Goods Industry Research Articles

Predictors of Purchase Decision: The Combined Effects of Business Sustainability Support and Purchase Intention

This study investigates the effects of business sustainability support (Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Brand Equity, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)) on purchasing decisions, with Purchase Intention serving as a mediating variable, among Tupperware consumers. In the face of intense competition within the plastic-based household goods industry, Tupperware has encountered declining sales, prompting the necessity for innovation and effective marketing strategies. Employing a causal quantitative approach, this study engaged 80 Tupperware consumer respondents and utilized the Structural Equation Model (SEM) for data analysis, employing the Smart PLS 3.0 program. The findings revealed that Brand Equity and CSR exert a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions, while CRM did not exhibit significance. Furthermore, Purchase Intention was found to mediate the positive impact of CRM, Brand Equity, and CSR on purchasing decisions.

Pengaruh Remunerasi Direksi terhadap Nilai Perusahaan yang Dimediasi oleh Agency Cost pada Consumer Goods Industry yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

This research aims to determine whether providing compensation to the board of directors can enhance the company's value. The theory utilized in this study is agency theory, which explores the relationship between owners and managers with a separation of power that leads to agency problems. The sample was collected using purposive sampling from companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the period of 2019-2021. A total of 144 samples were examined using SmartPLS 3.0 to test the inner model and specific indirect effects. The structural model evaluation, known as the inner model, comprised tests for the determinant coefficient (R2), path coefficient, and hypothesis testing. The research model yielded an R2 value of 11%, indicating its weakness. The research concludes that compensation has a significant positive influence on company value, compensation has a significant negative impact on agency costs, agency costs have a significant negative effect on company value, and agency costs can mediate the relationship between compensation and company value.

Effects of PFAS on human liver transporters: implications for health outcomes.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become internationally recognized over the past three decades as persistent organic pollutants used in the production of various consumer and industrial goods. Research efforts continue to gauge the risk that historically used, and newly produced, PFAS may cause to human health. Numerous studies report toxic effects of PFAS on the human liver as well as increased serum cholesterol levels in adults. A major concern with PFAS, also dubbed "forever chemicals," is that they accumulate in the liver and kidney and persist in serum. The mechanisms responsible for their disposition and excretion in humans are poorly understood. A better understanding of the interaction of PFAS with liver transporters, as it pertains to the disposition of PFAS and other xenobiotics, could provide mechanistic insight into human health effects and guide efforts toward risk assessment of compounds in development. This review summarizes the current state of the literature on the emerging relationships (eg, substrates, inhibitors, modulators of gene expression) between PFAS and specific hepatic transporters. The adaptive and toxicological responses of hepatocytes to PFAS that reveal linkages to pathologies and epidemiological findings are highlighted. The evidence suggests that our understanding of the molecular landscape of PFAS must improve to determine their impact on the expression and function of hepatocyte transporters that play a key role in PFAS or other xenobiotic disposition. From here, we can assess what role these changes may have in documented human health outcomes.

Facile ligand-regulated synthesis of defective Fe-MOF nanosheets for efficient tetracycline degradation via photoassisted enhanced activation of persulfate

In this work, defective Fe-based metal organic framework (Fe-MOF) were synthesized by a simple and eco-friendly method, in which the benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) ligand was partially replaced by cheap terephthalic acid (TPA) to regulate the crystalline morphology, pore structure and ligand defects. At BTC/TPA = 5/3, 4/4 and 3/5 (molar ratio), lamellar crystal (1-Fe-MOF), a mixture of lamellar crystal and nanosheets (2-Fe-MOF), and nanosheets (3-Fe-MOF) were obtained, respectively, which were distinctly different from the octahedral Fe-MOF. In the visible-light-driven persulfate (PS) activation coupled system, 3-Fe-MOF exhibited highest catalytic activity for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). 96.5% of TCH was removal within 20 min and the degradation kinetics rate of 0.144 min−1 was 3.5 times higher than that over the intact Fe-MOF. The enhancement in degradation activity was mainly attributed to the emergence of mesoporous structure, exposure of more metal active sites, and accelerated Fe2+/Fe3+ cycling due to more efficient charge separation and electron transfer efficiency, which favored the generation and dominant role of ∙SO4− in TCH degradation. Furthermore, demethylation, deamidation, double-bond oxidation and ring-opening reactions were inferred as the two possible degradation pathways of TCH in 3-Fe-MOF/PS/Vis system. This study provides useful guidance for the design of novel and sustainable MOFs with good application performance and industrialization potential.

