Good Photothermal Properties Research Articles

In-situ deposition preparation of n-octadecane@Silica@Polydopamine-doped polypyrrole microcapsules for photothermal conversion and thermal energy storage of full-spectrum solar radiation

Phase change materials （PCMs） play an essential role in utilizing solar energy. However, there exist inherent defects of pure PCMs, such as low solar energy utilization efficiency and easy leakage. In this work, we successfully prepared a novel type of n-octadecane@Silica@Polydopamine-doped polypyrrole photothermal phase change microcapsules (SCN@PAP micro-PCMs), contained n-octadecane (n-OD) as the core material, silica as the intermediate layer, and polydopamine and polypyrrole composite (PDA-PPY) as the wall material. The microcapsules' morphology, chemical structure, photothermal and thermal storage properties, and thermal stability were investigated. This study confirmed that polydopamine (PDA) doping positively regulates the optical properties of polypyrrole (PPY). The PDA-PPY(PAP) was uniformly deposited on the surface of n-OD@SiO2 phase change microcapsules (SCN micro-PCMs) in granular form with the appropriate doping ratio. Further, tuning the ratio of SCN micro-PCMs to PAP and pyrrole (PY) to dopamine (DA) could endow SCN micro-PCMs with good photothermal properties and retain high thermal storage properties. When the mass ratio of PY: DA = 1:0.032 and SCN: PAP = 6:1, the prepared SCN@PAP micro-PCMs exhibited high photothermal conversion efficiency up to 97.31%, with a melting enthalpy of 145.3 J/g. The enthalpy value decreased by less than 1 J/g after 100 heating and cooling cycles demonstrating excellent thermal energy storage cycling stability. The SCN@PAP micro-PCMs are expected to be promising in promoting the efficient utilization of solar radiation.

A mussel-inspired self-repairing superhydrophobic coating with good anti-corrosion and photothermal properties

Superhydrophobic coatings have received extensive attention due to their excellent performance in metal corrosion protection. But their practical applications are still hampered by the poor durability and stability, and complex preparation process. In our work, a self-repairing superhydrophobic coating with good anti-corrosion and photothermal properties was fabricated by the spaying method. Specifically, inspired by mussel-chemistry and the remarkable corrosion resistance of graphene, superhydrophobic composites were prepared via the Michael addition reaction between n-dodecanethiol and dopamine (DA). ZnO nanoparticles in the composite material make the structure of graphene no longer single, and the obtained composite material can be applied to various substrates after being combined with organic resin. The decrease of corrosion current density (icorr) and the increase of coating resistance (Rc) obtained respectively from potentiodynamic polarization and EIS reveal that the superhydrophobic coating can endow copper sheet with excellent corrosion resistance performance. Moreover, the coating temperature can be increased by 125 °C within 100 s under the irradiation of 3.21 Sun, showing good photothermal behavior. The superhydrophobic coating has an excellent self-repairing ability under sunlight, which is attributed to the photothermal effect that can promote the alkyl chains to migrate from the bottom to the surface of the coating. The self-repairing and corrosion resistance of the prepared coatings can improve the service life of superhydrophobic coatings and provide a new idea for metal corrosion prevention.

Self-enhanced photothermal-chemodynamic antibacterial agents for synergistic anti-infective therapy

