Good Quality Information Research Articles

Simultaneous thermal and optical characterization of semiconductor materials exhibiting high optical absorption by photopyroelectric spectroscopy

This work presents the results of the investigations on the thermal and optical properties of materials exhibiting high optical absorption. As test samples, some II-VI binary semiconductors were grown by using the Bridgman-Stockbarger method. The photopyroelectric (PPE) method, in two configurations (calorimetric and spectroscopic), was applied for both thermal and optical characterization of the specimens. The thermal diffusivity was obtained in the back detection configuration (BPPE) with an intensity-modulated laser as an excitation source. The same detection configuration, but with a tunable light source, provided information about the energy gap, the absorption coefficient, and the investigated sample's thermal diffusivity. The results obtained with these two methods were also compared with the data collected by conventional transmission and luminescence spectroscopies (absorption coefficient, energy gap). The main conclusion is the photopyroelectric spectroscopy (PPES) can provide in one measurement good quality information about the thermal and optical properties of the specimen.

Evaluation of free mobile health applications for pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence

BackgroundTechnology is becoming increasingly integrated into healthcare, including the rapid development of mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) for various medical conditions such as urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). As patients turn to these sources more frequently, closer evaluation of the apps becomes more important. ObjectivesTo (1) evaluate free applications designed for POP and urinary incontinence using the Xcertia guidelines for medical app quality, (2) analyze user sentiment of the apps, and (3) evaluate app information for quality, understandability, and actionability with the DISCERN and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) tools. MethodsMobile medical apps were identified on the Apple App Store or Google Play Store with keywords “pelvic organ prolapse,” “incontinence,” or “bladder.” Exclusion criteria included 1) not free, 2) not updated in past year, 3) required a product for use, 4) not in English. Apps were evaluated using the Xcertia Guidelines. Categories included Operability, Privacy, Security, Content, and Usability. Ratings and sentiment of reviews were assessed, and associations analyzed with one-sided Fisher's exact test. Apps with an informational component were evaluated for quality, usability and actionability using DISCERN and PEMAT criteria. ResultsOverall, a total of 73 apps were found and 28 were included. There was an average number of ratings of 2341 and an average score of 3.39 for all the apps included. The average number of reviews was 216.2, with the majority of reviews having positive sentiment. A high number of ratings was associated with a high rating score (p < 0.05) and a high number of reviews was associated with a high percentage of positive reviews (p < 0.05). Based on Xcertia Guidelines, all apps met the guidelines for privacy, security, and usability. Regarding content, 67.9 % of apps incorporated an informational component, but only 17.9 % delineated sources. The average DISCERN score for information quality indicated good quality information (>3). The average PEMAT scores for Understandability and Actionability were 90.6 % and 86.6 %, respectively, which are good scores (≥75 %). ConclusionsMost free apps were functional and well received by users, however quality of app content varied. Only some apps had an informational component, and even fewer had sources listed. Providers recommending health apps should consider those that meet Xcertia guidelines, have reliable information, and have good understandability and actionability.

Access to Information and Other Correlates of Vote Buying and Selling Behaviour: Insights from Philippine Data

Access to information is a key factor influencing political behaviour and decisions. Recent studies on vote buying and selling have tried to unpack the possible drivers behind this phenomenon; yet, few studies have empirically examined the role of different sources of information. This study contributes to the nascent literature in this area by turning to a unique dataset from a survey of low-income voters in Metro Manila, the Philippines. It empirically examined the relationship between access to information and vote selling behaviour by low-income voters. It also studied other correlates of vote selling and the possible factors linked to receiving an offer. The results suggest that the quantity of information has no significant relationship with the likelihood of accepting the offer and voting for the candidate for whom the offer was made. However, the quality of information does matter. In particular, access to sources of ‘good quality information’ is negatively associated with completing the vote selling transaction (i.e., accepting the offer and voting for the candidate). This study also found evidence that when money is used for vote buying, it appears to be targeted at those with greater needs, confirming the literature that vote buying activities tend to be well targeted at poor and low-income communities. Unsurprisingly, vote buying offers are more likely in areas where elections are closely contested, and they are also more likely in socially cohesive communities. Our findings also suggest that vote buying may not necessarily be effective in the sense that it encourages only few voters to change their candidate preference. This coheres with earlier studies suggesting that vote buying and selling merely caps a longstanding patron–client relationship between politicians and low-income voters. JEL: D72, D91, K49

