Good User Research Articles

Uncovering the Daily Experiences of People Living With Advanced Cancer Using an Experience Sampling Method Questionnaire: Development, Content Validation, and Optimization Study.

The experience sampling method (ESM), a self-report method that typically uses multiple assessments per day, can provide detailed knowledge of the daily experiences of people with cancer, potentially informing oncological care. The use of the ESM among people with advanced cancer is limited, and no validated ESM questionnaires have been developed specifically for oncology. This study aims to develop, content validate, and optimize the digital Experience Sampling Method for People Living With Advanced Cancer (ESM-AC) questionnaire, covering multidimensional domains and contextual factors. A 3-round mixed methods study was designed in accordance with the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer guidelines. The study included semistructured interviews with 43 people with stage IV breast cancer or stage III to IV lung cancer and 8 health care professionals. Round 1 assessed the appropriateness, relative importance, relevance, and comprehensiveness of an initial set of ESM items that were developed based on the existing questionnaires. Round 2 tested the comprehensibility of ESM items. Round 3 tested the usability of the digital ESM-AC questionnaire using the m-Path app. Analyses included descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. Following the first round, we developed an initial core set of 68 items (to be used with all patients) and a supplementary set (optional; patients select items), both covering physical, psychological, social, spiritual-existential, and global well-being domains and concurrent contexts in which experiences occur. We categorized items to be assessed multiple times per day as momentary items (eg, "At this moment, I feel tired"), once a day in the morning as morning items (eg, "Last night, I slept well"), or once a day in the evening as evening items (eg, "Today, I felt hopeful"). We used participants' evaluations to optimize the questionnaire items, the digital app, and its onboarding manual. This resulted in the ESM-AC questionnaire, which comprised a digital core questionnaire containing 31 momentary items, 2 morning items, and 7 evening items and a supplementary set containing 39 items. Participants largely rated the digital questionnaire as "easy to use," with an average score of 4.5 (SD 0.5) on a scale from 1 ("completely disagree") to 5 ("completely agree"). We developed the ESM-AC questionnaire, a content-validated digital questionnaire for people with advanced breast or lung cancer. It showed good usability when administered on smartphone devices. Future research should evaluate the potential of this ESM tool to uncover daily experiences of people with advanced breast or lung cancer, explore its clinical utility, and extend its validation to other populations with advanced diseases.

Interprofessional Team Training With Virtual Reality: Acceptance, Learning Outcome, and Feasibility Evaluation Study.

Effective interprofessional teamwork is vital for ensuring high-quality patient care, especially in emergency medicine. However, interprofessional education often fails to facilitate meaningful interaction among health care disciplines. It is therefore imperative to afford early opportunities for cultivating interprofessional teamwork skills. While in-person simulation-based training has been shown to improve performance, this is resource-intensive, especially if it involves multiple professions. Virtual reality (VR)-based training is an innovative instructional approach that demands fewer resources and offers the flexibility of location-independent learning. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the acceptance, learning outcome, and feasibility of an interprofessional team (INTEAM) training course that included a VR simulation of a neurological emergency case. This 1-group study used a pre- and posttest design to evaluate the 2-hour INTEAM training course for nursing and medical students. The course included an e-learning part, VR simulation, and debriefing. The main learning objectives were derived from the entrustable professional activity 6, namely to handle a common problem in emergency medicine (headache due to subarachnoid hemorrhage and epileptic seizure) that requires interprofessional collaboration, including a structured handover. We used validated and self-constructed questionnaires, pre- and posttests, and open questions to assess the acceptance, learning outcome, and feasibility of the course. The data of 42 students (21 nursing and 21 medical students) were analyzed and showed good usability in the System Usability Scale (median 72.5, IQR 65-80). The perception of usefulness (median 6, IQR 5.8-6.9) and ease of use (median 5.9, IQR 5.1-6.3) was good among all students. There was a significant increase in the handover performance from pre- (median 8, IQR 6-9) to posttraining (median 8, IQR 7-9; z=-2.01; P=.045; r=0.33) and of the confidence in caring for patients with seizures (median 3, IQR 2-3 and median 3.5, IQR 3-4, respectively; z=-3.8; P<.001; r=0.60). In 67% (14/21) of the simulations, technical issues occurred, but all simulations could be carried out completely. The new INTEAM training course was well received by nursing and medical students. The handover skills and confidence in caring for patients with seizures were improved after the course. Despite technical challenges with the VR simulations, none required termination, and this demonstrates that our approach is feasible. These promising results encourage the use of VR simulations for team training in the education of nursing and medical students.