Cu 2-x S nanostructures have been intensively studied as outstanding chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and good photothermal therapy (PTT) antibacterial agents due to their highly efficient Cu(Ⅰ)-initiated Fenton-like catalytic activity and good photothermal conversion property. However, they still suffer from shortage of Cu(Ⅰ) supply in the long-term and comparatively low inherent photothermal conversion efficiency. Herein, we constructed a self-enhanced synergistic PTT/CDT nanoplatform (Cu 1.94 S@MPN) by coating Cu 1.94 S nanoparticles with Fe(Ⅲ)/tannic acid based metal-polyphenol networks (MPN). Activated by the acidic bacterial infection microenvironment, Cu 1.94S @MPN could be decomposed to continuously release Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅲ) ions and tannic acid. As the result of tannic acid-involved Cu and Fe redox cycling, Cu(Ⅰ)/Fe(Ⅱ)-rich CDT could be achieved through the highly accelerated catalytic Fenton/Fenton-like reactions. More importantly, experimental results demonstrated that Cu 1.94 S@MPN exhibited both excellent photothermal antibacterial and photothermal-enhanced CDT properties to eradicate bacteria in vitro and in vivo . Overall, this novel nanotherapeutics has great potential to become a clinic candidate for anti-infective therapy in future. Through the coating of Cu 1.94 S nanoparticles with Fe(Ⅲ)/tannic acid complexes, a novel non-antibiotic nanotherapeutics was successfully constructed. This antibacterial agent exhibited excellent self-enhanced photothermal/chemodynamic synergistic therapeutic efficacy in vivo .

Functionalizing cotton fabric via covalently grafting polyaniline for solar-driven interfacial evaporation of brine

Herein, we report a novel method for batch functionalization of cotton fabric by co-irradiation grafting polymerization of 4-aminostyrene and in situ grafting polymerization of aniline in sequence for solar-driven interfacial evaporation. The functionalized cotton fabric displayed strong absorption of solar light and good photothermal conversion property. And it not merely exhibited a high evaporation rate of 1.47 kg m-2h−1 when treating 3.5 wt% NaCl solution with evaporation efficiency of 97% performed on a simple tilted platform (under 1 kW m−2 of power density), but also showed excellent stability for outdoor natural evaporation over 60 days. Besides that, the tilted solar evaporator unexpectedly exhibited a high evaporation rate (1.38 kg m-2h−1) in the saturated NaCl solution (ca.26 wt%), which is superior to those fabric-based photothermal materials in reported literature, suggesting a great potential to the application to solar-driven evaporative crystallization of inorganic salts from brine. The promising strategy adopted here could be employed to facilitate the scale-up preparation of photothermal cotton fabrics and address current challenges in high-efficiency and sustainable solar-driven seawater desalination, even zero liquid disposal of industrial waste brine.

One-pot microwave-assisted synthesis of Ag2Se and photothermal conversion

In this paper, broad-spectrum light-harvesting silver-selenium (Ag2Se) nanoparticles with an average size of about 1 μm were synthesized by a one-pot microwave-assisted method, and the sample particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–visible, laser particle size analyzer and photothermal conversion. The results showed that the higher the concentration of the sample aqueous solution, the stronger the photothermal conversion ability under the same laser power, and the temperature of the sample aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.085 mol/L could reach 54.1 ℃. Under the same conditions, the higher the laser power, the stronger the photothermal conversion ability, and the temperature of the sample aqueous solution can reach 60.2 ℃. In addition, the experimental and theoretical results also show that the sample aqueous solution has good absorption ability in the UV–Vis-NIR absorption spectrum, which proves that the Ag2Se nanoparticles have good photothermal conversion properties.

RGO‐CuOx Composites Reduced by Solid‐Phase Microwave Thermal Shock for High‐Efficient Seawater Desalination and Purification (Adv. Sustainable Syst. 5/2022)

Solar-to-Vapor Conversion In article number 2100500, Guisheng Li, Junhe Yang and co-workers propose a novel solid-phase microwave thermal shock strategy to synthesize CuOx/rGO composites by exploiting the transient hot spot and arc discharge of strong microwave absorbers. The composite exhibits excellent solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency due to its strong interfacial bonding and good photothermal properties.