General population's knowledge about the anatomical locations of organs and medical terms today and 50 years ago: a replication study.

Background: Physicians are frequently not aware that patients may not be familiar with the meaning of medical terms or have limited knowledge about the location of organs. These aspects of functional health competence require particular attention when designing communication curricula for undergraduate medical students. The aim of our study was to evaluate the knowledge of laypersons about the anatomical locations of organs and the definitions of commonly used medical terms as relevant aspects of health literacy. Furthermore, we wished to compare it with the knowledge of a historical patient cohort who performed this study 50 years ago.Methods: In this replication study, multiple-choice questionnaires with simple anatomy and common medical terms which were published in 1970 were distributed among a convenience sample of lay volunteers (n=537) from the streets of Hamburg, Germany. Sociodemographic data including sex, age, highest educational school achievement, occupation in a field associated with medicine, and German as first language were also collected. The percentage of laypersons’ correct answers was compared to the percentage of correct answers of a historical patient cohort (n=234) published in 1970 to identify the development of health literacy as basis for curricular planning. Results: Laypersons showed significantly more correct answers in four of eight simple anatomical locations of organs (p<0.001). For seven commonly used medical terms laypersons only gave significantly more correct answers for the definitions of “jaundice” (p<0.001) and “diarrhoea” (p=0.001) compared to the historical cohort from 1970. Participants with a senior high school degree performed significantly better with respect to total scores of correct organ locations (p<0.001, d=0.35) and correct definitions of medical terms (p=0.001, d=0.30) than participants who completed junior high school.Conclusion: The definitions of common medical terms and the correct anatomical locations of organs by laypersons have increased during the past 50 years but could still need improvement by school education and media information of better quality. Medical educators should know about the low health literacy of laypersons with respect to these aspects to raise medical students’ awareness for this problem and to provide communication training for medical students to use comprehensible language during history taking and shared decision making.

658 An Audit of Frequency of Cancer Genetics Referral in Patients with a Family History of Colorectal Cancer

Abstract Introduction Guidelines on the management of hereditary colorectal cancers were updated in 2019. In this study, data from patients within the colonoscopy surveillance programme for hereditary cancer at York Teaching Hospitals Trust were analysed to assess category of risk and appropriateness of referrals to regional geneticists. Method After examination of electronic records and clinical notes, patients were assigned a risk category of average, moderate or high according to the Amsterdam criteria and latest BSG/ACPGBI/UKCGG guidelines. Patients were then assessed to see if a concurrent referral had been made to the regional cancer genetic services. Results There were 228 patients. 72(31.6%) patients were in the average, 81(35.5%) in the moderate and 41(18%) were in the high-risk category. 34 (14.9%) patients with insufficient data and/or assessments were in the indeterminate category. 18 of 72 (25%) patients with average risk were unnecessarily referred to the regional genetics team, while 5/41(12%) of high-risk patients were not. A large proportion of patients with insufficient data (19/34, 55.8%) were rightly or wrongly, referred to the regional genetics team. Conclusions Assessment of hereditary cancer risk is difficult in the absence of good quality information. Risk assessment may be improved with use of a dedicated family history questionnaire/template - this facilitates identification of high-risk patients that benefit most from referral to geneticists.