Automated Real-Time Tool for Promoting Crisis Resource Use for Suicide Risk (ResourceBot): Development and Usability Study.

Real-time monitoring captures information about suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) as they occur and offers great promise to learn about STBs. However, this approach also introduces questions about how to monitor and respond to real-time information about STBs. Given the increasing use of real-time monitoring, there is a need for novel, effective, and scalable tools for responding to suicide risk in real time. The goal of this study was to develop and test an automated tool (ResourceBot) that promotes the use of crisis services (eg, 988) in real time through a rule-based (ie, if-then) brief barrier reduction intervention. ResourceBot was tested in a 2-week real-time monitoring study of 74 adults with recent suicidal thoughts. ResourceBot was deployed 221 times to 36 participants. There was high engagement with ResourceBot (ie, 87% of the time ResourceBot was deployed, a participant opened the tool and submitted a response to it), but zero participants reported using crisis services after engaging with ResourceBot. The most reported reasons for not using crisis services were beliefs that the resources would not help, wanting to handle things on one's own, and the resources requiring too much time or effort. At the end of the study, participants rated ResourceBot with good usability (mean of 75.6 out of 100) and satisfaction (mean of 20.8 out of 32). This study highlights both the possibilities and challenges of developing effective real-time interventions for suicide risk and areas for refinement in future work.

Development, Content Validity and Usability of a Self-Assessment Instrument for the Lifestyle of Breast Cancer Survivors in Brazil

Background/Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally, and it negatively impacts diet and quality of life, increasing the risk of recurrence. Adhering to World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) lifestyle guidelines, such as healthy eating habits and nutritional status, can help in primary and secondary cancer prevention. However, no questionnaire was found for self-assessment of these guidelines for the Brazilian population. The aim of this study is to carry out content validity, pilot, and usability testing of the self-administered digital instrument “PrevCancer” assessing adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations in Brazilian female breast cancer survivors. Methods: We conducted a psychometric study that involved the development of an instrument based on WCRF/AICR recommendations. Assessment of content validity involved the Content Validity Index (CVI) based on expert assessments (n = 7). The pilot study involved the System Usability Scale (SUS) after applying the developed instrument (n = 65) and anthropometric assessment for convergent validity by female participants (n = 55). The final usability test consisted of evaluating the satisfaction with the instrument of women with breast cancer (n = 14). Results: The “PrevCancer” instrument demonstrated good content (CVI = 1.0) as well as good usability and acceptability in the pilot study (mean SUS score = 88.1). The convergent validity stage demonstrated positive associations between the PrevCancer parameters and anthropometric parameters (p &lt; 0.001). In the final usability study (mean SUS score = 90.3), participants’ receptivity to the instrument was excellent. Conclusions: The PrevCancer instrument had valid content and great usability by the target population, proving to be a useful tool for future cancer research.

Review of QoS-aware resource allocation schemes for 5g networks

Resource management in wireless networks refers to the processes and techniques used to allocate, control, and optimize the various resources in a wireless communication system to ensure efficient and reliable operation. These resources typically include spectrum (frequency bands), power, time slots, and network infrastructure (e.g., base stations, access points). Effective resource management is crucial for maximizing network performance, ensuring Quality of Service (QoS), and providing a good user experience, especially in environments with limited resources and high demand. Quality of Service (QoS) refers to the ability of the network to provide different levels of service quality to various types of traffic, applications, and users. QoS in 5G is essential due to the diverse range of services the network is designed to support, each with its own specific requirements for performance metrics such as latency, reliability, bandwidth, and availability. In this paper, we study how the QoS-aware resource allocation procedure is handled in wireless networks. Different resource management techniques were studied and also the paper looked at some of the existing QoS-aware resources allocation schemes by highlighting the operation, strength and weakness and the QoS parameters considered by each of the schemes.

