Good Quality Rice Research Articles

Rancang Bangun Alat Pembersih dan Pengering Gabah Berbasis Arduino Uno

The planning of this grain cleaning and drying machine is one of the efforts to apply appropriate technology. To assist the community in processing crop yields with a grain drying machine that is heated using a heater using a dht22 sensor. As a temperature and humidity sensor with a control system using an arduino uno as the brain of this tool . One of the reasons is that the grain drying process takes a long time because it still depends on sunny weather and requires a relatively large area. Because of that, the idea emerged to make a Design and Development of an Arduino Uno-Based Grain Cleaning and Dryer Tool. What I want to achieve from this final project is to dry grain without waiting for sunny weather first and of course it is more efficient in terms of energy and land for farmers and the community and produces good quality rice.

Chlorine content analysis on white rice at the Pagesangan Market, Mataram City

In Indonesia, rice is a staple food consumed daily. The high purchasing power of the public for good quality rice makes this a reason for producers to add dangerous bleaching agents such as chlorine to improve the physical quality of the rice they sell. The use of unclear bleaching agents on rice that do not meet the requirements for permitted additives in food and whose concentrations exceed the threshold limits is dangerous for human health. This research aims to determine the presence of chlorine in white rice sold at the Pagesangan market. The methods used are qualitative and quantitative. Three of the five rice samples tested at the Mataram STTL Laboratory tested positive for chlorine. Chlorine levels in rice samples, sample C, were 367.4 mg/L, sample D was 275.1 mg/L, and sample E was 93.4 mg/L.

Inquiring the inter-relationships amongst grain-filling, grain-yield, and grain-quality of Japonica rice at high latitudes of China.

The widespread impacts of projected global and regional climate change on rice yield have been investigated by different indirect approaches utilizing various simulation models. However, direct approaches to assess the impacts of climatic variabilities on rice growth and development may provide more reliable evidence to evaluate the effects of climate change on rice productivity. Climate change has substantially impacted rice production in the mid-high latitudes of China, especially in Northeast China (NEC). Climatic variabilities occurring in NEC since the 1970s have resulted in an obvious warming trend, which made this region one of the three major rice-growing regions in China. However, the projections of future climate change have indicated the likelihood of more abrupt and irregular climatic changes, posing threats to rice sustainability in this region. Hence, understanding the self-adaptability and identifying adjustive measures to climate variability in high latitudes has practical significance for establishing a sustainable rice system to sustain future food security in China. A well-managed field study under randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted in 2017 and 2018 at two study sites in Harbin and Qiqihar, located in Heilongjiang province in NEC. Four different cultivars were evaluated: Longdao-18, Longdao-21 (longer growth duration), Longjing-21, and Suijing-18 (shorter growth duration) to assess the inter-relationships among grain-filling parameters, grain yield and yield components, and grain quality attributes. To better compare the adaptability mechanisms between grain-filling and yield components, the filling phase was divided into three sub-phases (start, middle, and late). The current study evaluated the formation and accumulation of the assimilates in superior and inferior grains during grain-filling, mainly in the middle sub-phase, which accounted for 59.60% of the yield. The grain yields for Suijing-18, Longjing-21, Longdao-21, and Longdao-18 were 8.02%, 12.78%, 17.19%, and 20.53% higher in Harbin than those in Qiqihar, respectively in 2017, with a similar trend observed in 2018. At Harbin, a higher number of productive tillers was noticed in Suijing-18, with averages of 17 and 15 in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The grain-filling parameters of yield analysis showed that the filling duration in Harbin was conducive to increased yield but the low dry weight of inferior grains was a main factor limiting the yield in Qiqihar. The average protein content values in Harbin were significantly higher (8.54% and 9.13%) than those in Qiqihar (8.34% and 9.14%) in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The amylose content was significantly higher in Harbin (20.03% and 22.27%) than those in Qiqihar (14.44% and 14.67%) in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The chalkiness percentage was higher in Qiqihar, indicating that Harbin produced good quality rice. This study provides more direct evidence of the relative changes in rice grain yield due to changes in grain-filling associated with relative changes in environmental components. These self-adaptability mechanisms to climatic variability and the inter-relationships between grain-filling and grain yield underscore the urgent to investigate and explore measures to improve Japonica rice sustainability, with better adaptation to increasing climatic variabilities. These findings may also be a reference for other global rice regions at high latitudes in addressing the impacts of climate change on future rice sustainability.