Polyaspartic acid grafted dopamine polymer chelated Fe 3+ for magnetic resonance imaging visual photothermal therapy agent

This study aims to explore the potential of polyaspartic acid grafted dopamine copolymer (PAsp- g-DA) chelated Fe 3+ for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visual photothermal therapy. Polyaspartic acid grafted copolymer of covalently grafted dopamine and polyethylene glycol (PAsp- g-DA/PEG) was obtained by the ammonolysis reaction of poly succinimide (PSI), and then chelated with Fe 3+ in aqueous solution. The relaxivity in vitro, magnetic resonance imaging enhancement in vivo and photothermal conversion effect at 808 nm were investigated. The results showed that polymeric iron coordination had good near-infrared absorption and photothermal conversion properties, good magnetic resonance enhancement effect, and good longitudinal relaxation efficiency under different magnetic field intensities. In summary, this study provides a new magnetic resonance visual photothermal therapeutic agent and a new research idea for the research in related fields.

Mg-Fe LDH sealed PEO coating on magnesium for biodegradation control, antibacteria and osteogenesis

l Mg-Fe LDH films were fabricated on PEO treated Mg by transforming FeOOH. l Mg-Fe LDH films could enhance the corrosion resistance of Mg. l Mg-Fe LDH films exhibit good photothermal antibacterial and osteogenesis activity. l Animal experiments showed Mg-Fe LDH films show good histocompatibility in vivo . Attempt of developing bio-safety and functional layered double hydroxides (LDHs) modified plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings, has become a hotspot in the protection of magnesium (Mg) based biomedical implants. In the present work, Mg-Fe LDH films with different Fe contents were fabricated on PEO coating via a novel two-step method: firstly, the FeOOH films were prepared by immersing PEO sample in Fe 2+ -containing solution, and then Mg-Fe LDH films were formed by transforming the FeOOH films via a hydrothermal treatment in water. The highly-oriented LDH nano-sheets could enhance the anti-corrosion performance of PEO coating, which was proved by the results of electrochemical test, hydrogen evolution and corroded morphology. PEO/Mg-Fe LDH coatings showed a low hemolysis rate (less 5%) than PEO coating. In addition, PEO/Mg-Fe LDH coatings were more favorable for cell adhesion and proliferation than PEO coating. Moreover, PEO/Mg-Fe LDH coatings showed good photothermal conversion property, which demonstrated the excellent rapid antibacterial effect under NIR light. In vitro culture of rat bone marrow stem cell (rBMSC) suggested that cells cultured in the extract of PEO/Mg-Fe LDH coatings had a better osteogenic activity. In vivo subcutaneous implantation test revealed that PEO/Mg-Fe LDH coatings exhibited good anti-corrosion and histocompatibility.

Magnetically separable MXene@Fe3O4/Au/PDA nanosheets with photothermal-magnetolytic coupling antibacterial performance

Harmful bacteria are common substances in water that endanger human health, so it is urgent to establish a simple system that can tackle these hazardous substances simultaneously. In this work, a novel magnetic MXene@Fe3O4/Au/polydopamine (PDA) nanosheet with excellent photothermal-magnetolytic coupling antibacterial performance is developed. MXene, Au and polydopamine all have good photothermal properties, so the photothermal conversion efficiency of the MXene@Fe3O4/Au/PDA nanosheet reaches as high as 48.7%. After 6 min of 808 nm laser irradiation, the MXene@Fe3O4/Au/PDA nanosheets (120 μg·mL−1) can achieve nearly 100% antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In comparison to the sole photothermal treatment, the nanosheet at lower concentration (80 μg·mL−1) also exhibit stronger antibacterial properties against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria during the photothermal-magnetic coupling treatment. The result is mainly because the heat generated by the photothermal effect of the nanosheet is directly transferred to the cell membrane, and the edge of the nanosheet cuts the cytomembrane similar to a magnetic “hot nanoblade”, resulting in subsequent shrinkage, deformation and even rupture.