Pengembangan Antarmuka Pengguna (User Interface) Sistem Pengelolaan Beasiswa Berbasis Website dengan Pendekatan Cognitive Walkthrough

An effective user interface (UI) is crucial in a web-based scholarshipmanagement system to ensure a good user experience and easy accessibility toinformation. However, many users still encounter difficulties using the existingsystem, necessitating a better design. This study aims to evaluate and improve theuser interface of the scholarship management system using the CognitiveWalkthrough approach. The Cognitive Walkthrough approach is used to identifyusability issues in the user interface. A prototype of the design solution was thentested through usability testing involving seven evaluators and five different taskscenarios using Maze. The results show that all evaluators were able to completethe task scenarios with a category 1 rating (no issues), although four evaluators experienced minor issues in task scenarios 1 and 2. Evaluators were slightlyconfused when searching for the latest requirements information and the ineffectiveuse of buttons. By implementing the suggested improvements based on the findingsfrom the Cognitive Walkthrough, the user interface in the scholarship managementsystem can be significantly enhanced, facilitating users in accessing the requiredinformation.

Wearable smart glasses for first‐person video analysis to evaluate nursing skills: A pilot study with a mixed method design

AbstractBackgroundComprehensive assessment of skills and performance are necessary to improve the quality of care in nursing education. Various factors pose challenges to accurate assessments, including high student–teacher ratio and observer bias.ObjectivesTo establish an assessment system based on first‐person video of smart glasses and validate its usability and feasibility.MethodsWe used two cameras (smart glasses for first‐person perspective and a web cam) to perform video analysis for skill and performance assessments. Usability tests were conducted using quantitative and qualitative questionnaires for the usefulness and acceptability of the current assessment system. Data from standardised checklists for three clinical nursing skills (intramuscular injection, endotracheal suction, and Levin tube feeding) were used to analyse the inter‐rater reliability in addition to Fleiss' Kappa coefficient analysis. A total of 22 participants (18 students and 4 reviewers) were recruited. They completed the study. Apart from physical discomfort component, the proposed smart glasses‐based first‐person video assessment system achieved good usability scores from both students and reviewers.Results and ConclusionsFleiss' Kappa values for individual items ranged from 0.450 to 0.808, with an overall average value of 0.592. Results of this study validated the potential of smart glasses‐based assessment system where a set of beneficial mechanisms may meaningfully support the formative learning process. However, issues regarding upgrading the device and need for guidelines for roles of raters and students still remain.

Usability in human-robot collaborative workspaces

AbstractThis study explores the usability of human-robot collaboration in the previously under-researched field of forestry and agroforestry. The robotic platforms used were Boston Dynamics Spot and the Agile X Bunker, the latter equipped with a movable arm. The research was conducted in an experimental robotic test park, simulating real-world scenarios relevant to forestry and agriculture. The focus of this study is on the use of these robots as collaborative robots (cobots). Usability, as a central characteristic in human-computer interaction, was evaluated using the well-established System Usability Scale (SUS). The results demonstrate the potential of these robotic systems to enhance productivity and safety, while also underscoring the importance of user-centered design in the development of collaborative tools. A key finding of this work is that successful integration of AI-driven technologies in sectors such as forestry and agriculture requires a focus on human-centered AI which includes good usability, and accessibility, emphasizing the importance of the concept of universal access.

Optimizing the Measurement of Information on the Context of Alcohol Consumption Within the Drink Less App Among People Drinking at Increasing and Higher Risk Levels: Mixed-Methods Usability Study.