Map-based cloning and transcriptome analysis of the more-tiller and small-grain mutant in rice.

A G to T nucleotide substitution of OsTSG2 led to more tillers and smaller grains in rice by participating in phytohormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism. Rice is one of the most important food crops worldwide. Grain size and tiller number are the most important factors determining rice yield. The more-tiller and small-grain 2 (tsg2) mutant in rice, developed by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis, has smaller grains, more tillers, and a higher yield per plant relative to the wild-type (WT). Based on the genetic analysis, the tsg2 traits were conferred by a single recessive nuclear gene located on the long arm of chromosome 2. After fine-mapping the OsTSG2 locus, a G to T nucleotide substitution was identified, which resulted in an A to S mutation in a highly conserved domain of the growth-regulation factor protein. The single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) marker was developed based on the SNP associated with the phenotypic segregation of traits. The functional complementation of OsTSG2 from the tsg2 mutant to the WT led to an increase in grain size and weight. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified by RNA sequencing were involved in phytohormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis detected variation in the indole acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content in the tsg2 inflorescence, while the cellular organization, degree of chalkiness, gel consistency, amylose content, and alkaline spreading value were affected in the tsg2 grains. The findings elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of the tsg2 traits. This mutant could be used in marker-assisted breeding for high-yield and good-quality rice.

Location Models with Multy Criterious Networks (Case Study: The Industrial of Rice Processing in The Batubara District)

Determining location is a problem encountered in many areas of everyday life. Determining this location becomes complex when many factors are taken into consideration, where one factor and another can conflict. One of the issues that will be discussed in this research is determining the location of the rice processing industry. This problem needs to be studied considering that the opportunity to establish a rice industry in several regions in Indonesia is very high considering that the potential for the main raw material (rice) is very large, as is the rice market where the largest population of the Indonesian nation makes rice the main food ingredient. The case study that will be discussed in this research is the rice processing industry in Batu Bara Regency. Batu Bara Regency is one of the districts/cities in North Sumatra Province which has enormous rice potential. In order to improve the welfare of farmers and provide good quality rice for the community, a Rice Processing Industry is needed. The problem in the rice processing industry is very complex, apart from the seasonal availability of rice raw materials, is the location where the rice processing factory is located. Various criteria need to be considered in this determination relating to the distance of the rice processing industry factory to each source of the main raw material (rice). Determining this location is very complex because it involves multiple criteria. This research will provide a location determination model using a Multi Criteria Network. The criteria used to determine the location of the rice processing industry in Batu Bara Regency are the transportation distance from the raw material center, travel time, and the condition of the road connecting the raw material center to the factory location. Based on the criteria for distance between rice centers and rice processing industrial factories, a route with a total minimum distance score of 0.71 is obtained. Meanwhile, based on travel time, the best route was obtained with a minimum total time score of 1.61. Based on the quality of the road taken, the best route was obtained with a maximum total score of 0.25. By considering the three criteria, the best route was obtained with a total optimum score of 2.96.