Light driven micromotor swarm for tumor photothermal therapy

The collective behavior of living organism including bird, insect and fish has always been a fascinating phenomenon in nature, which is usually involved with hunting, predator avoiding and migrating. In an attempt to mimic the collective behavior of organisms and to achieve practical applications, here we report a highly controllable swarm of test-tube shaped gold-copper micromotors (MMs), where MMs can be driven under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation and aggregate into swarm. With the good photothermal properties of gold segment via surface plasmon resonance effect, the high temperature of the swarm center can be employed for photothermal therapy and tumor cells eradication. This study not only provide a highly controllable platform for tumor phototherapy, but also shed new light on the collective and cooperative behavior of the motors.

Preparation and properties study of F-SiO2@MPDA-AuNPs drug nanocarriers

Photothermal material was one of the hot topics in nanomedicine in recent years, which had aroused widespread attention of scholars. In this paper, a kind of core-shell drug nanocarriers with good photothermal properties were prepared, and its photothermal therapeutic effect on tumor cells in vitro was studied. First, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was encapsulated in silica nanoparticles to form silica fluorescent (F-SiO2) nanoparticles. Then mesoporous dopamine (MPDA) layer were built on the F-SiO2 nanoparticles, the core-shell nanoparticles (F-SiO2@MPDA) with mesoporous shell structure were obtained. Finally, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) were wrapped on the surface of the layer of MPDA shell by the citrate reduction method, and the F-SiO2@MPDA-AuNPs composite nanoparticles were formed. Then, the fluorescence property, adsorption performance, sustained release property, photothermal property and cytotoxicity of the F-SiO2@MPDA-AuNPs nanoparticles were researched. It was found that F-SiO2@MPDA-AuNPs nanoparticles had good fluorescence performance, high adsorption capacity (DOX, 111.275 mg/g) and pH responsive release performance. When pH = 5.2, the DOX release rate was 39.5% within 7 h under the action of near-infrared light (NIR). In addition, it also had a high photothermal conversion rate (36.95%), and the DOX loaded F-SiO2@MPDA-AuNPs nanoparticles had obvious inhibitory effect on tumor cells in vitro. As a kind of mesoporous drug nanocarriers with photothermal properties, it has potential application value.

A highly transparent and photothermal composite coating for effective anti-/de-icing of glass surfaces.

Anti-/de-icing of glass surfaces is of great importance in present daily life. The long-standing challenge in this field is largely due to the lack of stable multifunctional coatings that can be conveniently and economically constructed on the glass surface, and more importantly, are capable of retaining the original transparency of glass ranging from the visible to the near infrared spectrum. Herein, a direct spraying sol method on the glass surface to prepare a highly transparent and photothermal composite coating is reported. Such multifunctional coating of Cu7S4 nanoparticles/organo-silicone sols has displayed a good photothermal conversion property and hydrophobic property and therefore yields excellent anti-icing and self-melting ice properties. The condensation time of water droplets can be extended to 86 s even at −10 °C, which is 3.42 times delayed relative to ordinary blank glass. And the adhesion strength of ice is largely reduced to 72 KPa, which is as low as ∼1/3 that of ordinary glass. Meanwhile, the subcooling of adhering droplets is reduced to −12 °C under one solar illumination condition and exhibits a rapid de-icing capability. More impressively, the prepared functional coating glass shows an outstanding transmittance of more than 75% in the visible region, while it is over the minimum glass transmittance limit allowed by Safety Standards for Glass (GB9656-2016, China). In addition, the multifunctional photothermal glass coating exhibits good physical/chemical stability, which facilitates the long-term application of the coating in different environments.

An aza-BODIPY-based NIR-II luminogen enables efficient phototheranostics.

