Good Tax Research Articles

Evaluating the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Tax Administration System in Ghana, Case Study of Sunyani Municipal Assembly

In as much as most countries benefit from external sources of funds and grants, her major reliable source of fund is the one generated internally. In a developing country, taxation is one of the major forces behind which the country can develop. Whiles Ghana Revenue Authority is one of the agencies which can mobilize such funds for the benefit of the nations; it is not easy to find tax payers for assessment and eventually to pay their taxes. This study evaluated the efficiency and effectiveness of the tax administration system of the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA).
 The field of the tax administration is of major importance to any tax system. The research brought to light that there is lack of the characteristics of a good tax system that is equity, certainty, convenience and economy. The legal structure is complex and includes axes - related laws, decrees, and rulings.

Whether Recovery of ‘Arrears of Lease Rent’ Can Be Claimed As ‘Operational Debt’ Within the Meaning of Section 5(21) of the I&B Code, 2016?

Section 2(a) of the Central Goods & Services Tax Act, 2017 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘CGST Act’) states that, “any lease, tenancy, easement, license to occupy land is a supply of services”, further, Section 2(b) of the CGST Act makes it clear that, “any lease or letting out of the building including a commercial, industrial or residential complex for business or commerce, either wholly or partly, is a supply of services”. Section 5(21) of the Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘I&B Code’) defines the operational debt as a claim in respect of the provision of goods or services including employment or a debt in respect of the repayment dues arising under the law for the time being in force and payable to the Central Government, any State Government or any local authority.

Responsiveness of the Zambian mine tax regimes to attributes of ‘good tax’ criteria

Responsiveness of the Zambian mine tax regimes to attributes of ‘good tax’ criteria

Winners and losers from an announced durable tax hike: Tesla in Denmark

ABSTRACTWe study the consumer response and tax revenue implications of the early announcement of a durable good tax. In 2015, the Danish government announced a tax hike on electric vehicles several months before its implementation. There was a dramatic surge in sales of Tesla Model S vehicles just before the tax came into effect, and a dramatic ebb in the months following. We find that the government lost 169 million DKK (23 million Euro) in tax revenue on luxury vehicles by announcing the tax change before its implementation. We further find that speculation played at most a limited role in the Tesla sales surge. In total, final consumers of Teslas gained from the roll-out of the law change by avoiding the new tax.

Good corporate governance dan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Stimulus Di Lakukannya Tax Management

The largest state revenue comes from tax revenues. This is evident from the data of the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2016 as much as 86.16% of state revenue derived from tax revenue. For the company, the tax is a expenses that must be paid so needed a strategy in doing the efficiency of the tax expenses (the tax savings). One such strategy is tax management. To perform a good tax management then it takes the implementation of good governance in a company. Another variable that becomes the stimulus of Tax Management is the size of the company. This study examines Good corporate governance and Corporate Size as Stimulus in Tax Management. The research was conducted at a banking company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Research methodology used in this research is regression analysis that is linear regression analysis. The findings in this study are institutional ownership, the proportion of independent board of commissioners has a positive and significant influence on tax management while the audit committee has no influence on tax management. Company size has a significant negative effect on tax management Keywords : Good Corporate Governance, size, Tax Managemet

Analysis of the Effect of Default Risk on Consumer Surplus

In this article, we discuss the impact of default risk on demand and consumer surplus. Different from traditional definition of the functions of demand and consumer surplus, we use demand function examined empirically by Zimmers et al.(2011), which is an exponential function of default rate and price. Our calculation of consumer surplus considers the influence of default risk on willingness to pay and at the same time, deduct total expected default value. We also discuss the effect of taxation of goods or services to consumers on consumer surplus with an example from insurance industry. Our numerical results indicate that insolvency regulation will help to increase consumer surplus, and taxation of goods or services to consumers will reduce consumer surplus. However, the lower total expected default value in taxation situation will help to offset some part of reduction of consumer surplus.

Rebalancing the Arguments for Taxation of Wealth: Evidence from France

The recent interest in the taxation of wealth has emanated from the increased wealth concentration and global income inequality in most OECD countries. As largely documented in the literature, both income and wealth inequality has continued to rise significantly in recent decades, motivating Piketty’s proposition of global wealth taxation. This paper critically evaluates the case for a wealth tax in France. We review current discussions on the basics of a good tax system, drawing on the normative tax construct and best practices highlighted in the literature. We do not focus on the responsiveness of tax policy in tackling the evolving inequality of income and wealth. Rather, we emphasize an optimum mix of policy instruments that are effective for varying degree of responsiveness to which policymakers are inclined. We review various arguments to address the social consequences of wealth concentration and how they are better addressed by considering the taxation of wealth and wealth transfer (inheritance). The argument for national wealth tax is flawed given the prevalent occurrence of capital flight. We, however, point out the need for a global wealth tax alongside the implementation of international tax jurisprudence for countries with substantial income inequality and wealth concentration.