Understanding the Role of Indigenous Peoples in Preserving Cianjur Pandanwangi Rice as a Product of Local Wisdom to Obtain Geographical Indication Certificates

Pandanwangi Cianjur rice which has a distinctive taste, as good quality rice because it is the result of rice varieties with special characteristics that are influenced by geographical and cultural conditions from Cianjur blood so that Pandanwangi rice is categorized as a product of local wisdom in Cianjur Regency and has received a Geographical Indication certification. (IG) from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia. However, the ownership of this certificate does not guarantee an increase in the economy that is exploited from Pandanwangi rice because the Regional Government has not provided maximum assistance and guidance so that the community takes advantage of the potential of Pandanwangi rice as an economically viable source of income. Therefore, it is necessary to socialize and foster from various parties, especially from academics through community empowerment activities to understand the existence of Cianjur pandanwangi rice as part of local wisdom products so that it is maintained as a cultural value and can provide economic benefits for the local community.

A deep learning method combined with electronic nose to identify the rice origin

The rice quality is directly affected by the natural environment in which it is grown. It is common to pass off poor quality as good quality rice sold in rice markets. Therefore, an effective rice quality detection method should be proposed. This work proposes a deep learning method combined with an electronic nose (e-nose) to realize the classification of rice origin, and then realize the detection of rice quality. Firstly, channel-spatial collaborative attention (CSCA) is proposed to adaptively focus on key features of gas information. Secondly, three shallow convolutional neural network (CNN) structures are introduced to achieve gas information classification. Finally, CSCA and three CNN structures are combined to construct a classification network for rice gas recognition. The results show that in the comparison of multi-structure models, LeNet5-CSCA has the best classification performance, with a classification accuracy of 97.70%, a precision of 97.45%, a recall of 97.67%, and a F1-score of 97.56%.

Perancang Data Warehouse Dan Visualisasi Data Mutu Penerimaan Beras

Rice is a staple food consumed by a large portion of the Indonesian population. Each region has its own rice production so that it has different qualities.. Indonesia itself has specific standards for good quality rice. In order for rice can be distributed evenly throughout the archipelago, Indonesia has a rice management organization, one of which is PT Food Station Tjipinang Jaya. Rice from various suppliers must be recorded and checked for quality. Making a Data Warehouse needs to be implemented so that it is easily collected and analyzes the data received and can be used as a reference for decision making. To build a data warehouse can use Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) available in Pentaho Data Integration. Data that has been entered into the data warehouse can be visualized using Python to make further decisions.

A Review Paper on Rice Quality Analysis Using Image Processing Technique

Abstract: In rice production industry as per the market demand, good quality rice evolution is very important in the present time. The factors for rice quality such as its whiteness, shape, milling degree, chalkiness, cracks and polish are the important factors for to evaluate the rice quality. Quality of rice becomes necessity nowadays for to defend the consumers from using sub standard products, the quality of rice is an important necessity. In the world population more than half people are the primary consumer of rice. It is one of the most important foods to provide energy, protein, essential vitamin and minerals, fiber grain, beneficial antioxidants, and carbohydrates. It is complicated by using the rice kernel manually for rice quality analysis because due to time consuming and having a chance for error with the bias of human perception. To overcome such issues and achieve the rice quality, the image processing technique has a wide scope. The main motive of this paper is to review different techniques that calculate the quality of rice using the image processing technique. Keywords: Rice quality, Chalkiness, Crackiness, Whiteness, Image Processing

Study of Local Knowledge on the Practices of Swidden Agriculture to Increase Productivity and Sustainable Land: Case Study on the Kenyah and Bahau Dayak in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

