment methods have been developed and published. The issue of the representation of the results of inventories—in particular, the mapping system, the question of updating data—remains open. Moreover, if in the field of nature conservation, practitioners are used to working with GIS, it is not the case in the tourist sector where data must be delivered to the users in open-access and easy-to-use formats. This paper discusses what opportunities of web mapping methods and techniques there are in the domain of geoheritage assessment and promotion. A web mapping application in Google Maps application programming interface (API) framework is proposed to disseminate the results of geosite inventories carried out in Switzerland both at national and regional scales. The interest of the proposed application is discussed according to three main criteria: mapping interests and limitations, management purposes and interpretive issues.

GoogleMap Application Development in Android Platform

Application based on GoogleMap API is one of the most frequently usage of Android. Compared with normal android development, the processes and tools of map development are all different. The development environment construction is detailed in the paper. And the detail development processes of GoogleMap application are proposed by a simple case. The process of applying a GoogleMap API key is introduced and the key problems in the above process are emphasized. The paper is a good example of map application development in android platform.

Decision Support System for the Response to Infectious Disease Emergencies Based on WebGIS and Mobile Services in China

BackgroundFor years, emerging infectious diseases have appeared worldwide and threatened the health of people. The emergence and spread of an infectious-disease outbreak are usually unforeseen, and have the features of suddenness and uncertainty. Timely understanding of basic information in the field, and the collection and analysis of epidemiological information, is helpful in making rapid decisions and responding to an infectious-disease emergency. Therefore, it is necessary to have an unobstructed channel and convenient tool for the collection and analysis of epidemiologic information in the field.Methodology/Principal FindingsBaseline information for each county in mainland China was collected and a database was established by geo-coding information on a digital map of county boundaries throughout the country. Google Maps was used to display geographic information and to conduct calculations related to maps, and the 3G wireless network was used to transmit information collected in the field to the server. This study established a decision support system for the response to infectious-disease emergencies based on WebGIS and mobile services (DSSRIDE). The DSSRIDE provides functions including data collection, communication and analyses in real time, epidemiological detection, the provision of customized epidemiological questionnaires and guides for handling infectious disease emergencies, and the querying of professional knowledge in the field. These functions of the DSSRIDE could be helpful for epidemiological investigations in the field and the handling of infectious-disease emergencies.Conclusions/SignificanceThe DSSRIDE provides a geographic information platform based on the Google Maps application programming interface to display information of infectious disease emergencies, and transfers information between workers in the field and decision makers through wireless transmission based on personal computers, mobile phones and personal digital assistants. After a 2-year practice and application in infectious disease emergencies, the DSSRIDE is becoming a useful platform and is a useful tool for investigations in the field carried out by response sections and individuals. The system is suitable for use in developing countries and low-income districts.

Social disparities in tree canopy and park accessibility: A case study of six cities in Illinois using GIS and remote sensing

Easy access to green space and the presence of lush tree canopy in neighborhoods provide substantial psychophysical benefits to residents. However, these urban amenities are often unevenly distributed between white and racial/ethnic minority residents. In this study, we investigated racial/ethnic disparities in access to parks and tree canopy using a geographic information system (GIS) and remote-sensing techniques in six Illinois cities. An accessibility index based on a new Google Maps application programming interface (API) was used to calculate walking distances between points of origins and parks, and integrated classification techniques were applied to calculate the amount of tree canopy. Kernel-smoothing function was applied to both canopy and park layers to transform point value to continuous surface value. Both ordinary regression and spatial regression were used to find the relationship.The results of this study show that racial/ethnic minorities have less tree canopy in their neighborhoods, but it did not find significant differences in terms of access to parks. Spatial regression was determined to be an effective modeling approach for the data used in this study. Methods used in this study can be extended to study accessibility to various destinations using different means of transit, and the results can guide intervention programs to help reduce environmental inequity.

