Good Research Practice Research Articles

A Digital Pornography Literacy Resource Co-Designed With Vulnerable Young People: Development of "The Gist".

BackgroundThe impact of viewing pornography at a young age on the sexual health of subgroups of young people is an important public health issue. However, the topic is complex and extremely sensitive, and best practices for research and harm reduction are yet to be defined. Drawing on cross-disciplinary approaches, such as co-design, is one way to achieve a better understanding of the issue among vulnerable young people and to create needs-based and evidence-informed digital resources to promote pornography literacy.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to co-design a relevant, usable, and acceptable digital prototype to address the pornography literacy needs of vulnerable young people.MethodsIn total, 17 young people aged between 14 and 23 years who were engaged in youth services programs or alternative education programs were recruited to participate in 4 co-design workshops with a multidisciplinary design team.ResultsAlthough the participants could identify problems with pornography and critique its messages, they lacked the information to understand alternative healthy attitudes and behaviors. A digital resource that provides detailed and practical information about sex, sexual ethics, and relationships may help vulnerable young people to identify and contrast with any problematic messages they receive from both pornography and society. Embedding this information with pornography literacy messages may be a more effective way of addressing underlying attitudes. Acknowledging information-seeking patterns and leveraging user interaction patterns from commonly used digital platforms among users may enhance engagement with resources. Importantly, digital platforms are perceived among this group as a source of anonymous secondary information but would not be organically accessed among this group without face-to-face conversations as an access point.ConclusionsThis paper highlights the potential for pornography literacy to be embedded within real and practical information about having sex, navigating sexuality, and healthy relationships. The study findings include important recommendations for the conceptualization of digital pornography literacy programs and opportunities for cross-disciplinary co-design research to address complex and emerging health issues.

¿Certificación en buenas prácticas éticas de la investigación? Una necesidad para incentivar la producción científica.

Abstract Research is a fundamental source for the growth of countries and for the development of disciplines. Several factors influence the low scientific productivity of professionals belonging to the health area in Chile, highlighting a series of obstacles. The creation of a certification program on good ethical practices of clinical research in studies whose nature is descriptive could facilitate the connections between clinicians and scientific ethics committees, as well as being an incentive for greater scientific productivity Keywords: Good practices, Certification, Ethics, Research.

'Policing' a pandemic: Garda wellbeing and COVID-19.

In response to the global pandemic COVID-19, the Irish government has called upon the Garda Síochána to implement an unparalleled mode of policing to mitigate and contain the spread of the Coronavirus. Studies investigating smaller scale epidemics, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), indicate that staff at the frontlines of an outbreak are exposed to an insuperable amount of stress and experience increased psychological morbidities as a result. Furthermore, research not only indicates that heighted levels of psychological distress are an occupational hazard associated with the law enforcement profession, but that members of the Garda Síochána feel their mental health needs are largely unmet by their organisation. Given the pandemic's propensity to expose officers to indeterminate echelons of physical and psychological threat; there has never been a more appropriate time to explore the potential burdens associated with 'policing' a pandemic, question the governments capacity to address the psychological support needs of frontline professionals, and plan future research for best practice.

Using Positive Behavior Role Plays to Prepare Teacher Candidates for the Classroom: An Exercise for Classroom Management

Teacher education programs across the country may infuse the latest research and resources of best practices in managing a classroom but there are not many opportunities to practice guidance and managing classroom behavior unless it arises while teaching in the actual classroom. There is not often a time or place to “practice” managing the classroom environment or practice encountering misbehavior until the actual situation arises within a field placement in an elementary classroom of students. Role play allows preservice teachers to practice guidance and behavior management of K-12 students in the college classroom.