The fabrication of a high-performance second near-infrared (NIR-II) biological window fluorophore is in urgent need for precise diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Nevertheless, the construction of phototherapeutic agents in the NIR-II region with excellent imaging performance and minimal side effects remains a big challenge due to the limited availability of core fluorophore candidates. In this study, a new NIR-II fluorescent probe, CB1, which is an aza-BODIPY core conjugated with bulky donors, was designed and synthesized. CB1 was further encapsulated in DSPE-PEG2000 to impart water solubility, which shows brighter NIR-II fluorescence and higher photostability than the clinically used indocyanine green (ICG). CB1 nanoparticles show deep tissue penetration and high imaging contrast in vivo. In addition, molecular conformation enables CB1 nanoparticles to exhibit good photothermal properties. Both in vitro and in vivo assessments confirm that CB1 nanoparticles could be utilized as distinguished theranostic agents for NIR-II fluorescence imaging and tumor growth inhibition with negligible side effects. Collectively, this work provides a promising approach for constructing a new platform for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Bimetallic AuRu aerogel with enzyme-like activity for colorimetric detection of Fe2+ and glucose

Aerogels have become a hot topic of research due to their extremely low density and special interconnected structure as well as their enzyme-like activity. The development of new multifunctional nano-enzyme aerogels with high activity and good stability is still a considerable challenge. In this paper, AuRu aerogels with peroxidase and oxidase activities were synthesized using a simple one-step method and successfully used to construct colorimetric sensors for the detection of Fe2+ and glucose based on their enzyme-like activities. Furthermore, we are fortunate to find that AuRu aerogels have good photothermal properties. This suggests that AuRu aerogels can be used not only for in vitro testing but also for promising applications such as disease treatment.

Strong and multi-responsive composite coiled yarn based on electrospun polyamide-6 nanofiber and carbon nanotube

Polymer based coiled yarns are a new kind of smart materials hold promising applications in various high-tech fields such as artificial muscle, soft robotic, prosthesis, and smart textile. In this paper, we report a facile method for preparation of composite coiled yarn consisted of polyamide-6 (PA6) and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT). The homogeneous dispersion of SWNT is first prepared and sprayed on both sides of PA6 nanofiber non-woven, the composite non-woven is then twisted into compact coiled yarn. The uniform coating of PA6 non-woven by SWNT is demonstrated and the incorporation of continuous SWNT network has significantly improved the mechanical properties of composite yarn in comparison with pure PA6 yarn. The good photothermal and electrothermal properties of the SWNT network also endow the composite yarn with near infrared light and electricity responsive ability in terms of contraction that are not possessed in pure PA6 coiled yarn. In addition, the controlled contractive behavior of composite yarn by different voltage is also demonstrated. It is expected that this work could provide an alternative method for strong and multi-responsive composite coiled yarns.

Double transition-metal TiVCTX MXene with dual-functional antibacterial capability

Overcoming bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance are still grand challenges in the fundamental research and clinic practice. The 2D layered structured material with good near-infrared (NIR) absorption and efficient photothermal conversion properties has emerged as a powerful tool to sterilization. Herein, the monolayer TiVCTX was synthesized and demonstrated its high antibacterial efficiency. The results of antibacterial experiment indicated that the bactericidal rate of E. coli and B. subtilis by low dose monolayer TiVCTx under NIR laser irradiation was above 99.8%. Monolayer TiVCTX MXenes with sharp edges as “nano-knives” and may cause physical damage to bacterial cell membranes through direct physical interaction with bacterial membrane surfaces. Another intriguing feature of antibiotics is efficient photothermal conversion, which reduces the temperature required to kill bacteria while mitigating damage to normal tissue. This work provided an application of MXene for rapid sterilization and would hold tremendous value in biomedical fields.

Synthesis and Near-Infrared Photothermal Conversion of Discrete Supramolecular Topologies Featuring Half-Sandwich [Cp*Rh] Units.