The role of the EU in supporting Ukraine’s economy during the war: prospects for relationship development

The article focuses on the issues of the russian war against Ukraine, which has caused significant damage to the Ukrainian economy. In this difficult situation, the EU plays a key role in supporting Ukraine by providing financial, economic, and humanitarian assistance. The study of the EU’s role in this area and the determination of prospects for the development of relations between Ukraine and the EU in the context of post-war reconstruction are extremely important. The article explores and analyzes the role of the EU in supporting the Ukrainian economy during the war, as well as identifies the prospects for the development of relations between Ukraine and the EU in the context of post-war reconstruction. The paper argues for a comprehensive analysis of the EU’s role in supporting the Ukrainian economy during the war, identifying promising areas for the development of relations between Ukraine and the EU in the context of post-war reconstruction, and developing practical recommendations for strengthening cooperation between Ukraine and the EU. The article substantiates and evaluates the role of the EU in supporting the Ukrainian economy during the war. It identifies promising areas for the development of relations between Ukraine and the EU. It develops practical recommendations for strengthening cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the context of post-war reconstruction. The article argues that Ukraine’s imports from the EU may increase after joining the EU, as Ukrainian consumers will gain access to a wider range of goods at competitive prices. Accordingly, there will be changes in the structure of trade. Exports of agricultural products from Ukraine may decrease, while exports of industrial goods may increase. The article emphasizes that Ukraine needs to make a lot of efforts to prepare for EU membership. However, EU membership can bring Ukraine many benefits, including: economic growth; improving the standard of living; strengthening democracy.

An Empirical Analysis of Brand Loyalty and Marketing Strategies in the FMCG Sector of China

This study examines the complex connection involving brand loyalty and marketing strategies in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry, with a focus on the importance of innovative marketing techniques in fostering consumer loyalty. The study utilizes a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative data from consumer surveys with qualitative insights from industry expert interviews. This methodology allows for a full analysis of current marketing trends and their effectiveness. The study initially examines crucial determinants that impact brand loyalty in the FMCG industry, encompassing product quality, pricing, customer service, & brand perception. The text analyzes the effects of several marketing methods, such as digital marketing, personalized communication, and environmentally friendly initiatives, on key factors that influence customer loyalty. The investigation indicates that digital marketing & personalization are strong indicators of brand loyalty, illustrating a change in customer preferences towards firms that provide more customized and captivating experiences. The study examines the difficulties encountered by FMCG companies in efficiently implementing these tactics, including the need to strike a balance between cost and effectiveness, handling both online and offline channels, including aligning marketing strategies with the swiftly evolving customer expectations. The paper provides strategic advice for FMCG companies seeking to improve brand loyalty. It suggests that adopting customer-centric & adaptive marketing tactics is essential for long-term success in the competitive FMCG industry. This research enhances the comprehension of the complex relationship between brand loyalty and marketing in the FMCG sector by presenting factual facts and strategic insights. It provides essential information for both academic studies and practical implementation.

Natural and synthetic isoprene rubbers obtained using Ziegler–Natta catalysts

Objectives. To compare the properties of rubber compounds and rubbers based on natural rubber RSS1 and synthetic isoprene rubbers obtained using Ti, Nd, Gd catalysts, both when used individually in the formulation of rubber compounds and when synthetic analogues partially replace natural rubber.Methods. Rubber compounds were prepared using a laboratory roll and a 100 cm3 rubber mixer. For rubber compounds, the following factors were determined: Mooney viscosity, cohesive strength, and vulcanization characteristics. For rubbers, the following factors were determined: physical and mechanical parameters, Shore A hardness, rebound resilience, and volume loss upon abrasion.Results. Based on the results of the rubber compound tests, the study showed that compounds based on all the synthetic polyisoprenes studied are significantly inferior to compounds based on natural rubber in terms of cohesive strength. The partial replacement of natural rubber with synthetic rubber (regardless of the type of catalytic system) leads to a significant decrease in the cohesive strength of the blends. Despite the differences observed in the properties of the rubber compounds, the results of the rubbers based on individual rubbers do not manifest significant differences.Conclusions. The study demonstrated the influence of defects (oligomers, gel, low molecular weight fractions, branches, and 3,4-units) in the structure of synthetic polyisoprenes on the cohesive strength index of rubber compounds based on them, in which the number of 3,4-units plays a decisive role. The study also showed the potential of studying synthetic polyisoprenes as analogues of natural rubber in formulations of rubber compounds in the aims of resolving the problem of import substitution in the tire and rubber goods industry.