Economic Review: Impact of Tax on Developing Countries with Special Reference to GST India

GST (Good and Service Tax) is the newly implemented taxation system India, and it is a single tax rate all over India. And it is GST one of the biggest indirect tax reforms in the country. The motto to expect to bring economic growth of state and central. GST levied by the central of India. It creates simplification and removal of multiple valuation of tax. And also, will reduce cost of production. Ease of registration in a single registration process. Cash flow has improved. Supply chain restructuring and elaborate transaction management.

Technology on Goods and Services Tax Compliance Among Small Medium Enterprises in Developing Countries

Technology on Goods and Services Tax Compliance Among Small Medium Enterprises in Developing Countries

ANALYSIS OF RECORDING, CALCULATION AND REPORTING OF VALUE ADDED TAX (VAT) BASED ON E-FAKTUR AT PT. BERKAT REHOBOT MANADO

Value Added Tax (VAT) is a tax imposed at the time the company makes a purchase on Taxable Goods (BKP) / Taxable Services (JKP) charged from the Tax Imposition Basis (DPP). Every purchase of goods to be produced / sold, then the tax imposed on the goods, by Taxable Enterpreneurs (PKP) is a Tax Enter 10% of the sale price before tax as Value Added Tax (VAT) which is the output tax for the tax period concerned. The type of data used in this study is, Qualitative Data is data obtained from data collection techniques through interviews, analysis of focused discussion documents or observations recorded in the report. This research was conducted at PT. Berkat Rehobot. Research conducted on the recording, calculation and reporting of Value Added Tax (VAT) at PT. Berkat Rehobot it can be concluded that this company has done accounting of Value Added Tax (VAT) in accordance with Law Number 42 Year 2009. As for the calculation and reporting using e-Faktur application so that the lack of errors that occur. If there is a lack of delays or correction in reporting due to delays in the delivery of existing Input Tax Invoice. However, the overall calculation and reporting has been in accordance with the Director General of Tax Regulation No. PER-16 / PJ / 2014.Keywords: VAT Recording, Counting and Reporting

THE INFLUENCE OF VALUE ADDED TAX EXEMPTION TOWARDS PROCESSED SEAWEED EXPORTS OF INDONESIA

Seaweed is one of the prospective cultivated marine commodity that supports fisheryrevitalization program that is enacted by the government. In the downstream, thegovernment has made many efforts to increase the value added gain from this commodity. One of the efforts is by enacting a value added tax exemption policy throughGovernment Regulation about Import and/or Refferal of Certain Strategic Taxable Goodsthat are Free from Added Value Tax. This policy is enacted to encourage the businessworld especially in agriculture, where it is needed to give easier tax facility byestablishing agricultural products that are Taxable Goods. The purpose of this research isto analyze the influence of value added tax exemption policy that is enacted to domesticseaweed processing industry, towards Indonesia’s processed seaweed export. Indonesiawas the world’s biggest seaweed exporter for the last few of years. The government,through its value added tax exemption policy, aimed to encouraged domestic processingindustry to not only exporting seaweed as the raw materials but also to export processedproducts that have added value. The model used in this research was Error CorrectionModel (ECM). This research found that value added tax exemption policy has positiveand significant influences towards processed seaweed export in the long and short-run.This show that the government’s policy in relation to value added tax exemption waseffective in increasing exports.

Codes of Conduct as a Means to Manage Ethical Tax Governance

The tax practices of multinationals are in the eye of the storm. The public outcry reflects deep concerns about the moral integrity of the tax system. Taxes make society and freedom possible, and paying taxes is about sharing the financial burden involved in societal cooperation. The distribution of the tax burden is an expression of the values of distributive justice and solidarity. Tax laws translate the moral obligation to contribute to society into a set of legal obligations. Good tax governance should be ethical tax governance. Ethical and reputational tax risks should be carefully managed. Codes of conduct are important instruments to enhance moral corporate behaviour. They generate transparency, thereby enabling stakeholders to evaluate the ethical quality of a corporation’s strategy. Tax codes of conduct are aimed at providing guiding principles to businesses and tax administrations to increase trust in the tax system on the part of society. The element of trust comprises not only the fact that both parties remain within the boundaries of the law, but also that everyone plays fairly and acts in an ethically compliant manner. Thus, tax codes of conduct are a good starting point to operationalize a company’s commitment to ethical tax governance.