Çocuklarda Genel Anestezi Altında Uygulanan Diş Tedavileri ile İlgili YouTube™ Videolarının İçerik Analizi

Amaç: Bu çalışmada YouTubeTM platformunda bulunan çocuklarda genel anestezi altında diş tedavisi ile ilgili videoların bilgi içeriği kalitelerini değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: YouTubeTM video paylaşım sitesine “çocuklarda genel anestezi altında diş tedavisi” ve “genel anestezi altında diş tedavisi” terimleri girilerek tarama yapılmıştır. Arama sonucunda 113 video olduğu belirlenmiş ve hariç tutma kriterleri uygulandıktan sonra toplam 24 video değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Her bir video tek bir araştırmacı tarafından izlenmiş ve bu videolara ait izlenme, beğenilme, beğenilmeme ve yorum sayıları, videonun süresi (dakika), videonun yüklendiği tarihten beri geçen gün ve video kaynağı bilgileri kaydedilmiştir. Video içerik kalitesinin sınıflandırılabilmesi için 8 parametreden oluşan bir puanlama sistemi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel değerlendirme için Kruskall Wallis testi, Mann-Whitney U testi ve Spearman korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık değeri p&amp;lt;0,05 olarak alınmıştır. Bulgular: YouTubeTM platformunda yer alan çocuklarda genel anestezi altında diş tedavisi ile ilgili videoların 3412.83 ± 6082.48 defa izlendiği, 10.13 ± 14.38 defa beğenildiği, 0.96 ± 1.93 defa beğenilmediği ve bu videolara 3.79 ± 9.81 adet yorum yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Tüm videolardan 11’inin zayıf kalitede bilgi içeriğine, 10’unun orta kalitede bilgi içeriğine ve 3’ünün iyi kalitede bilgi içeriğine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. İyi kalitede bilgi içeriğine sahip videoların video süresinin, beğenilme sayısının, izlenme oranı ve bilginin güvenilirliği skorlarının kötü kalitede bilgi içeriğine sahip videolardan anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu (p&amp;lt;0,05) ancak orta kalitede bilgi içeriğine sahip videolar ile aralarında anlamlı farklılık olmadığı belirlenmiştir (p&amp;gt;0,05). Sonuç: Çocuklarda genel anestezi altında diş tedavisi ile ilgili YouTube ™ platformunda yer alan videolar bilgi sağlama yönünden yetersizdir. Bu nedenle hekimler ebeveynleri doğru ve güncel bilgileri edinebilmeleri için uygun ve profesyonel kaynaklara yönlendirmelidir.

Regional Distribution of Causes of Death for Small Areas in Brazil, 1998-2017.

Background: What is the spatial pattern of mortality by cause and sex in Brazil? Even considering the main causes of death, such as neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, external causes, respiratory diseases, and infectious diseases, there are still important debate regarding the spatial pattern of mortality by causes in Brazil. Evidence shows that there is an overlap in transitional health states, due to the persistence of infectious diseases (e.g., dengue, cholera, malaria, etc.,) in parallel with the increase in chronic degenerative diseases. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of three groups of causes of death in Brazil across small areas from 1998 to 2017, by sex.Methods: We use publicly available data from the System Data Mortality Information (SIM-DATASUS) from 1998 to 2017. We focus on this period due to the better quality of information, in addition to all deaths are registered following the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). We estimate standardized mortality rates by sex and cause aggregated into three main groups. We use a ternary color scheme to maximize all the information in a three-dimensional array of compositional data.Results: We find improvements in mortality from chronic degenerative diseases; faster declines are observed in the Southern regions of the country; but the persistence of high levels of mortality due to infectious diseases remained in the northern parts of the country. We also find impressive differences in external causes of deaths between males and females and an increase in mortality from these causes in the interior part of the country.Conclusions: This study provides useful information for policy makers in establishing effective measures for the prevention of deaths and public health planning for deaths from external and non-communicable causes. We observed how the distribution of causes of death varies across regions and how the patterns of mortality also vary by gender.