There is a growing public health evidence base focused on understanding the links between drinking contexts and alcohol consumption. However, the potential value of developing context-based interventions to help people drinking at increasing and higher risk levels to cut down remains underexplored. Digital interventions, such as apps, offer significant potential for delivering context-based interventions as they can collect contextual information and flexibly deliver personalized interventions while addressing barriers associated with face-to-face interventions, such as time constraints. This early phase study aimed to identify the best method for collecting information on the contexts of alcohol consumption among users of an alcohol reduction app by comparing 2 alternative drinking diaries in terms of user engagement, data quality, usability, and acceptability. Participants were recruited using the online platform Prolific and were randomly assigned to use 1 of the 2 adapted versions of the Drink Less app for 14 days. Tags (n=31) included tags for location, motivation, and company that participants added to drink records. Occasion type (n=31) included a list of occasion types that participants selected from when adding drink records. We assessed engagement and data quality with app data, usability with a validated questionnaire, and acceptability with semistructured interviews. Quantitative findings on engagement, data quality, and app usability were good overall, with participants using the app on most days (tags: mean 12.23, SD 2.46 days; occasion type: mean 12.39, SD 2.12 days). However, around 40% of drinking records in tags did not include company and motivation tags. Mean usability scores were similar across app versions (tags: mean 72.39, SD 8.10; occasion type: mean 74.23, SD 6.76). Qualitative analysis found that both versions were acceptable to users and were relevant to their drinking occasions, and participants reported increased awareness of their drinking contexts. Several participants reported that the diary helped them to reduce alcohol consumption in some contexts (eg, home or lone drinking) more than others (eg, social drinking) and suggested that they felt less negative affect recording social drinking contexts out of their home. Participants also suggested the inclusion of "work drinks" in both versions and "habit" as a motivation in the tags version. There was no clearly better method for collecting data on alcohol consumption as both methods had good user engagement, usability, acceptability, and data quality. Participants recorded sufficient data on their drinking contexts to suggest that an adapted version of Drink Less could be used as the basis for context-specific interventions. The occasion type version may be preferable owing to lower participant burden. A more general consideration is to ensure that context-specific interventions are designed to minimize the risk of unintended positive reinforcement of drinking occasions that are seen as sociable by users.

Supporting emotion regulation in children on the autism spectrum: co-developing a digital mental health application for school-based settings with community partners.

KeepCalm is a digital mental health application, co-designed with community partners, that incorporates wearable biosensing with support for teams to address challenging behaviors and emotion dysregulation in children on the autism spectrum. We followed a user-centered design framework. Before app development, we conducted design workshops, needs assessment interviews, a systematic review, and created an Expert Advisory Board. Once we had a working prototype, we recruited 73 participants to test and help improve the app across five testing cycles. Participants rated the app across testing cycles as highly acceptable, appropriate, feasible, and with good usability. Qualitative data indicated that KeepCalm helped teachers (a) be aware of students' previously unrealized triggers, especially for nonspeaking students; (b) prevent behavioral episodes; (c) communicate with parents about behaviors/strategies; and (d) equipped parents with knowledge of strategies to use at home. We learned that in order to make the app acceptable and appropriate we needed to make the app enjoyable/easy to use and to focus development on novel features that augment teachers' skills (e.g., behavioral pattern and stress detection). We also learned about the importance of maximizing feasibility, through in-person app training/support especially regarding the wearable devices, and the importance of having aides involved. Our findings have informed plans for wider-scale feasibility testing so that we may examine the determinants of implementation to inform adaptations and refinement, and gather preliminary efficacy data on KeepCalm's impact on reducing challenging behaviors and supporting emotion regulation in students on the autism spectrum.

Development and Pilot Study of myfood24 West Africa—An Online Tool for Dietary Assessment in Nigeria

Background and objective: Tools to accurately and efficiently measure dietary intake in Nigeria are lacking. We aimed to develop and assess the usability of a new online dietary assessment tool for Nigeria—myfood24 West Africa. Methods: We developed the myfood24 West Africa database using data from existing food composition tables, packaged foods labels and research articles. The development followed seven steps: identified data sources, selected foods, processed/cleaned the data, calculated the nutrient content of recipes, created and allocated portion sizes, quality-checked the database and developed food accompaniments. To pilot the tool, we recruited 179 university staff in Nigeria using a cross-sectional design. Usability was assessed using a questionnaire that included the System Usability Scale (SUS) and a feedback session. Results: The database included 924 foods, with up to 54 nutrients and 35 portion-size images allocated to foods. Sixty percent of the data were sourced from the 2019 West Africa Food Composition Table, 17% from back-of-pack labels of packaged foods, 14% from the 2017 Nigerian Food Composition Table, 5% from generated recipes and 4% from the published literature. Of the participants, 30% (n = 53) self-recorded their food intake, with a total of 1345 food and drink entries from both self- and interviewer-collected data. The mean SUS score of 74 (95% CI: 68,79) indicated good usability. The feedback showed that the tool was user-friendly, educational and included a variety of local foods. Conclusions: This new tool will enhance the dietary assessment of the Nigerian population. More work will expand coverage to include more foods from the region.