Survey of Pharmaceutical Industry's Best Practices around In Vitro Transporter Assessment and Implications for Drug Development: Considerations from the International Consortium for Innovation and Quality for Pharmaceutical Development Transporter Working Group.

The International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development Transporter Working Group had a rare opportunity to analyze a crosspharma collation of in vitro data and assay methods for the evaluation of drug transporter substrate and inhibitor potential. Experiments were generally performed in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Discrepancies, such as not considering the impact of preincubation for inhibition and free or measured in vitro drug concentrations, may be due to the retrospective nature of the dataset and analysis. Lipophilicity was a frequent indicator of crosstransport inhibition (P-gp, BCRP, OATP1B, and OCT1), with high molecular weight (MW ≥500 Da) also common for OATP1B and BCRP inhibitors. A high level of overlap in in vitro inhibition across transporters was identified for BCRP, OATP1B1, and MATE1, suggesting that prediction of DDIs for these transporters will be common. In contrast, inhibition of OAT1 did not coincide with inhibition of any other transporter. Neutrals, bases, and compounds with intermediate-high lipophilicity tended to be P-gp and/or BCRP substrates, whereas compounds with MW <500 Da tended to be OAT3 substrates. Interestingly, the majority of in vitro inhibitors were not reported to be followed up with a clinical study by the submitting company, whereas those compounds identified as substrates generally were. Approaches to metabolite testing were generally found to be similar to parent testing, with metabolites generally being equally or less potent than parent compounds. However, examples where metabolites inhibited transporters in vitro were identified, supporting the regulatory requirement for in vitro testing of metabolites to enable integrated clinical DDI risk assessment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A diverse dataset showed that transporter inhibition often correlated with lipophilicity and molecular weight (>500 Da). Overlapping transporter inhibition was identified, particularly that inhibition of BCRP, OATP1B1, and MATE1 was frequent if the compound inhibited other transporters. In contrast, inhibition of OAT1 did not correlate with the other drug transporters tested.

CUSTOMER SEGMENTATION: IDENTIFY DISTINCT CUSTOMER GROUPS BASED ON BEHAVIOR AND DEMOGRAPHICS, ALLOWING FOR TARGETED CAMPAIGNS AND CONTENT FOR EACH SEGMENT

In today's fiercely competitive economic climate, I see the insurance industry as having the most opportunity for growth and success. With growth rates of 70–80% and 12–15% respectively, the insurance and fast-moving consumer goods industries are the world's fastest-growing. I am attracted to this business and its potential for advancement since Life Insurance Corporation of India has given me the opportunity to work and gain experience in a highly competitive and enhancing domain. Distribution channels play a vital role in the success of many market companies that strive for a good market share by making items and services easily accessible to clients. Agents and agency holders are the only distribution channels available in the insurance market. If the correct amount of agents are employed, insurance companies such as MAX, RELIANCE LIFE INSURANCE, and TATA AIG may be able to capture an excessive piece of the market. Agents are the exclusive means by which insurance firms can disperse their benefits and goods. communicating the company's principles and goals to potential customers, particularly those from marginalized communities.