Crowd Sourcing for Conservation: Web 2.0 a Powerful Tool for Biologists

The advent and adoption of Web 2.0 technologies offers a powerful approach to enhancing the capture of information in natural resource ecology, notably community knowledge of species distributions. Such information has previously been collected using, for example, postal surveys; these are typically inefficient, with low response rates, high costs, and requiring respondents to be spatially literate. Here we describe an example, using the Google Maps Application Programming Interface, to discuss the opportunities such tools provide to conservation biology. Toad Tracker was created as a prototype to demonstrate the utility of this technology to document the distribution of an invasive vertebrate pest species, the cane toad, within Australia. While the technological aspects of this tool are satisfactory, manager resistance towards its use raises issues around the public nature of the technology, the collaborative (non-expert) role in data collection, and data ownership. We conclude in suggesting that, for such tools to be accepted by non-innovation adopters, work is required on both the technological aspects and, importantly, a cultural change is required to create an environment of acceptance of the shifting relationship between authority, expertise and knowledge.

Abstract 4: The Impact of an Emergency Medical Services Hospital Bypass Protocol on Reperfusion Time for Patients with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)

Background: As part of a statewide STEMI regionalization program, North Carolina implemented statewide emergency medical service protocols, which encouraged that STEMI patients should be sent directly to a PCI-capable hospital, potentially bypassing hospitals without PCI capacities. We assessed EMS adherence to this protocol, predictors of bypass, and subsequent association of this with patient treatment times and outcomes. Methods: We linked data from the ACTION-GWTG registry and the EMS Pre-hospital Medical Information System (PreMIS) from 06/2008 to 09/2010. Using a Google map application, we selected EMS transported patients that either 1) bypassed a closer non-PCI hospital and went directly to a PCI center, or 2) were first taken to a non-PCI center and subsequently transferred for PCI.’ We determined predictors of bypass using multivariable logistic regression modeling accounting for clustering within hospital referral regions. Time from first-medical-contact (FMC) to PCI/reperfusion and in-hospital mortality were compared between groups. Results: Among 1224 eligible STEMI patients, 765 (63%) underwent bypass to a PCI facility while 479 (37%) were first treated at a non-PCI hospital and then transferred for PCI. Adjusted predictors of undergoing bypass were white race (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.02-1.84), chief complaint of chest pain (OR 2.08, 95%CI 1.46-2.95), having received a pre-hospital 12-lead electrocardiogram (OR 2.14, 95%CI 1.10-4.15), cardiogenic shock (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.22-2.72), and a prior history of PCI (OR 1.66, 95% 1.11-2.50). Time from FMC to PCI was 95 min (IQR 77-117) in the bypass group vs 179 min (IQR 138-288) in the non-bypass group, p-value for difference &lt;0.0001. Time from FMC to initial reperfusion therapy (PCI or fibrinolysis) was 94 min (IQR, 76-116) in the bypass group vs. 124 (IQR, 67-179) in the non-bypass group, p for difference &lt;0.0001. Crude inhospital mortality was lower in the bypass group vs. the non-bypass group (6.3% vs. 9.4%, p-value for difference = 0.046). Conclusions: After implementation of a statewide STEMI regionalization program, 2/3 of EMS transported patients bypassed a closer non-PCI center and went directly to a PCI-capable center. Patients who bypassed and went directly to PCI capable centers had significantly more rapid reperfusion times and lower mortality compared with patients not undergoing EMS.

A novel web-based system for tropical cyclone analysis and prediction

A web-based system is developed for the analysis and prediction of tropical cyclones, particularly their landfalls and recurvatures. To facilitate accessibility to the system, its development is based on Google Maps application programming interface (API), Java and client/server architecture. In addition to the construction of a powerful query system for the multi-source, multi-scale and multi-level tropical cyclone database, data mining approach and dynamic modelling approach have been implemented and integrated for effective and efficient analysis, prediction and visualization of tropical cyclone movements. The system can be accessed worldwide by researchers, professionals and the general public. It is thus a powerful system for research, real-life application and knowledge dissemination. Its extensibility and user-friendliness pave the road for further development and enable more in-depth analysis and real-time operation.