Analysis of Open Data and Computational Reproducibility in Registered Reports in Psychology

Ongoing technological developments have made it easier than ever before for scientists to share their data, materials, and analysis code. Sharing data and analysis code makes it easier for other researchers to reuse or check published research. However, these benefits will emerge only if researchers can reproduce the analyses reported in published articles and if data are annotated well enough so that it is clear what all variable and value labels mean. Because most researchers are not trained in computational reproducibility, it is important to evaluate current practices to identify those that can be improved. We examined data and code sharing for Registered Reports published in the psychological literature from 2014 to 2018 and attempted to independently computationally reproduce the main results in each article. Of the 62 articles that met our inclusion criteria, 41 had data available, and 37 had analysis scripts available. Both data and code for 36 of the articles were shared. We could run the scripts for 31 analyses, and we reproduced the main results for 21 articles. Although the percentage of articles for which both data and code were shared (36 out of 62, or 58%) and the percentage of articles for which main results could be computationally reproduced (21 out of 36, or 58%) were relatively high compared with the percentages found in other studies, there is clear room for improvement. We provide practical recommendations based on our observations and cite examples of good research practices in the studies whose main results we reproduced.

TEICORPO: A Conversion Tool for Spoken Language Transcription with a Pivot File in TEI

CORLI is a consortium of Huma-Num, the French national infrastructure dedicated to the technical support and promotion of digital humanities. The goal of CORLI is to promote and provide tools and information for good and efficient research practices in corpus linguistics and especially spoken language corpora. Because of the time required to collect and transcribe spoken language resources, their number is limited and thus corpora need to be interoperable and reusable in order to improve research on various themes (phonology, prosody, interaction, syntax, textometry…). To help researchers reach this goal, CORLI has designed a set of tools: TEICORPO to assist in the conversion and use of spoken language corpora, and TEIMETA for metadata purposes. TEICORPO is based on the principle of an underlying common format, namely the TEI as described in its specification for spoken language use (ISO/TEI 24624:2016). This tool enables the conversion of transcriptions created with alignment software such as CLAN, Transcriber, Praat or ELAN as well as common file formats (csv, xlsx, txt or docx) and the TEI format, which plays the role of a pivot format, without losing information. Backward conversion is possible in many cases, with limitations inherent to the destination target format. TEICORPO can run the Treetagger Part of Speech tagger and the Stanford CoreNLP tools on TEI files and can export the resulting files to textometric tools such as TXM, Le Trameur, or Iramuteq, making it a tool dedicated to spoken language corpora editing as well as to various research purposes.

The effectiveness of cognitive analytic therapy for borderline personality disorder: Utilizing a withdrawal experimental design to improve sensitivity to abandonment.

A primary methodological weakness of the single-case experimental design (SCED) outcome studies conducted of the treatment of personality disorder with cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is that they have failed to employ a withdrawal phase or cross-over design and so are deemed quasi-experimental. This study sought to implement a withdrawal design, in order to improve the internal validity of the study to make it a true SCED, and also in order to enable the patient to explore abandonment dynamics. The study employed an A1 /B1 /A2 /B2 with extended follow-up SCED with a female patient treated with CAT meeting diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Following the 6-week baseline period 'A1 ', treatment occurred in two phases (21 sessions 'B1 ' and 24 sessions 'B2 ') sandwiching a 12-week treatment withdrawal phase ('A2 ') and a 24-week structured follow-up phase. Seven idiographic daily measures were collected that created a N=698day timeline. Nomothetic outcome measures were collected at baseline and at the end of each phase of the study, and the Session Impact Scale was completed after each treatment session. There was a significant increase in the task focus of treatment sessions. Ideographically, CAT was an effective treatment for improving the participant's self-to-self relationship, as their self-hate reduced and their sense-of-self increased. There was a broad pattern of deterioration during the second treatment phase (B2 ) and follow-up phase across the ideographic measures, and CAT was ineffective for BPD ideographic emotional or self-to-other measures. Reliable change occurred on the primary BPD nomothetic outcome measure from baseline to end of first treatment phase. The study suggests that the CAT intervention was partially successful and that it is possible to integrate good research practice with clinical innovation. The methodological strengths and limitations of the design and the clinical implications of the results are discussed. Cognitive analytic therapy was partially effective in the treatment of BPD in a case that had been unresponsive to other psychological interventions. Therapists need to complete lengthy and structured follow-up to capture any emerging relapse. Therapists need to discuss the patient's thoughts and feelings about termination regularly in a relationally informed manner.