East Kalimantan is facing the massive increase of population in the near future due to the relocation of Indonesian Capital Jakarta Java to East Kalimantan Province. One of the prospective ways to increase the productivity of rice is to improve the agricultural ways of the Indigenous people through implementation of local knowledge so that they could gain benefits from the relocation of Indonesian Capital. The aims of this study were (1) to examine the knowledge and local wisdom of the ‘umabileng’ farming system and the ‘daleh’ system of the Bahau and Dayak Kenyah ethnic groups, (2) to integrate local wisdom and knowledge of the Dayak Kenyah and Bahau ethnic farming systems and science into a more productive and sustainable agricultural concept. Research sites were two villages of indigenous Dayak people in Mahakam Ulu Regency and East Kalimantan Indonesia from March to July 2022. A descriptive qualitative approach was used for data analysis. Research result showed that during the practice of this ways of farming, they have implemented traditional knowledge and wisdoms at every stage, i.e. how to look for fertile land, how to fell big trees to get optimum biomass, the best day to planting, traditional pest control, and the last stage of harvesting including the treatment to have good quality rice for seed (benih/beneq) in the following year. However, the farmer still lacks in some stages of farming which need intervention and integration of agricultural science. For example, farmers still need to be assisted by the treatment of seeds by soaking rice seeds in a salt solution in order to obtain good quality seeds. Another example of how to increase soil fertility was by fertilizing organically, such as liquid organic fertilizer (POC = pupuk organic cair). In order for the daleh and umabileng systems to work, it is necessary to have field agricultural extension that will organize and motivate farmers so that this system can work well.

Rice sort machine design to improve rice granules quality

To produce quality rice, improvement in rice production management must begin at the farmer level (on-farm) by using high-quality seeds and good plant maintenance. Good quality rice is rice grains that don't break or crumble. To urge good quality rice, rice producers usually sort it manually. This method leads to long work processes and low productivity. Efforts to beat this problem are by designing a rice sorting machine which will separate whole rice and broken rice so on lighten the workload, improve rice quality, and increase prices. The results of the study obtained that the look specifications of the rice sieving machine were a). The sieving capacity is 10 kg of rice, the most drive is an electrical motor of 0.25 HP, a V-belt transmission, and an angled iron frame. Machine dimensions: length 120 cm, width 70 cm and height 90 cm). Machine testing the standard of rice grains employing a sorting machine can improve the standard of rice grains by reducing the presence of broken rice (size p=0.30 mm and below) a mean of 0.2 kg for 10 kg of sorted rice or increasing the standard by 1.91%. Machine testing from the ergonomic aspect.

Adaptability Mechanisms of Japonica Rice Based on the Comparative Temperature Conditions of Harbin and Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province of Northeast China

Japonica rice has been considerably impacted from climate change, mainly regarding temperature variations. Adjusting the crop management practices based on the assessment of adaptability mechanisms to take full advantage of climate resources during the growing season is an important technique for japonica rice adaptation to climate changed conditions. Research based on the adaptability mechanisms of japonica rice to temperature and other environmental variables has theoretical and practical significance to constitute a theoretical foundation for sustainable japonica rice production system. A contrived study was arranged with method of replacing time with space having four different japonica cultivars namely Longdao-18, Longdao-21, Longjing-21, and Suijing-18, and carried out in Harbin and Qiqihar during the years 2017–2019 to confer with the adaptability mechanisms in terms of growth, yield and quality. The formation of the grain-filling material for superior and inferior grains was mainly in the middle phase which shared nearly 60% of whole grain-filling process. Maximum yield was noticed in Longdao-18 at Harbin and Qiqihar which was 9500 and 13,250 kg/ha, respectively. The yield contributing components fertile tillers, number of grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight were higher at Qiqihar; therefore, there was more potential to get higher yield. The data for grain-filling components demonstrated that the filling intensity and duration at Qiqihar was contributive to increase the grain yield, whereas the limiting agents to limit yield at Harbin were the dry weights of inferior grains. The varietal differences in duration and time of day of anthesis were small. Across all cultivars and both study sites, nearly 85% of the variation of the maximum time of anthesis could be justified with mean atmospheric temperature especially mean minimum temperature. Mean onset of anthesis was earliest in Longdao-21 at Harbin, whereas it was latest in Longdao-18 at Qiqihar. The maximum time to end anthesis and the longest duration of anthesis were taken by Longdao-18, i.e., 9.0 hasr and 4.2 h, respectively. Chalkiness and brown rice percentages were elevated at Qiqihar showing Harbin produced good quality rice. This study investigated the adaptability mechanisms of japonica rice under varying temperature conditions to distinguish the stress tolerance features for future sustainability and profitability in NEC. It was concluded that there is an adaptive value for anthesis especially regarding Tmin and, moreover, earlier transplantation may produce tall plants. The results demonstrated that high temperature at the onset of anthesis at the start of the day enhanced the escape from high temperature later during the day. Early transplantation is recommended in NEC because earlier anthesis during humid days rendered for potential escape from high ambient temperature later during that day. Temperature influenced japonica rice significantly and coherently, whereas the influence of growing season precipitation was not significant. Daily mean sunshine influenced the japonica rice significantly, but the impact was less spatially coherent. The results foregrounded the response of the japonica rice to external driving factors focusing climate, but ignored socioeconomic suggesting emphasis on both driving factors to target future research and render important insights into how japonica rice can adapt in mid-high-latitude regions.