IMPACT OF LOTTERY INCENTIVE ON RESPONSE RATE AND DATA QUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM ORGANIC FOOD CONSUMPTION SURVEY OF CONVENTIONAL SHOPPERS

Incentives of different forms and at different stages are used for motivating people to participate in human subject research. Although it is widely accepted that incentives, in general, play a positive role in increasing participation rate and are widely used, there are exceptions that they may not increase response rate and may even contaminate the quality of data resulting in poor research findings. This study examines the impact of pre- and post-disclosed committed lottery incentives on response rate and data quality in a face-to-face survey of conventional consumers for organic food consumption. A survey was conducted at the premises of four conventional grocery stores in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Half of the randomly approached and agreed upon respondents were disclosed the lottery incentives at the beginning, and the rest half were told at the end. Data quality was measured using three indicators – edit occurrences, imputation occurrences, and proportion of incomplete answers. Our study finds little difference in response rate between pre- and post-disclosed committed lottery payments. However, the useability of incomplete questionnaires among post-disclosed lottery was significantly higher than those of pre-disclosed. Our study also shows that people with likings of organic food and buying organic food more frequently are likely to offer a better quality of information.

The innovation center as part of strategic management accounting

Subject. In the article, I select and substantiate an effective strategy for innovation. To control its implementation, there should be a reliable database, which may proceed from modern statistical accounting as it splits the governance into financial responsibility centers. Objectives. I substantiate ways to sort out the data flow as part of strategic management accounting by innovation center, considering the strategic management system decentralized by financial responsibility centers. Methods. To set up practical guidelines, I referred to proceedings of the Russian and foreign scholars. I used methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalization. Results. I indicate how the accountable competence of the innovation center can be structured, so as to determine the goal, objectives, functions and aspects it is to deal with. The article also presents the composition and scope of strategic management accounting the center is to keep. Conclusions and Relevance. The focus areas to be structured in the accountable competence of the innovation center will contribute to the advancement of methodological principles of strategic management accounting and reporting, a better quality of information supplied for the strategic management system and the higher efficiency of administrative decisions on innovation. The findings are of practical importance for adjusting the development of the innovation strategy and control over the performance and efficiency of investment processes and, consequently, the increment in the market value of the company.

Beyond individualisation: towards a more contextualised understanding of women’s social egg freezing experiences

Recently, Petersen provided in this journal a critical discussion of individualisation arguments in the context of social egg freezing. This argument underlines the idea that it is morally problematic to...

Quality and readability of French on-line information about otitis media with effusion

IntroductionChildhood otitis media with effusion (OME) is a frequent disease often misunderstood by parents. Information on the Internet is of variable quality and readability. The aim of this study was to measure the quality and readability of French websites related to OME. Material and methodsAn advanced Google search was conducted using the terms “Otite séro-muqueuse OR Otite séreuse”. Quality was assessed on DISCERN criteria. Readability was assessed using Flesch Reading Ease Scoring (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) and a Fry graph. Medians and standard deviations were calculated. Correlation between quality and readability was assessed on Spearman r coefficient. ResultsThe first ten websites meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were evaluated. One had been updated during the last 12 months. Median DISCERN score was 49±13.7/80. Median FRES score was 46±9.5/100. Median USA grade-level estimated by FKGL and SMOG respectively was 11±1.7 and 12±1.5. Six websites had Fry score>12. One website showed high quality. One had a readability score in the target range (below 9th grade reading level (age 14–15)) according to FRES and FKGL. A suggestive correlation was found between lower SMOG readability and higher quality: r=0.72 (P=0.024). Three websites followed the most recent scientific guidelines. ConclusionOnline information about OME was of variable quality and readability. Good quality information tended to be less easily understandable by parents.