Sustainable waste management and organizational performance of food and beverage firms

Purpose: Evidence shows that Numerous sustainability measures have been put in place to mitigate the huge impact of uncontrollable solid waste disposal. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of waste management on the performance of food and beverage firms. Research Methodology: The study surveyed nine (9) food and beverage firms, and data were collected with the use of questionnaire from a sample population of one hundred and fifty-one (151) respondents, through a simple random technique. The multiple regression analysis contained in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) IBM version 23 was used to analyze the data obtained from the field of study. Results: The findings from this study revealed a positive significant impact of recycling on resource conservation, while the second finding showed a negative impact of waste incineration on employee health and safety. Limitations: Waste includes solid, liquid, and gas components. However, prior studies have focused on other forms of waste and industrial goods manufacturing firms, specifically solid waste, as the interest area covered only food and beverage manufacturing firms. Contribution: This study addresses one of the major issues related to global warming that occurs as a result of waste dumping and excessive burning. This study has helped curb these challenges by recycling waste and conserving untapped resources for sustainable performance and the healthy coexistence of humans

The Impact of Anti-Dumping Measures on the Export of Intermediate Goods in Chinese Manufacturing Industry - Based on the perspective of ownership of importing firms

Abstract This paper links the OECD-ICIOMNE database with the OECD analytical AMNE database. Based on the ownership of importing countries' enterprises, it dissects the scale of intermediate product exports in the Chinese manufacturing industry. Furthermore, it combines this analysis with the Temporary Trade Barriers Database to explore the heterogeneous effects of anti-dumping measures on the scale of intermediate product exports. The study finds that: (1) The scale of intermediate product exports from the Chinese manufacturing industry to domestically owned enterprises in importing countries is higher than that to the third-country multinational corporations within the importing country, with the lowest scale observed for exports to Chinese multinational corporations located within importing countries' borders. (2) Under the impact of anti-dumping measures, the negative effect on the scale of intermediate product exports to domestically owned enterprises in importing country is greater than that on exports to the third-country multinational corporations within the importing country. However, exports to Chinese multinational corporations within importing countries' borders don’t experience a significant impact. (3) The endowment of factors in Chinese manufacturing industries and the regions to which importing countries belong will lead to heterogeneous impacts on the relationship between anti-dumping measures and the scale of intermediate product exports. Keywords: Scale of Intermediate Product Export, Importing Country, Domestically Owned Enterprise, Chinese Multinational Corporation, Third-country Multinational Corporation.

Pengaruh Profitabilitas dan Likuiditas terhadap Opini Audit Going Concern

This research aims to find out how Profitability and Liquidity influence Going Concern Audit Opinions in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2021–2023 period. The population in this study are manufacturing companies in the Consumer Goods Industry sector listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2021–2023 period. Sampling was carried out using the Purposive Sampling method. The type of data used is secondary data. The results of this research show that the Profitability variable has a significant negative effect on the Going Concern Audit Opinion, while the Liquidity variable does not have a significant effect on the Going Concern Audit Opinion. However, the variables Profitability and Liquidity simultaneously have a significant effect on the Going Concern Audit Opinion.

Planning, Optimization and Development of River Transportation in Supporting The Development of Mega City IKN, Balikpapan and Samarinda

This research aims to plan, increase the potential and optimize river transportation in the IKN area, Balikpapan City and Samarinda which can become one of the driving forces of the economy by moving people and goods more efficiently and integrated between other modes of transportation such as road, sea and air networks. River transportation is one of the main choices for the National Capital Region (IKN), Balikpapan City and Samarinda City as the IKN Megapolitan area. Because, the IKN Megapolitan area can be fully accessed by river transportation, and can reduce the burden on land transportation which can cause congestion. This river transportation is specifically related to the movement of passengers and logistics of industrial goods and services as well as food products to the IKN area. Indicators of regional characteristics, such as river physics, existing facilities, ship call data, origin destination data or OD matrix, regional spatial layout, and passenger and goods data are important in river development analysis and strategies. The method used uses descriptive analysis for qualitative data, while statistical analysis analyzes needs and analyzes strategies for developing river transportation in the future. The expected results are in the form of strategy documents, planning and optimization of river transportation development in the IKN region and its surroundings.