Design and development of an eHealth intervention to support self-management in people with musculoskeletal disorders: 'eHealth: it's TIME'.

This study aimed to co-design and develop a user-centred, theory-based eHealth-mediated self-management support follow-up prototype for adults with musculoskeletal disorders. A three-step system development cycle was employed. Step 1 involved creating intervention features and content, with two focus groups reviewing prioritised eHealth intervention elements based on earlier research. Step 2 involved heuristic testing using Nielsen's 10 heuristic principles. Step 3 incorporated qualitative think-aloud interviews and the System Usability Scale. Republic of Ireland. Step 1 included adults with musculoskeletal disorders (n = 12). Step 2 involved five reviewers. Step 3 included people with musculoskeletal disorders (n = 5) and musculoskeletal physiotherapists (n = 5). Participants in step 1 approved four main intervention components, which map to recognised theoretical frameworks, and suggested increased use of visual and interactive elements. Heuristic testing in step 2 identified design and navigation issues. In Step 3, usability testing, additional navigation, content and design recommendations were identified. The overall median system usability score (interquartile range) was 75 (0) out of 100 for adults with musculoskeletal disorders and 77.5 (2.5) out of 100 for musculoskeletal physiotherapists, indicating good usability. A theory-based, user-centred eHealth-mediated follow-up self-management support prototype has been developed for people with musculoskeletal disorders, with the next steps focusing on feasibility testing in clinical practice, with a more diverse population.

Pengujian Aplikasi Homestay Kosasih: Analisis Fungsionalitas Dan Penerimaan Pengguna Menggunakan Metode Black Box Dan UAT

The research focuses on evaluating the functionality of the Homestay Kosasih application, particularly in terms of user interaction, data management, and user satisfaction. This study combines Black box Testing and UAT methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of the application's quality and performance. The research aims to assess the application's functional features, focusing on user interface, ease of use, and the application's ability to meet user expectations. Through analysis, this study will provide a thorough understanding of the application's quality and also measure the level of user satisfaction with the hotel reservation application, involving assessments of user interface, ease of use, and the application's success in meeting user expectations. The results show that the Homestay Kosasih application exhibits good functionality with 80.9% valid test cases and good user acceptance with an average score of 74.39% from 40 respondents. Therefore, it can be concluded that the entire series of application testing for Homestay Kosasih is deemed good.

Longitudinal study on peak expiratory flow monitoring and its impact on quality of life in childhood asthma

Objective To evaluate the impact of peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring using a smart peak flow (SPF) device on the quality of life (QoL) and satisfaction among children with asthma. Methods This 3-month prospective cohort study enrolled 71 children aged 7 to 17 years with physician-diagnosed asthma. Participants used the SPF device twice daily, with measurements recorded automatically. Quality of life was assessed using the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ), and asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test (ACT) or Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT). Adherence to PEF measurements and satisfaction with the device were evaluated. Results Seventy-one children (mean age 11.4 years) completed the study. Adherence to twice-daily PEF measurements decreased significantly over three months (from 50.0% at 1 month to 39.9% at 3 months, p < 0.001). Children with good adherence (38.0%) showed significant improvements in PAQLQ scores, while those with poor adherence (62.0%) did not. COVID-19 infection resulted in a significant decrease in %PEF rate and increased peak flow variability. Despite device-related issues, overall satisfaction was high (85.19% for good adherence users vs. 88.64% for poor adherence users, p = 0.671). Conclusion Regular PEF monitoring improves QoL in children with asthma by enabling early detection of symptom changes and better management. However, maintaining adherence to regular PEF monitoring is challenging. Further research with control groups is needed to validate these findings.