GC-MS-based metabolite profiling of key differential metabolites between superior and inferior spikelets of rice during the grain filling stage

BackgroundThe asynchronous filling between superior spikelets (SS) and inferior spikelets (IS) in rice has become a research hotspot. The stagnant development and poor grain filling of IS limit yields and the formation of good quality rice. A large number of studies on this phenomenon have been carried out from the genome, transcriptome and proteome level, indicating that asynchronous filling of SS and IS filling is a complex, but orderly physiological and biochemical process involving changes of a large number of genes, protein expression and modification. However, the analysis of metabolomics differences between SS and IS is rarely reported currently.ResultsThis study utilized untargeted metabolomics and identified 162 metabolites in rice spikelets. Among them, 17 differential metabolites associated with unsynchronized grain filling between SS and IS, 27 metabolites were related to the stagnant development of IS and 35 metabolites related to the lower maximum grain-filling rate of IS compared with the SS. We found that soluble sugars were an important metabolite during grain filling for SS and IS. Absolute quantification was used to further analyze the dynamic changes of 4 types of soluble sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose, and trehalose) between SS and IS. The results showed that sucrose and trehalose were closely associated with the dynamic characteristics of grain filling between SS and IS. The application of exogenous sugar showed that trehalose functioned as a key sugar signal during grain filling of IS. Trehalose regulated the expression of genes related to sucrose conversion and starch synthesis, thereby promoting the conversion of sucrose to starch. The difference in the spatiotemporal expression of TPS-2 and TPP-1 between SS and IS was an important reason that led to the asynchronous change in the trehalose content between SS and IS.ConclusionsThe results from this study are helpful for understanding the difference in grain filling between SS and IS at the metabolite level. In addition, the present results can also provide a theoretical basis for the next step of using metabolites to regulate the filling of IS.

Effects of ambient air dehumidification, air temperature, and drying duration on rough rice quality and pasting properties using fluidized bed and fixed bed dryers

AbstractBackground and objectivesHigh humidity ambient air is a common phenomenon in the United States ​Mid‐​South region, resulting in a delay in the drying process to avoid rewetting rough rice. Ambient air dehumidification could have the potential to overcome this challenge and result in a continuous drying process. Therefore, the present study explored the effects of ambient air dehumidification, air temperature, and drying duration on rough rice quality and pasting properties in a fluidized bed and fixed bed drying systems.FindingsA fluidized bed and a fixed bed drying systems were used to study the effects of dehumidification settings (with and without), air temperature (40°C, 45°C, and 50°C), and drying duration (30 min, 45 min, and 60 min) on rice quality and pasting properties in triplicates. Silica gel was used as a desiccant for ambient air dehumidification. The results showed that the range of moisture removal to be 4.5 to 7.1 (%, dry basis) for 1 hr in a fluidized bed rice drying. The maximum water absorbed by air achieved 0.382 and 0.434 kg for fluidized bed and fixed bed dryers, respectively, after 60 min of drying, at 50°C, and with air dehumidification. The peak viscosity of rough rice was lower for all fluidized bed experiments (2,712.8 cP) than the fixed bed drying experiments (2,815.8 cP).ConclusionsThe results showed that head rice yield and rice whiteness did not reduce in fluidized bed drying significantly than the fixed bed drying. Head rice yield was negatively correlated with rice whiteness. Ambient air dehumidification improved moisture removal from rough rice and can be employed during humid conditions. Pasting properties also supported the notion of attaining good quality rice dried in a fluidized bed system compared with a fixed bed drying system. Head rice yield was positively correlated with the peak and trough viscosities signifying the increase in milling yield with the rice water‐absorbing capacity and resistance to cooking textural breakdown.Significance and noveltyThe study proved that utilizing dehumidified air in a fluidized bed drying system could dehydrate rough rice without reducing quality. The system successfully utilized silica gel to dehumidify ambient air, allowing continuous ambient air in‐bin on‐farm drying of rough rice.