Although a large number of novel supramolecular topologies featuring half-sandwich [Cp*Rh] units have been reported, investigations into the properties of these architectures are astoundingly rare. In addition, the bidentate ligands employed to prepare these species have remained relatively homogeneous (i.e., symmetrical bis(pyri-4-dyl) ligands). To address these paucities in the field, the novel unsymmetrical ligand L2 and the rarely reported pyri-3-dyl ligand L3, all bearing aromatic phenazine groups (an N-heterocyclic analog of anthracene), were synthesized in addition to the common symmetrical pyri-4-dyl L1. [3]Catenane, [2]catenane, and Borromean rings assemblies were constructed successfully by the self-assembly of L1 with different building blocks. Afterward, ligand L2 was applied to prepare two novel molecular-tweezer-like compounds. Lastly, a twisted [2]catenane (relative to the [2]catenane constructed using L1) and a sandwiched metallarectangle were obtained using L3. π-π stacking interactions were observed to play a significant role in stabilizing these topologies, which also promoted nonradiative migration and triggered photothermal conversion in both the solution and the solid state. In the solution state, a clear rule of thumb was derived whereby the NIR photothermal conversion efficiency increased as the π-π stacking increased, and a very high photothermal conversion efficiency (35.5-62.4%) was observed. In addition, this family of half-sandwich-based assemblies also exhibited good photothermal conversion properties in the crystalline and noncrystal powder states. This research provides a novel method to synthesize excellent NIR photothermal conversion materials featuring half-sandwich [Cp*Rh] units and points to potential applications in the near future.

Near infrared light fluorescence imaging-guided biomimetic nanoparticles of extracellular vesicles deliver indocyanine green and paclitaxel for hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy against glioma

BackgroundWe investigated the therapeutic effect of targeting extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) and paclitaxel (PTX) on glioma.MethodsRaw264.7 cells were harvested to extract EVs for the preparation of ICG/PTX@RGE-EV by electroporation and click chemistry. We evaluated the success of modifying Neuropilin-1 targeting peptide (RGE) on the EV membrane of ICG/PTX@RGE-EV using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were implemented for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the ICG and PTX loaded in EVs. Photothermal properties of the vesicles were evaluated by exposing to 808-nm laser light. Western blot analysis, cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), Calcein Acetoxymethyl Ester/propidium iodide (Calcein-AM/PI) staining, and flow cytometry were utilized for assessing effects of vesicle treatment on cellular behaviors. A nude mouse model bearing glioma was established to test the targeting ability and anti-tumor action of ICG/PTX@RGE-EV in vivo.ResultsUnder exposure to 808-nm laser light, ICG/PTX@RGE-EV showed good photothermal properties and promotion of PTX release from EVs. ICG/PTX@RGE-EV effectively targeted U251 cells, with activation of the Caspase-3 pathway and elevated apoptosis in U251 cells through chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia. The anti-tumor function of ICG/PTX@RGE-EV was confirmed in the glioma mice via increased accumulation of PTX in the ICG/PTX@RGE-EV group and an increased median survival of 48 days in the ICG/PTX@RGE-EV group as compared to 25 days in the PBS group.ConclusionICG/PTX@RGE-EV might actively target glioma to repress tumor growth by accelerating glioma cell apoptosis through combined chemotherapy-hyperthermia.Graphic

MiR-197 Inhibitor Loaded AbCD133@MSNs@GNR Affects the Development of Prostate Cancer Through Targeting ITGAV