Batik Scan: Empowering Cultural Heritage Knowledge Through Mobile Innovation

Batik Malaysia, a type of textile art known as Batik originated in Malaysia, especially in the east coast states; Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang. The Batik mostly uses features flower motifs and designs instead of living creatures, such as humans and animals. Even though Malaysian wear it every day, they do not have sufficient knowledge about Batik. Besides, there is a limited number of platforms where Malaysian can get access to the information of Batik in the easiest and fastest way. Hence, this study aims to design and develop a mobile app for batik identification by only capturing the motifs and designs using a camera feature. The app, called as batik scanner, provides quick information related to Batik Malaysia. This app is especially suitable for adults, batik lovers, and new learners. The advances in digital technology play an important role in helping people to identify the type of Batik Malaysia. It also can reduce the effort of new learners and Batik lovers to find out information of Batik. To ensure that users will have a good mobile user experience, an understanding of the importance and limitation of the mobile app features and behaviour is necessary. Therefore, the design thinking approach was applied as the development methodology as it provides a solution-based approach to solving problems. User requirements were gathered through interviews followed by defining the core problems. Next, innovative solutions were identified using the brainstorm technique and mind mapping. Once the batik scanner prototype was completed, user testing was carried out with the targeted respondents to refine the solution. An online form also was distributed to evaluate the usability of the prototype. The results of the evaluation indicate that the Batik Scanner need to improve some of the interface designs. The respondents were also satisfied with the functions of managing the information in the Batik Scanner. The study contributes toward understanding users’ needs in creating the solution to the identified problems. It may serve as a guideline for other developers and researchers to develop similar apps or to enhance the features of Batik Scanner to become better and easier for users.

Quantitative evaluation of pyramid belt wear using light-reflection characteristic of agglomerate coating and image processing

As a new generation of coated abrasive products with a unique pyramid-shaped structure, pyramid belt offers finer and more uniform grinding effects, and has been increasingly applied in precision grinding. However, belt wear occurs inevitably, challenging the control of shape accuracy and surface quality of ground components. Current research on pyramid belt wear is relatively limited, still lacking a universal, rapid method for observing and evaluating belt wear. In response, this paper proposes a quantitative evaluation method for pyramid belt wear using light-reflection characteristic of agglomerate coating and image processing. Firstly, a detailed analysis of the wear types and characteristics of pyramid belt is conducted. Then, focusing on the agglomerate flat wear, a method utilizing the light-reflection characteristic of agglomerate coating for observing belt wear morphology is proposed, enabling clear image capture of belt wear contours. Based on this, a wear coefficient based on the geometric characteristics of agglomerate is defined, and a quantitative evaluation method for belt wear using image processing is further proposed. The wear experiment of the belt is conducted on a robotic belt grinding platform, and experimental results show that the evaluation deviation of the proposed method from the evaluation results based on optical profilometer is within 5% at a 95% confidence interval, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method. Additionally, this method has advantages such as high computational efficiency, low cost, and good usability. Finally, the temporal evolution processes and spatial distribution patterns of belt wear and material removal rate are investigated and analyzed.

Interactive hygiene training using free open source software.

Regular hygiene trainings are an important way to refresh and improve knowledge about hygiene measures and the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. We aimed to develop an e-learning course to allow healthcare workers (HCWs) to learn these contents through a self-paced online format. We developed an interactive hygiene training for HCWs of a tertiary care hospital using different content types of the HTML-5 package (H5P) plugin embedded into a Moodle-based learning management system. We evaluated the course using a short online questionnaire. We present various suitable topics for online hygiene trainings as well as their implementation in an e-learning course. Examples include content on hand hygiene indications and techniques, information on multidrug-resistant organisms and other current topics in infection control. HCWs reported high overall satisfaction, perceived increase in knowledge, practical relevance as well as good usability and comprehensibility. Currently available commercial and non-commercial hygiene trainings present a number of specific advantages but also drawbacks. The presented approach combines the advantages of both approaches. The majority of the presented content can be readily adapted to suit various hospitals and care facilities or serve as inspiration for creating similar courses while remaining cost-effective. H5P course presentations are a low-threshold, cost-effective way to implement digital hygiene trainings in a wide variety of clinical settings.