PENGARUH NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH SERTA TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA TERHADAP PENERIMAAN PAJAK PADA DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PAJAK

Acceptance receiving of Tax is one of source of acceptance receiving of biggest state compared to acceptance receiving from sector migas and acceptance receiving of other state. Tax gives contribution of acceptance receiving 70,46 % to APBN the year 2007.Acceptance receiving of Tax cannot be independent separated from macro factor of other chartered investment counsel of sebagimana has been disumsikan at the time of compilation APBN, like chartered investment counsel growth, rupiah conversion value, level of interest rate, level of the price of commodity exchange incorporated at international market, and commodity exchange incorporated production rate in country. Macro factor of the chartered investment counsel haves the character of dynamic and changes as according to condition of run economics at that moment while acceptance receiving plan of Pajak has been specified beginning of year as according to pegging of Anggaran and Pendapatan Belanja Negara.To check whether there or is not there influence from alteration of macro factor of the chartered investment counsel to tax acceptance receiving, hence at this research will be studied about rupiah conversion value influence, and level of interest rate to acceptance receiving of tax at Tax Directorate General.To answer the problems, data collected from various sources and analysed with associative method ( relationship) is having the character of interaktif resiprokal or is each other influence. Research variable data collected to be checked with linear regression passed testing of linierity and testing of classic assumption.Result of research shows existence of influence signifikan to level of rupiah conversion value, and level of interest rate to acceptance receiving of good tax x'selfly ( parsial ) and also joinly ( simultan ).

Country note: Integrity – The Keystone to Good Tax Administration

Corruption has a corrosive impact on the wellbeing of a nation, and is especially damaging to tax administrations. The article explores the causes of corruption both from the perspective of the design of tax systems and from the perspective of tax administrations. It outlines a range of generic remedies that can be used to minimize the risk of corruption. In giving life to these generic remedies the article follows the approach taken by the Australian Taxation Office to reinvigorate its integrity framework as a result of the improper conduct of an assistant commissioner (Petroulias) in the late 1990s.

PERLAKUAN AKUNTANSI ATAS PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI DI KOPERASI PEGAWAI BADAN URUSAN LOGISTIK (KOPEL)

This study aims to determine the accounting treatment and compliance of deposits of Value Added Tax on the activities of the delivery and the acquisition of Taxable Goods and Taxable Services in the Cooperative Employees Agency Logistics Affairs (KOPEL). This research method using descriptive qualitative analysis method which arranged in accordance with the plan about sale and purchase transactions and SPT Period VAT every month. The results of this study indicate that the Cooperative Employees Agency Logistics Agency (KOPEL) has implemented the recording of Value Added Taxes in 2015 which has been guided by the Financial Accounting Standards (SAK) applicable in Indonesia. Further discussion and research are described in the paper.
 Keywords: value added tax, accounting compliance

Building urban local governance fiscal autonomy through property taxation financing option

Abstract The continued productivity of urban economies depends upon the provision of urban infrastructure and social services. And, a large share of the service‐provision role is conventionally assigned to local government as tastes and preferences vary among individuals and communities. This requires financing the public expenditures and, although, there are other sources of revenue, taxation is very central to effective and efficient service‐delivery. The paper, therefore, examines the role of property taxation in this regard with a view to promoting and building urban local governance autonomy in cities of developing world. The paper also examines the essentials of a good property tax and problems of its administration in Africa urban local governments. Consequently, a prima facie case for property tax reforms is made in order to improve the revenue‐generating potentials of the tax. More importantly, the paper concludes that the real challenge towards sustainable fiscal autonomy for urban local governa...