Online educational materials for appendectomy patients have good quality but poor readability

BackgroundGuidelines recommend patient health-related information be written at or below the sixth-grade level. This study evaluates the readability level and quality of online appendectomy patient education materials. MethodsWebpages were evaluated using seven readability formulae: Flesh-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning Fog Index (GFI), Coleman-Liau Index (CLI), Automated Readability Index (ARI), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), and New Dale-Chall (NDC). Two evaluators assessed quality using the Brief DISCERN tool. ResultsThirty seven webpages were analyzed. The mean readability scores were: FKGL = 9.11, GFI = 11.82, CLI = 10.84, ARI = 7.99, SMOG = 11.88, FRE = 51.17, and NDC = 5.48. 6 of the 7 readability formulae indicate that the materials were written at too high a level. The average Brief DISCERN score was 17.81, indicating good quality. ConclusionsReadability levels for online appendectomy patient education materials are higher than recommended but are of good quality. Authors of such materials should not only provide good quality information but also ensure readability.

Feeling prepared to face COVID-19 pandemic among Venezuelans in Chile: findings from an opinion poll.

International migration is a social determinant of health. The past decade has seen a large exodus of Venezuelans within Latin America, including Chile. In the past months, the world has been facing the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic and its respiratory disease COVID-19. To explore what factors are associated with feeling prepared to face the COVID-19 pandemic among the Venezuelan population residing in Chile. Cross-sectional quantitative study with an opinion poll design. An online self-reported survey in Spanish and Creole was designed and piloted with experts and international migrants. It was disseminated to various international migrant groups through networks of migrant and pro-migrant organizations and the Chilean public health care network across the national territory. An effective sample size for analysis of 1690 participants was reached, of which 1008 (60%) were from Venezuela and included in this analysis. Feeling prepared to face the COVID-19 pandemic (yes/no) among Venezuelan migrants was described, as well as relevant variables like sex, level of education, length of stay, healthcare provision, anxiety or depression due to COVID-19, confinement, and evaluation of the quality of the information provided by the COVID-19 government. 65% of the Venezuelan participants reported not feeling prepared for the pandemic. Compared to Venezuelan migrants who feel prepared to face the COVID-19 pandemic, migrants who reported not feeling prepared were in a higher proportion female, with secondary education level, had arrived in Chile in the past year, do not have a job but want to work, and belong to the public healthcare provision. Receiving good quality information on the pandemic and mental health symptoms are important factors associated with feeling prepared to face COVID-19 in Venezuelan migrants in Chile, suggesting that increased attention towards the physical and mental health of Venezuelan migrants in Chile and the region is needed.

Development of a method for flood detection based on Sentinel‐1 images and classifier algorithms

AbstractFloods are one of the most devastating natural disasters in the world, displacing millions of people each year and causing severe damage to people's lives and infrastructure. It is the most widespread hydrological hazard worldwide that affects water management, nature protection, economic activities, hydromorphological alterations on ecosystem services and human health. Real‐time monitoring systems play a key role in flood risk reduction and disaster response decisions. Studies have shown that using earth observation data for flood monitoring and timely actions based on good quality information reduces damages. In this paper, after thresholding, a machine learning algorithm and an object‐based classification method were used to classify the SAR data. Thresholding helps detect regions in the flooded areas. A comparison of the results showed that the machine learning algorithm obtained significant results. Because of the results obtained, the usefulness of Sentinel‐1 images as a baseline data for the improvement of the methodological guide is appreciated and should be used as a new source to monitor the flood risks.