Characterization of spent nuclear fuel canister surface roughness using surface replicating molds

In this study we present a replication method to determine surface roughness and to identify surface features when a sample cannot be directly analyzed by conventional techniques. As a demonstration, this method was applied to an unused spent nuclear fuel dry storage canister to determine variation across different surface features. In this study, an initial material down-selection was performed to determine the best molding agent and determined that non-modified Polytek PlatSil23-75 provided the most accurate representation of the surface while providing good usability. Other materials that were considered include Polygel Brush-On 35 polyurethane rubber (with and without Pol-ease 2300 release agent), Polytek PlatSil73-25 silicone rubber (with and without PlatThix thickening agent and Pol-ease 2300 release agent), and Express STD vinylpolysiloxane impression putty. The ability of PlatSil73-25 to create an accurate surface replica was evaluated by creating surface molds of several locations on surface roughness standards representing ISO grade surfaces N3, N5, N7, and N8. Overall, the molds were able to accurately reproduce the expected roughness average (Ra) values, but systematically over-estimated the peak-valley maximum roughness (Rz) values. Using a 3D printed sample cell, several locations across the stainless steel spent nuclear fuel canister were sampled to determine the surface roughness. These measurements provided information regarding variability in normal surface roughness across the canister as well as a detailed evaluation on specific surface features (e.g., welds, grind marks, etc.). The results of these measurements can support development of dry storage canister ageing management programs, as surface roughness is an important factor for surface dust deposition and accumulation. This method can be applied more broadly to different surfaces beyond stainless steel to provide rapid, accurate surface replications for analytical evaluation by profilometry.

Expectation and Needs of Medical Students Towards the Implementation of Virtual Simulation in Learning Rational Use of Medicine.

The irrational use of medicines remains prevalent globally despite education efforts, leading to decreased treatment quality and increased healthcare costs. With the rise of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual simulation offers a promising solution to enhance the teaching of rational medicine use among medical students. This study aimed to investigate medical students' perspectives and needs regarding the implementation of virtual simulation in learning the rational use of medicines. This study, conducted at Universitas Indonesia from August 2022 to September 2023, used a mixed-method approach to assess the needs for developing virtual simulation in education of rational medicine use. A validated questionnaire with 14 closed-ended and 14 open-ended questions was completed by 281 medical students. The quantitative data were analysed descriptively, using SPSS v16, while thematic analysis was applied to open-ended responses. Students perceived virtual simulations to be the most effective tool for distance learning and suggested features like case scenarios, realistic representation, a good user interface, and user-friendly navigation. The majority preferred a 10-20-minute duration for virtual simulations. Additionally, 52.3% had no prior knowledge of the rational use of medicines, but acknowledged its importance. Virtual simulations could be used to explain the concept, management, and implementation of the rational use of medicines. Virtual simulation should be implemented in distance learning on rational medicine use to increase students' motivation, understanding, retention, interactivity, and focus. The findings might be utilized by medical educators to tailor virtual simulation design to meet medical students' needs and expectations.

PERANCANGAN USER INTERFACE DAN USER EXPERIENCE APLIKASI BERBASIS WEB UNTUK KLINIK TERAPI MENGGUNAKAN METODE USER CENTERED DESIGN (STUDI KASUS: KLINIK RUMAH TERAPI SAHABAT)

Rumah Terapi Sahabat Clinic is located in West Pagesangan, West Nusa Tenggara and has been around for seven years since it was founded in 2015. Based on the results of observations, Focus Group Discussions and interviews, this clinic needs a way to digitize clinical data storage so that it can be accessed easily by clinic staff. In order to meet these needs, a website-based application for clinics is needed with patient and therapist data storage features as well as therapy scheduling. To be able to realize this application, User Interface and User Experience are needed. The method used to do this is User Centered Design. After creating a good User Interface, testing will be carried out using the System Usability Scale and User Experience Questionnaire methods to find out how functional and experienced the clinical staff are while using this Front-end prototype and aspects that can be improved in the future. This research will have results in the form of a front end of a website-based application that suits the needs of clinic staff. While testing using SUS and UEQ, the end result of SUS is 84 or “Acceptable” meanwhile five out of six categories from UEQ are graded “Excellent”