Analisa Peranan dan Fungsi Public Relation Baitulmaal Munzalan Indonesia Dalam Publikasi Gerakan Infaq Beras Jakarta

The Jakarta Rice Infaq Movement Community is a social or non-profit organization under the auspices of the Indonesian Baitulmaal Munzalan. Which aims to help Santri, orphans and Al-Qur'an memorizers to meet their food needs, especially the need for rice as a staple food in Indonesia. This program provides good quality rice assistance and is given on a monthly basis. To increase trust in donors and potential donors, information and promotions must be carried out through various media. The promotional media commonly used by the Jakarta Rice Infaq Movement Community is through websites, events, social media and brochures so that the Rice Infaq Movement activities are increasingly known. In this study, the authors used a descriptive qualitative method which was carried out by means of direct observation and in-depth interviews with informants and then the data were analyzed descriptively. This study contains how the PR of Baitulmaal Munzalan Indonesia has a role and function in the publication of the Rice Infaq Movement in Jakarta. Keywords: Rice Infaq Movement, Publication Media, Public Relations

Effect of starch and non‐starch components on water migration, microstructure, starch retrogradation and texture of flat rice noodles made from different rice varieties

SummaryEffects of starch and non‐starch components on rice noodle quality, water migration during rehydration, texture, microstructure and starch retrogradation of dried rice flour and rice starch noodles made from five rice varieties with similar high amylose contents were examined. Rice noodle qualities depended mainly on starch properties and to a lesser extent on the presence of non‐starch components. Elongation of rice flour noodles was lower than rice starch noodles due to the presence of non‐starch components that interrupted the starch network. Non‐starch components reduced cooking loss of flour noodles in some varieties. Water migration in rice flour noodles with a looser microstructure was faster than in rice starch noodles. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging revealed different water migration speeds in rice flour noodles among varieties, related to noodle microstructure and retrogradation properties. For production of good quality rice noodles, manufacturers should consider not only amylose content but also non‐starch components.

IMPACT OF POSTHARVEST OPERATIONS ON RICE GRAIN QUALITY: A REVIEW

An efficient postharvest system aims to minimize the loss and obtained the good quality rice gain. This review summarizes the information regarding the postharvest processing published by various authors and outline the evidence that support the impacts of the postharvest handling on rice grain quality. Grain quality, includes a summary of the physical and chemical characteristics of rice grain. It has many components such as nutritional value, appearance, cooking and eating quality. Drying of rice mainly affects the milling quality, as most breakage of rice occurs because of grain fissuring. Rice ageing occurs during storage is responsible for the changes in pasting properties, color, flavor and chemical composition such as starch, protein, lipid etc. that affect rice quality. Therefore, research on various drying methods, storage conditions and milling methods should be maximized and maintain the desired rice grain quality. This review may contribute to understand the impacts of postharvest processes on grain quality and can increase the head rice yield.