The Influence of Net Profit Margin, Return on Asset, Current Ratio, Price Earning Ratio, Solvency Ratio on Market Price

This study aims to analyze the influence of Profit Margin, Return on Assets, Current Ratio, Solvency Ratio on Market Price. Information about company share prices is related to these 5 variables. The data used in this research is the Consumer Good Industry Company (CGIC) which has complete data related to these variables so that the sample obtained is 13 companies in 2019-2022. The data analysis technique used in this research is the selection of a panel data regression model with the Chow test, Hausman test, large range multiplier (LM) test, and parameter significance test. The test results can be concluded that Net Profit Margin (NPM) has a significant effect on Market Price (MP) while Return on Assets (ROA), Current Ratio (CR), Price Earning Ratio (PER), Solvency Ratio (SR) do not have a significant effect on Market Price (MP).

The Influence of Liquidity, Profitability, Company Growth and Capital Structure on Company Value

This research aims to determine the influence of liquidity, profitability, company growth and capital structure on company value. This research was conducted on consumer goods sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2017-2022). The type of research used in this research is explanatory with a quantitative approach. The research results simultaneously state that Profitability, Liquidity, Company Growth and Capital Structure influence Company Value in Consumer Goods Industry companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the period 2017 - 2019. Meanwhile, partial research results state that Liquidity has a significant negative effect on Company Value, profitability has a significant positive effect on Company Value, Company growth has no effect on Company Value and Capital Structure has no effect on Company Value in Consumer Goods Industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017 – 2019. This can be seen based on the calculated t value of -1.068 which is smaller than the t table and the significance value is 0.289 so it can be seen that the value is above 0.05, that H4 which states that Capital Structure has an effect on Company Value is rejected.

Capital Structure, Corporate Governance and Profitability of Listed Industrial Goods Firms in Nigeria

Nowadays, industrial goods firms have experienced draught in debt financing due to the lending preference of financial institutions to firms in the oil and gas sector, corporate failures and financial scandals as well as the overstatements of accounts of some firms in and outside Nigeria blamed to be as a result of account improprieties and ineffective board of directors also Issues of the mixed outcome of previous researches; thus, necessitating and justifying the need for undergoing more investigations into the subject area. The objective of this study is to determine the overall effect of capital structure and corporate governance on profitability with the influence of firm size of the sampled industrial goods firms. The study used multiple regressions as a tool for analysis. The population of the study includes the thirteen (13) industrial goods firms listed by the Nigerian Stock Exchange as of 31st December 2022 out of which ten (10) are considered as sample size. The study employed panel data analysis by using random-effect estimation model as alternatively considered more appropriate. Secondary data explored from the annual reports and accounts of the sampled firms for the period of ten (10) years from 2013 to 2022 were analyzed. The results revealed that Leverage, board size and firm size are negatively significant at 1% level of significance. While board composition is positively significant at 5% level of significance to the profitability of the sampled firms. In view of the findings, it is recommended that the financial managers/ management of the industrial goods firms should have more independent directors of its board size to enhance proper control over the activities of the managers through which profit level would be increased. It is therefore recommended to conduct careful evaluation and take into consideration on leverage, board size and firm size that influence the profitability of their firms before making major business decisions as this will go a long way in improving their profitability.

Analysis of Road Damage Level Using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Method on the Surabaya-Gresik Toll Road, East Java

The Surabaya–Gresik toll road is a crucial infrastructure connecting Surabaya City with Gresik Regency. In industrial areas such as Gresik Regency, this toll road is indeed needed to expedite the flow of industrial goods distribution to Surabaya City. The toll road experiences frequent damage, such as alligator cracking, as it is traversed daily by heavy traffic. If the road, as a connecting infrastructure, is damaged, it will impede the flow of vehicles passing through it. Therefore, road maintenance is necessary to ensure optimal service for passing vehicles. In this research, an analysis of road damage on the Surabaya – Gresik toll road seeks solutions for addressing these issues utilizing the method of Pavement Condition Index (PCI). The method involves several stages, including a survey of road conditions, determination of severity levels, assessment of damage, and determination of pavement condition. The survey was conducted in 100-meter segments from KM 10 to KM 14, revealing various types of damage on the toll road, including alligator cracking, bleeding, corrugation, shoving, potholes, and more. Thereafter, an analysis of the severity level and damage assessment was carried out, resulting in an average PCI value of 68, categorized as a "Good" condition. Based on these findings, it is recommended to address this issue through routine maintenance, including repairing minor damage, patching potholes, sweeping, repairing pavement edge damage, sidewalk maintenance, side channel and complementary building drainage, road equipment, and roadside maintenance.