PMU40 VALIDATION OF AN ICD-10 CODING ADAPTATION FOR THE CHARLSON COMORBIDITY INDEX IN UNITED STATES HEALTHCARE ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

An ICD-10 coding adaptation of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) has not yet been validated for predicting one-year mortality in US healthcare data. We validated a previously developed coding adaptation in US administrative claims and compared its performance with the Canadian adaptation (Quan et al. Med Care 2005;43:1130-9) currently used in some US healthcare studies. Cohorts of patients with diverse medical conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, hip/knee replacement, lumbar spine surgery, AMI, stroke, pneumonia) in the IBM MarketScan Research Databases (a US commercial claims data source) were linked with the IBM MarketScan Mortality file. Predictive ability of both the US and Canadian coding adaptations of the CCI was measured using c-statistics, after adjusting for age and sex, and compared by the method of DeLong and colleagues (Biometrics; 1988;44:837-45). Full code lists are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3604394. C-statistics were generally high (∼0.8 or greater) for five of seven patient cohorts. Results were similar between the US and Canadian adaptations, with absolute differences <0.001. For lumbar spine surgery, CCI contributed a more substantial role in predicting 12-month mortality than for other conditions. For hip/knee replacement and pneumonia, age and sex played a more substantial role, while for AMI and stroke, other factors were likely more important (e.g., distribution of vascular disease, severity, health delivery factors, etc) although age, sex, and CCI play some role for predicting mortality. This US ICD-10 coding adaptation of the CCI performed well in US commercial claims for predicting one-year mortality and similarly to the Canadian adaptation. Using the Canadian adaptation had minimal impact on predictive ability but could result in erroneous assignment of comorbidities (i.e., construct validity). We recommend using adaptations specific to the country of origin of the data based on good research practice.

Gender-Based Violence and Femicide in Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Study of Population Mortality Estimates from 2001-2017

Background: Gender-based violence is a major public health concern arising from the structural discrimination of women and girls. In 2014, Ecuador criminalized acts of femicide in response to a growing crisis across the region. As no epidemiological studies on the state of femicides have been published, we estimated trends occurring between 2001 and 2017. Methods: Using data from the National Institute of Census and Statistics we estimated the annual mortality rates, cumulative incidence and relative risks for female homicides, from 2001 – 2017. The impact of aggressions, assaults and violence on years of life lost due to premature mortality was estimated using the Human Capital method. Findings: Over the period, at least 3,236 cases of female homicides were reported. The highest murder rate occurred in the province of Sucumbios (6·5 per 100,000) and in the Putumayo canton (12·5 per 100,000). The most common way to murder their victims was using firearms (38%). The highest relative risk was estimated for women aged between 25-29, at 4·5 (3·9 – 5·1), of primary school attainment at 17·2 (14·6 - 20·3) and of Afro-Ecuadoran descent 18·1 (10·5- 30·9). Femicide-related costs reached, on average, $35 million per year and more than $500 million lost from 2001 to 2017. Interpretation: The high rates, distribution and cost indicate that investments are urgently needed to address the structural causes and reduce the impact of femicides in Ecuador; thereby protecting the livelihood and well-being of their women and girls. Funding Statement: This work was funded by the Universidad de Las Americas Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The current epidemiological study included ecological data from all reported cases of femicide, homicides and crime related deaths in Ecuador. This analysis did not contain access to any source of identifiable information. The entire dataset is anonymized and is publicly available in the following website https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/nacimientos_y_defunciones/. According to the international good clinical and research practice and in accordance with Ecuadorian legislation on clinical investigation involving humans, ethical approval by a local or international institutional review board (IRB) is not required.

Borrowing theories: contextual and empirical considerations

Emerging disciplines, such as Construction Management/Economics, inevitably borrow theory and methods from other, more mature disciplines. In doing so, both the content of the borrowed theory and the contexts in which it has been used as well as the new context in which it will be used are fundamental concerns. Contexts have determined the content of theories and impact their applications – including validities and reliability of results and findings. Through a review of leading literature on theory borrowing, this Note discusses the major issues involved and suggests considerations and precautions to ensure good research practice when borrowing theory – content, context, and methods.