Digitalization in the meat chain

The meat supply chain should be regularly monitored to ensure the safety of products. Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things and blockchain technologies will have a tremendous and disruptive effect on the meat supply chain system in terms of improving the monitoring and surveillance of hazards at multiple points along the meat chain (pre-harvest, harvest, post-harvest), in the farm-to-retail continuum, as well as providing better quality of information to consumers for informed decisions regarding food purchase. The farm-to-fork food chain continuum should be managed to provide an appropriate level of consumer protection (ALOP). This can be achieved by science-based risk assessment, which includes information about the prevalence and concentration of major public health hazards (epidemiological indicators) of zoonotic origin (Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli/STEC) in all modules along the food (meat) chain: farm - transport - slaughterhouse - meat processing - distribution - retail - consumers. The integration of digital technologies to the Food (Meat) Safety Management System or Meat Safety Assurance System will enhance the integration of Food Chain Information and Harmonized Epidemiological Indicators along the meat chain, from farm to retail (bottom-up) and vice versa from retail to farm (top-down). Meat chain digitalization will also increase the transparency and visibility of all actors involved in meat production, processing, distribution and retail (farmers, meat business operators, competent authorities, retailers), and provide the basis for benchmarking producers and retail chains, as well as pro-active consumer participation in defining future food policies at the national and global level.

Formation of Ukrainian-language competence of foreign medical students in the cultural and educational space of a higher education institution

The purpose of teaching Ukrainian to English-speaking medical students is to promote their ability to have professional communication in the Ukrainian language in the cultural and educational space of higher education, as well as during their medical practice. To a large extent, the effectiveness of such communication is stimulated by interdepartmental projects. Based on the analysis, generalization of scientific sources, and educational practice, the article outlines the peculiarities of the formation of Ukrainian-language competence of foreign medical students through involvement in an interdepartmental project on academic culture and information literacy. Terminological analysis, generalization of research, and educational practice gave grounds to clarify the essence of Ukrainian-language competence of a foreign medical student as a professionally important integrative quality of a foreign student’s personality, which allows the applicant to effectively communicate in Ukrainian in the educational and socio-cultural environment. We consider the formation of Ukrainian-language competence of foreign medical students in the cultural and educational space of higher education as a competence-oriented educational process that takes into account, in particular, personality-oriented, communicative, competence approaches and principles of student-centered learning, multifunctionality of the Ukrainian language education, training, and development, as well as intercultural peculiarities, connection with a native language, intercultural dialogue, and personal orientation. The process of effective communicative and pedagogical interaction of foreign students and teachers-mentors in the cultural and educational environment of an institution is stimulated by interdepartmental projects on the formation of the basis of academic culture, integrity, and information literacy. The involvement of English-speaking students of Sumy State University Medical Faculty in research projects provided an opportunity to give practical assistance to the students in developing skills to use good quality information about Ukraine, history, culture, traditions of the city, university, to encourage practical skills of tolerant communication in cross-cultural discussion classes, round tables, during scientific and practical conferences, to promote awareness of moral and ethical values of the medical profession.

Quality Surveillance of Anti-Tuberculosis Medicines in Tanzania, 2012-2018

Background: The use of substandard and falsified (SF) anti-tuberculosis (ant-TB) medicines may lead to treatment failure and development of drug resistance. SF medicinal products are claimed to be more prevalent in developing countries with high burden of tuberculosis disease. National Regulatory Authorities therefore, should ensure that the quality of these life-saving medicines is systematically monitored. We conducted a post marketing surveillance study to determine the quality of anti-tuberculosis medicines circulating on the market in Tanzania Mainland. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study conducted between 2012 and 2018. Purposive sampling technique was used in collecting a total of 777 samples of anti-tuberculosis medicines. Samples were collected from ports of entry, Medical Stores Department (MSD) and healthcare facilities in 16 regions of Tanzania Mainland. All collected samples were subjected quality screening using Global Pharma Health Fund® (GPHF) Mini-Lab kits. Only samples collected from MSD and healthcare facilities were subjected to product information review. Samples collected from MSD and healthcare facilities that did not comply with GPHF protocol requirements or yielded doubtful results and ten percent (10%) of all those that complied were subjected to tier II confirmatory testing using full pharmacopoeia monographs at the Tanzania Medicines and Medical Device (TMDA) Quality Control Laboratory which is prequalified by the World Health Organization. Results: All 777 collected samples complied with the requirements of both GPHF minilab protocol and respective compendial monographs when subjected to screening and confirmatory testing, respectively. Of the samples collected from medicine distribution outlets 71.3% (176/247) samples did not comply with product information requirements as per TMDA labelling requirements and approved product information. Conclusion: These Results calls for continuously reinforcing and monitoring of Ant-TB medicines to ensure that only those of good quality and proper information are circulating on the Tanzanian mainland market.