Prostate cancer is one of the most severe male malignant tumors, which ranks second in mortality rate among all tumors. Traditional methods of treatment for prostate cancer produce obvious side effects and a high recurrence rate. Cancer stem cells are considered to be a group of cells that determine the proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of tumor. Prostate cancer therapy based on microRNAs and prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) has been a research hot spot in this field. Previous studies have reported that miR-197 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer, but the molecular mechanism of miR-197 on the development of prostate cancer has not been reported yet. In this study, we verified that miR-197 is significantly overexpressed in prostate cancer tissues and prostate cancer cells. Then, we verified that miR-197 expression affects the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of prostate cancer cells by regulating integrin subunit alpha V (ITGAV) expression through STAT5 pathway, and the results indicated that the miR-197 inhibitor can be a prostate cancer suppressor. Then we synthesized the AbCD133@GNR@MSNs@miR-197 inhibitor drug carrier, in which 35.42 μg of the miR-197 inhibitor could be loaded in 1 mg of AbCD133@GNR@MSNs. The AbCD133@GNR@MSNs@miR-197 inhibitor demonstrated good photothermal properties and photothermal controlled-release properties. The modified CD133 antibodies on the surface of the nano drug carrier helped more drug carriers to enter the PCSCs. The pharmacodynamic effects of the AbCD133@GNR@MSNs@miR-197 inhibitor on PCSCs in vivo and in vitro were studied under near-infrared radiation. The results showed that the AbCD133@GNR@MSNs@miR-197 inhibitor prepared in this study could not only significantly suppress the development of PCSCs through ITGAV/STAT5 pathway but also significantly suppress the growth of PCSC solid tumors. In short, our study verified that miR-197 regulates the development of PCSCs through STAT5 pathway by targeting ITGAV, and the AbCD133@MSNs@GNR@miR-197 inhibitor could be a potential suppressor used in prostate cancer treatment. In short, our study found that miR-197 affected the development of prostate cancer by regulating ITGAV. The AbCD133@GNR@MSNs@miR-197 inhibitor prepared in this study could suppress the development and growth of PCSCs in vitro and in solid tumors not only by targeting the ITGAV but also through photothermal therapy. Our study not only provides a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of prostate cancer but also provides a research scheme of drug loading and microRNA-based photothermal controlled therapy for prostate cancer.

Toxicity Effects of Anthracycline-Converted Herceptin and Azo-Functionalized Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles on the Heart of Patients with Breast Cancer Based on Echocardiography.

The multifunctional nano-carrier system can simultaneously achieve multiple functions such as diagnostic imaging, targeted delivery of anti-tumor drugs, and combined therapy. Application potential Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles have the characteristics of low toxicity, superparamagnetism and good photothermal properties. Therefore, a multifunctional magnetic nanocarrier with both magnetic targeting and photothermal properties can be prepared by surface modification of Fe₃O₄ o DOX is an anti-tumor drug widely used in clinical treatment, and its severe toxic and side effects greatly limit its application. In this paper, a temperature-sensitive magnetic nanocarrier was first constructed and proved to have good superparamagnetism, photothermal properties, and biocom-patibility Then, Fe₃O₄-Azo-DOX drug-loaded nanoparticles were constructed by covalently bonding DOX. The prepared Fe₃O₄-Azo-DOX nanoparticles have high stability, sensitive photothermal response and low toxicity. Finally, Fe₃O₄-Azo-DOX was applied to the study of combined photother-motherapy and chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Based on Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, a temperature-sensitive Fe₃O₄-Azo nanocarrier was constructed and its related properties were characterized. Furthermore, anthracycline nanodrugs were used in chemotherapy of breast cancer patients, and their effects were analyzed according to echocardiography parameter change. The results show that Fe₃O₄-Azo nanoparticles have a good photothermal heating effect. MCF-7 breast cancer cells were selected as a model to investigate the cytotoxicity of Fe₃O₄-Azo. The results proved that they have excellent biocompatibility and can be used as drug carriers. A Fe₃O₄-Azo nanocarrier was used to load DOX to construct a NIR-responsive nano-drug delivery system. By studying the NIR controlled release of Fe₃O₄-Azo-DOX under different pH conditions, it can be seen that it has NIR-responsive release function and the best release effect at pH 5.7. It was found that LVEF, LVFS, and E/A were significantly lower after chemotherapy than before (P < 0.05), which had a certain clinical value in cardiotoxicity The in vitro antitumor effect of Fe₃O₄-Azo-DOX was studied, and the results showed that the combined effect of photothermal-chemotherapy was significantly better than the photothermal treatment based on Fe₃O₄-Azo carrier alone and the chemotherapy based on free DOX alone.