Increasing sexual misconduct: Going beyond victim blaming

India is a country known for its heritage. Man protecting woman has been long considered a virtue rather than good conduct in our country. Just like good clinical practices in research there are few basic tenets on which every society stands and socio-cultural systems are built up.

Experimental design issues in choice-based conjoint applied to patient choice in healthcare.

Choice-based conjoint (CBC) is used to understand how individuals develop preferences for decision alternatives. When decision alternatives can be described in terms of attributes, researchers want to determine the value respondents attach to various attribute levels. Popular in psychology, marketing, economics and other areas, CBC is now finding applications in healthcare to understand patient choice in healthcare policy, drug development, doctor-patient communications, etc. However, a lack of standard methodologies has served as a barrier to its use in healthcare. Therefore, there is a need to identify good research practices for CBC in healthcare. We review recent advances in CBC such as Pareto optimal choice sets, information per profile and reducing choice set sizes, as applied to patient choice.

Innovación en la capacitación docente online: un modelo organizacional para brindar apoyo a largo plazo a la docencia online

In 2008, Penn State University’s online delivery organization, Penn State World Campus, established a dedicated faculty development unit to improve online instruction. The Online Faculty Development (OFD) unit was designed to prepare faculty for online teaching through a large and varied curriculum of asynchronous online training courses built on the theory and research of best practices for online instruction. This paper describes the Penn State World Campus OFD unit, its mission and program, and the assumptions underlying its day-to-day operations.

Scientific integrity among nursing students participating in the Scientific Initiation Program: An exploratory study.

Objective:To know the positions and practices adopted by nursing students in scientific initiation programs about the principles of scientific integrity in the different stages of the process of doing science.Method:An exploratory study of a quantitative nature, in which nursing student participants of the Scientific Initiation Program from the Federal District were interviewed.Results:Fifty (50) nursing students participated in the study. Most of the interviewed participants presented good notions about the process of conducting research in its different stages. Nevertheless, it was found that even though they were familiar with good scientific practices, students did not always behave in the most responsible manner. It was observed that the knowledge on topics related to the ethics of the scientific process was predominantly obtained through formal education, consisting of classes and courses. Nonetheless, the importance of complementary spaces such as research and research groups is recognized.Conclusion:Research experiences are important educational and vocational training spaces for students. Therefore, good research practices need to be included early in the academic curriculum.

Validation of interventions for risk of impaired skin integrity in adult and aged patients.

to validate nursing interventions for the diagnosis Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity in adult and aged hospitalized patients. descriptive, quantitative study, using the content validity of interventions done by 14 specialist nurses. the specialist nurses had worked in the area for more than five years. Four (28.5%) used NANDA-I and CIPE®, three (21.4%) used NANDA-I, NIC and CIPE®, three (21.4%) used NANDA-I, NIC, NOC and CIPE® and four (28.5%) were currently working only with CIPE®. The validation analyzed 32 NIC interventions, of which 11 were priority and 21 were suggested. Of the priority interventions, five belonged to the Physiological/Complex domain, five to the Physiological/Basic domain and one to the Safety Domain. nursing interventions are essential for planning and support good practices in teaching, research and care.

How behavioral science can inform policies to prevent discrimination against the Asian community in the era of COVID-19

The Asian community in the United States has seen an enormous uptick in discriminatory experiences since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian individuals have reported discrimination within their workplaces, in their communities, and against Asian-owned businesses. Many for-profit organizations have failed to acknowledge this surge. We argue that organizations should adopt policies to protect their Asian employees and clientele. On the basis of behavioral science research and knowledge of best practices for promoting diversity and inclusion, we suggest that organizational leaders create crisis task forces to find ways to reduce discrimination against Asian employees and that the leaders more generally reaffirm organizational commitments to diversity and inclusion, communicate those commitments to stakeholders, visibly enact expected organizational norms related to diversity and inclusion, and establish or reassess accountability systems to ensure that policies and norms are followed. © 2020, Brookings Institution Press. All rights reserved.