Quality and readability of internet information about stuttering

PurposeWe examined the quality and readability of English-language Internet information about stuttering and evaluated the results considering recommendations by experts in health literacy. MethodA search of Internet websites containing information about stuttering was conducted. Three key words (i.e., stuttering, stammering, speech disfluency) were entered into five country-specific versions of the most commonly used Internet search engine. A total of 79 websites were assessed. Their origin (commercial, non-profit, government, personal or university), quality [Health On the Net (HON) certification and DISCERN scores], and readability [Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) score, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Formula (F-KGL), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG)] were assessed. ResultsOf the 79 websites, 38 % were of commercial, 42 % were of nonprofit organization, 15 % were of government and 5% were of university origins, respectively. Only 13 % had obtained HON certification and the mean DISCERN scores was 3.10 in a 5-point scale. The mean reading grade levels were at 13th and 14th grade and 100 % of the websites exceeded the recommended 5th to 6th reading grade level for health information. ConclusionsThe quality of Internet-based health information about the treatment of stuttering is generally adequate, but actual usability of the sites examined in this study may be limited due to poor readability levels. This is problematic in persons with poor literacy skills. Since the Internet can be readily accessed as a valuable consumer information resource, speech-language pathologists and other healthcare professionals have an opportunity to direct consumers to websites that provide readable information of good quality.

Assessing E-Commerce Success from a Millennial Perspective in Indonesia

This research was conducted to assess the success of e-commerce from the perspective of the millennial generation in Indonesia. This research was conducted through a case study on the Bukalapak Application, which in recent times has decreased from the perspective of the number of visitors. This study refers to the DeLon and McLean Updated Information System Success Model. The measurement indicators used in this study were modified based on a review of several recent studies. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire distributed to 291 respondents consisting of Bukalapak Application users who are included in the millennial generation in Indonesia. Based on the research results above, it can be concluded that all hypotheses can be accepted. Where the quality of information and customer satisfaction has a stronger influence on the use of the Bukalapak Application. Whereas service quality and system quality have a stronger influence on customer satisfaction in using the Bukalapak Application. Then user satisfaction has a stronger effect than using the system at a net profit. It is also known that the millennial generation in Indonesia also considers that the Bukalapak Application has good information quality, system quality, and service quality. Millennial also claims to have used the Bukalapak Application and expressed satisfaction with using the Bukalapak Application and stated that the Bukalapak Application was useful.

The disclosure of investments related to CSR in the management report. Evidence from non-financial listed companies in Poland and Croatia

Purpose: The paper examines the quality of information on investments related to corporate social re-sponsibility (CSR) in reports prepared by Polish and Croatian companies. The purpose of this paper is to assess the quality of information on investments related to corporate social responsibility (CSR), as con-tained in the management reports of non-financial companies listed on the Warsaw and Zagreb Stock Exchanges. Methodology/approach: basic research method is content analysis applied to the manage-ment reports of non-financial companies listed on the aforementioned stock exchanges. The examined period covers the years 2010-2018. Findings: The result of comparing the quality of information on investments related to CSR disclosure in Poland and Croatia shows that Polish companies disclosed higher quality information than Croatian companies. However, in both cases, we cannot notice very good quality information. They show the information on expenditure on environmental protection, local socie-ty and improving the working conditions of their employees. However, none of the examined companies uses the term Socially Responsible Investments. Originality/values: The results of the research increase knowledge in the field of reporting and the quality of information on investments related to CSR in man-agement reports prepared by Polish and Croatian non-financial companies.