Modelling the cost differential between healthy and current diets: the New Zealand case study

BackgroundEvidence on whether healthy diets are more expensive than current diets is mixed due to lack of robust methodology. The aim of this study was to develop a novel methodology to model the cost differential between healthy and current diets and apply it in New Zealand.MethodsPrices of common foods were collected from 15 supermarkets, 15 fruit/vegetable stores and from the Food Price Index. The distribution of the cost of two-weekly healthy and current household diets was modelled using a list of commonly consumed foods, a set of min and max quantity/serves constraints for each, and food group and nutrient intakes based on dietary guidelines (healthy diets) or nutrition survey data (current diets). The cost differential between healthy and current diets was modelled for several diet, prices and policy scenarios. Acceptability of resulting meal plans was validated.ResultsThe average cost of healthy household diets was $27 more expensive than the average cost of current diets, but 25.8% of healthy diets were cheaper than the average cost of current diets. This cost differential could be reduced if fruits and vegetables became exempt from Goods and Services Tax. Healthy diets were cheaper with an allowance for discretionary foods and more expensive when including takeaway meals. For Māori and Pacific households, healthy diets were on average $40 and $60 cheaper than current diets due to large energy intakes. Discretionary foods and takeaway meals contributed 30-40% to the average cost of current diets.ConclusionHealthy New Zealand diets were on average more expensive than current diets, but one-quarter of healthy diets were cheaper than the average cost of current diets. The impact of diet composition, types of prices and policies on the cost differential was substantial. The methodology can be used in other countries to monitor the cost differential between healthy and current household diets.

Economic Consequences of GST in India

The research paper focuses on the economic consequences of Goods and Services Tax (GST) personified newly in the Indian Tax structure. The paper also discusses the anticipated barriers and future predictions for GST. The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a vast notion that simplifies the giant tax structure by supporting and augmenting the economic growth of a country. GST is a comprehensive tax levy on manufacturing, sale and consumption of goods and services at a national level. India’s historic and bold move towards integrated tax structure is viewed by most economists as an answer to regressive indirect tax structure. It is a comprehensive tax system that will subsume all indirect taxes of states and central governments and unified economy into a seamless national market. An important feature of GST is that products and services are equalized and are taxed at a fixed rate until customers access it within the supply chain. Therefore, tax reforms give equal rights to large and small businesses and taxpayers. Another important feature of India's GST rollout is that it is dual-based. In other words, both central and multiple government agencies will release GST separately. The central government will charge CGS T and the state will charge SGST respectively. However, the tax, tax and taxation standards are the same. This is necessary in view of the federal structure of the government if governments are free to manage their own taxes at two levels. GST would help in lesser corruption and increased tax revenue. It contributes towards a better and improved economy with single taxation. The system will make it easier to identify the tax defaulters. In India, GST is imposed on goods and services income. It is expected to iron out wrinkles of existing indirect tax system and play a vital role in growth of India. It is believed that GST would put India’s indirect tax structure at par with more than 140 countries and would be productive for all the sectors. Implementation of such reforms does face surmountable challenges; however this is expected to bring in benefits in the form of higher GDP and also transparency in the tax system. The GST would be imposed on the value – addition and thus would leave lesser scope for tax evasion.

Goods and Service Tax in India: Basic Concepts and Features

This paper is an analysis of the impact of GST (Goods and Services Tax) on Indian Tax Scenario. The Good and services tax (GST) is the biggest and substantial indirect tax reform since the year 1947. The main idea of GST is to take over existing taxes like value-added tax, excise duty, service tax and sales tax. GST will be levied on manufacturing of sales and consumption of goods and services and is expected to address the tumble effect of the existing tax structure and result in uniting the country economically. Its main objective is to maintain a plebeian between the basic structure and design of the CGST, SGST and SGST between states. GST is a new story of VAT which gives a widespread setoff for input tax credit and contains many indirect taxes from state and national level. The main aim of GST is to create a single, unified market which will benefit in the development of country’s economy. India is a democratic country and therefore the GST will be implemented parallel by the central and state governments respectively. In this article, I have discussed GST and highlighted on the objectives of it. Consequently, I also put a light on the possible challenges, threats, and opportunities that GST brings to strengthen the free market economy. Finally, the paper examines and draws out a conclusion.

Impact of GST on Jammu and Kashmir Economy

GST, Goods and Services Tax is considered as a biggest tax reform generally in India and particularly in Jammu and Kashmir. GST has been introduced to replace multiple indirect taxes levied by State and Central Governments in order to simplify the indirect tax system. More than 150 countries have levied GST. Due to its various advantages over VAT and after various constraints, India have passed GST from 1st April 2017 with constituent amendment 101th. Jammu and Kashmir having a special status in Indian constitution and only state in Indian constitution having its own constitution. Under 246A(1), the legislature of the state of Jammu and Kashmir shall have power to make laws with respect to goods and services tax levied by state. However, the order said, parliament shall have power to make laws with respect to goods and services tax levied by union.Therefore, GOI does not have right to implement the GST without the consultant of J&K state government. However by applying GST, the J&Kstate government can increase tax revenue 5151.17croe from 3571.12 crores.