Изменение субъектности педагога в плоскости исследования лучших практик реализации разноуровневых дополнительных общеобразовательных программ

Изменение субъектности педагога в плоскости исследования лучших практик реализации разноуровневых дополнительных общеобразовательных программ

Evaluation of the initial response in clinical trial efforts for COVID-19 in Brazil.

To describe the methodological characteristics and good research practices of COVID-19 interventional studies developed in Brazil in the first months of the pandemic. We reviewed the bulletin of the National Research Ethics Committee - Coronavirus Special Edition (Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa - CONEP-COVID) (May 28, 2020) and the databases of the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), ClinicalTrials.gov, and Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos - ReBEC) to identify interventional studies registered in Brazil that assessed drug type, biological therapy, or vaccines. We described their methodological characteristics and calculated their power for different effect magnitudes. A total of 62 studies were included, 55 retrieved from the CONEP website, and 7 from registry databases. The most tested pharmacological interventions in these studies were: chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, convalescent plasma, tocilizumab, sarilumab, eculizumab, vaccine, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, n-acetylcysteine, nitazoxanide, ivermectin, and lopinavir/ritonavir. Out of 22 protocols published on registry databases until May 2020, 18 (82%) were randomized clinical trials, and 13 (59%) had an appropriate control group. However, 9 (41%) of them were masked, and only 5 (24%) included patients diagnosed with a specific laboratory test (for example, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction - RT-PCR). Most of these studies had power > 80% only to identify large effect sizes. In the prospective follow-up, 60% of the studies available at CONEP until May 2020 had not been published on any registry platform (ICTRP/ReBEC/ClinicalTrials) by July 21, 2020. The interventions evaluated during the Brazilian research response reflect those of international initiatives, but with a different distribution and a large number of studies assessing hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine. Limitations in methodological design and sample planning represent challenges that could affect the research outreach.

Making a Contribution to Entrepreneurship Research by Studying Crowd-Funded Entrepreneurial Opportunities

This editorial outlines our perspective on the state of literature as well as suggestions for new contributions to entrepreneurship research in the area of crowd-funded opportunities. Our aim is, first, to outline what we see as best practices for research on crowd-funded entrepreneurial opportunities. Second, we aim to solicit additional articles for the Virtual Special Issue (VSI) on “Crowd-Funded Entrepreneurial Opportunities” in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. In contrast to typical editorial articles associated with special issues, we take a prospective approach and outline what we hope (and expect) to see in the literature in the future. Put differently, we are not going to summarize a subset of articles that have been accepted for publication—rather, we are going to delineate the subset of articles to be written that we would, ideally, like to see submitted to top-tier entrepreneurship journals in order to advance the literature. Along the way, we will describe best practices that we anticipate can elevate research in this burgeoning area of inquiry.

“Garbage in, Garbage Out” Does Not Hold True for Indigenous Community Flood Extent Modeling in the Prairie Pothole Region

Extensive land use changes and uncertainties arising from climate change in recent years have contributed to increased flood magnitudes in the Canadian Prairies and threatened the vulnerabilities of many small and indigenous communities. There is, thus, a need to create modernized flood risk management tools to support small and rural communities’ preparations for future extreme events. In this study, we developed spatial flood information for an indigenous community in Central Saskatchewan using LiDAR based DEM and a spatial modeling tool, the wetland DEM ponding model (WDPM). A crucial element of flood mapping in this study was community engagement in data collection, scenario description for WDPM, and flood map validation. Community feedback was also used to evaluate the utility of the modelled flood outputs. The results showed the accuracy of WDPM outputs could be improved not only with the quality of DEM but also with additional community-held information on contributing areas (watershed information). Based on community feedback, this accessible, spatially-focused modeling approach can provide relevant information for community spatial planning and developing risk management strategies. Our study found community engagement to be valuable in flood modeling and mapping by: providing necessary data, validating input data through lived experiences, and providing alternate scenarios to be used in future work. This research demonstrates the suitability and utility of LiDAR and WDPM complemented by community participation for improving flood mapping in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR). The approach used in the study also serves as an important guide for applying transdisciplinary tools and methods for establishing good practice in research and helping build resilient communities in the Prairies.