A Study on Economic Growth of India: A Focus on the FMCG Sector

The Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector, holding the rank of the fourth-largest segment in India's economy, exerts considerable influence on both the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment landscape. It serves as a key driver of job opportunities across various stages of its supply chain, spanning manufacturing, distribution, retail, and marketing. This paper presents an analysis of the FMCG sector's growth in India, fuelled by consumer-driven expansion and escalated prices, particularly in essential commodities. As of December 2022, the FMCG market has achieved a noteworthy value of US$ 56.8 billion. Forecasts indicate a robust upward trajectory, with total revenue projected to soar at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 27.9% from 2021 to 2027, reaching an estimated US$ 615.87 billion. In 2022, the urban segment accounted for 65% of the sector's contributions, while rural areas comprised over 35% of the overall annual FMCG sales. Factors such as favourable harvests and government spending are expected to be instrumental in revitalizing rural demand in the fiscal year 2024. Overall the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry emerges as a dynamic and essential component of the global economy, making substantial contributions to both revenue generation and employment creation.

Incorporating supply and production digital twins to mitigate demand disruptions in multi-echelon networks

In today's globalized environment, supply chain (SC) and manufacturing operations are intrinsically linked to satisfy consumer demand. Faced with rising preferences for personalized goods, convenience, and price competitiveness, many companies pivot towards e-commerce strategies and product family approaches to offer wider product varieties and shorten delivery times. This is evident in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry, where multi-echelon networks are often utilized to optimize inventory and lower costs. While these methods can fulfill consumer expectations, decreased network resilience is a key obstacle, leaving supply networks vulnerable to supply and demand disruptions. Hence, a holistic approach is required to mitigate disruptions impacts in multi-echelon networks. As a digital enabler, digital twin (DT) technology can manage disruptions in SC networks and manufacturing shop floors. However, these solutions typically operate in silos without context considerations, resulting in illogical solutions. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes a novel supply and production (S&P) DT system to enhance resilience and disruption management in multi-echelon networks. A four-tier technology stack is introduced first, then resilience evaluation, SC replanning, and shop floor rescheduling methods are explored. Based on this, a DT-enabled disruption mitigation mechanism is proposed and featured in an F&B-oriented demand spike disruption case study. Results show the role of the hybrid S&P DT system in improving demand fulfillment rate and reducing production make span to enhance operational continuity.

Influence of boriding on the tribological behavior of AISI D2 tool steel for dry deep drawing of stainless steel and aluminum

Deep drawing of stainless steel and aluminum is a widely adopted method for manufacturing various industrial goods. However, the wear damage produced to die tools is a recurring problem in these processes. While lubricants are often employed to lubricate and reduce die wear, dry deep drawing is the current best alternative for meeting green manufacturing demands. Hence, enhanced solid lubricants or surface treatments for dies are highly required. This study aims to evaluate and compare the tribological behavior of a heat-treated AISI D2 steel and a boriding AISI D2 tool steel against stainless steel (AISI 304) and aluminum alloy (AA 6061 T6) in the absence of lubricant. The boride coating was formed on the AISI D2 steel by the closed-pack boriding technique, resulting in a tooth-saw morphology with an overall thickness of 33.6 μm. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of FeB, Fe2B, and Cr2B3 phases on the surface of the borided AISI D2 tool steel. Notably, the boriding treatment led to a significant increase in the surface hardness of the tool steel, reaching a value of 20.7 GPa. The coefficient of friction (CoF) behavior and wear were evaluated by pin-on-disk tests, simulating conditions similar to those found in cold deep drawing operations. The wear surfaces were analyzed by optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results suggest boriding as a suitable treatment to reduce wear damage on the surface of deep drawing dies used for stainless steel and aluminum forming processes in the absence of lubricant. Two-body abrasion and adhesion were identified as the main wear mechanisms in AISI D2 steel against stainless steel and aluminum, with a significant amount of oxidation observed when aluminum was tested. Additionally, a reduction of approximately 20 % in the CoF was observed when employing borided tool steel against stainless steel. However, there was an observed increase of around 75 % in the CoF when the borided tool steel was tested against aluminum.