PRODUKSI BERAS KEMASAN PERSPEKTIF MANAJEMEN BISNIS ISLAM

Production is a human activity to produce goods and services which is then used by consumers. While Islamic business management is idea about how to regulate, manage, and run a business or convenient business with Islamic sharia.The Production process of packed rice that happened to UD Albas Jaya through several processes, start from the search for raw materials to packaging.In passing all these stages should be done properly and correctly as taught by the Islamic religion. This study intends to determine (1) the production process of packed rice at UD Albas Jaya Putih Village, Gampengrejo District, Kediri Regency, (2) knowing the process of packed rice production at UD Albas Jaya Putih Village, Gampengrejo District, Kediri Regency, in terms of Islamic business management. This study used qualitative approach to the type of case study research in the field and descriptive research design. The informants in this study arePacked rice producers, employees and surrounding communities and agents. The method of data collection in collecting data used observation and interview. As for data analysis using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that there are several production processes at UD Albas Jaya, including; First, preparation of raw materials (grain) that prioritizes good quality rice, by way of business owners going down to the field to make the selection of raw materials, then if the price of raw materials rises the producers do not increase the prices of their products. Second, the process of breaking the skin, does not cause environmental pollution because the waste can be resold. Third, the process of polishing rice, in addition to polishing rice which is still new, UD Albas Jaya also polishes rice that has not been sold for a long time to appear white again. Fourth, the packaging process, mixing old rice with new rice, as well as imperfect in weighing.fifth, the storage process.See from the production process, the production process of UD Albas Jaya is not in accordance with Islamic business management, because there are still production behaviors that are not in accordance with Islamic business management principles such as; polish old rice to make it look white again, mix new rice with old rice, and less to perfect the scales.

PARE'S VISUAL ADAPTATION AS KARAWANG’S BATIK DECORATION

Batik is one from of art and has become an acon of Indonesian indigenous culture and Batik Karawang is one of them. Its exixtence is not yet as popular as batik from other regions. However, several efforts have been made by cultural observer Karawang Regency and related agencies in introducing and developing Batik Karawang. Geographically, Karawang Regency is an area that has extensive agricultural land. Even though it is a coastal area, the agricultural land in Karawang Regency is an area that is able to produce good quality rice, this is because Karawang Regency is located adjacent to the Citarum River which functions to irrigate all agricultural land in Karawang Regency. So it is not surprising that the batik ornaments created are dominated by rice plants or bitter melon as the main decorative variety. Pare in Indonesian means rice, while sagendeng means one tie. The use of ornamental names that refer to the natural and cultural elements of the Karawang district has symbolic meaning that refers to the ideas and expectations of the local community for good. From the results of the study obtained a relationship or relationship that the aesthetic elements contained in the Karawang Batik decoration is a form of visual adaptation (culture) of Karawang regency society which is correlated with the discovery of the name kekembangan on Sundanese terms found in Lalakaon ti Karawang script. This study aims to unravel the form of adaptation to the Pare ornament. This research is expected to provide insight for the general public regarding the existence of Batik Karawang so that it can develop the potential and economy of UMKM (Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah) on Karawang regency. The type of research used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. From the results of the study it was found that most of the basic patterns of Karawang Batik motifs were ridiculous. Ceplokan is one of the batik motifs which consists of repetition of the ceplok pattern unit so that as a whole it forms a single unit.

Investigation on Current Status of Rice Fertilization in the Plain Area of Hanzhong Basin

Scientific fertilization is the key to obtain a high-yield and good quality rice. In order to understand the present situation of rice fertilizer application in the Plain Area of Hanzhong Basin, a survey had been conducted. The investigation results showed that: in the Plain Area of Hanzhong Basin, N application was more higher, P2O5 application was reasonable and K2O application was a little lower. Fertilization was very unbalanced and the application rates were quite different among farmers. The base to dressing ratio was unreasonable. All the P2O5, K2O and most of N were applied as base fertilizer, and only a few farmers use top dressing N fertilizer. In the frame of fertilizer variety, there is a phenomenon that using more ammonium bicarbonate than formula fertilizer, using more chemical fertilizer than organic fertilizer and using more macro element fertilizer than trace fertilizer.