Good Packaging Research Articles

Drop Test Simulation of Packaging for Dangerous Goods: An Investigation of Appropriate Drop Height Adjustment in Case of Deviating Packaging Gross Mass

ABSTRACTIn the approval process of dangerous goods packagings, drop tests onto a flat, essentially unyielding surface are used to assess resistance against mechanical damage. International adopted regulations like ADR and RID define filling good dependent drop heights and filling degrees whilst the user needs to define the maximum gross mass to be tested and approved. Maximum packaging gross mass is defined conservatively and not reached in practice. To meet the defined gross mass in testing, using additives is permitted. However, in some cases, additives are not desirable due to packaging design or filling substance properties. This leads to deviations from the initial gross mass definition. Hence, a certain drop height adjustment is necessary to achieve the required impact loading. Laboratories frequently adjust drop height assuming a perfectly elastic collision that is inaccurate. Appropriate adjustment is not trivial due to energy conversion processes, for example, plastic deformation. In this work, a test stand is developed for measuring the change in kinetic energy of different packaging designs and filling substances in regulative drop tests. The experimental results are used to validate finite‐element (FE) models so that packaging properties can be varied in simulated drop test scenarios. The findings intend to describe the appropriate drop height adjustment of the respective packaging with same design but deviating gross mass to produce comparable mechanical response. The results are highly beneficial for testing laboratories, approval issuing authorities and packaging institutes confronted with the problem of testing packages with gross masses other than those to be approved.

Factors associated with Finnish, German and UK consumers' intentions to test, buy and recommend reusable fast-moving consumer goods packaging

This study investigates factors connected with consumers' intentions to test, buy and recommend reusable packaging for Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCGs) by extending the Theory of Planned Behavior model with positive and negative emotions as facilitators of intentions and all behavioral determinants (i.e. attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control). In addition, the connection of five perceived value dimensions (functional, emotional, social, price, environmental sustainability) and attitudes is explored. A conceptual model and relevant hypotheses were tested with consumers from Finland, Germany, and the UK (total N = 2400) through Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Main results show that positive emotions have a key role in consumers' assessment of reusable FMCG packaging: They have a direct and strong influence on intentions and also influence perceived behavioral control and subjective norms. Additionally, none of the examined perceived values had a significant connection with consumers' attitudes. Consumers' adoption of reusable FMCG packaging solutions can be encouraged through positive emotional experiences related to packaging reuse. Behavioral change and marketing strategies can support consumers' experiences by considering affect (e.g., positive emotions), cognition (e.g., perceived behavioral control), and social expectations (e.g., subjective norms) as influential factors.

Pendampingan Pembuatan Kemasan Produk untuk Meningkatkan Penjualan UMKM Kacang Sangrai di Desa Kalitimbang Cilegon

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) often face the problem of simple packaging. It needs to be recognized that products made by MSMEs are better than products made by manufacturers. However, the packaging is not attractive because the MSME products are simple. This is the reason why MSME products have limited market reach and are difficult to compete in the market, especially in modern markets. The method of implementing the Food Product Packaging Assistance activities in Kalitimbang Village uses the method of discussion, face-to-face and providing direct counseling and direct practice. The implementation of training on July 27, 2024 was in the form of providing material on good packaging procedures provided by one of Bina Bangsa University's KKM students. The session length was approximately 15 minutes which was attended by several workers and MSME owners. Implementation of practical training and tutorials on how to package attractively. By using a standing pouch and labeling the packaging. By using standing pouches and labels on this packaging itself allows MSME players to save more time and be more practical and fast in packaging these products.

Synthesis of phosphorus fluorine containing polymers for flame-retardant, low surface energy and good dielectric performance epoxy resin electronic packaging materials

In order to satisfy the application of epoxy resin (EP) in high-end electronic packaging, phosphorus fluorine containing polymers were synthesized to simultaneously enhance the flame retardant, dielectric, and hydrophobic properties of EP. Through the reaction of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), a monomer named HEMA-P was synthesized. By copolymerizing (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate and 1H, 1H, 7H-dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate) with HEMA-P through the typical reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, two phosphorus fluorine containing polymer modifiers named 3FOP and 12FOP with different lengths of fluorine side chain were obtained. The flame-retardant level of FOP/EP composites reached V-1 level. The limited oxygen index (LOI) values of 3FOP/EP and 12FOP/EP composites (10 wt% additive amount) increased to 33.6 ± 0.5 % and 32.8 ± 0.3 %, respectively, with corresponding peak heat release rates (pHRR) decreased by 37.8 % and 33.2 % compared with neat EP, suggesting the FOP modified EP composites have good flame retardant and smoke suppression effects. The mechanical properties of the FOP/EP composites can also be improved. Notably, with the 10 wt% addition of 12FOPs, the water contact angle of 12FOP/EP composite reached 116.5°, which was 40.7 % higher than that of EP. Moreover, the dielectric constant decreased with the increasing fluorine content. The thermal stability and possible thermal degradation pathways of 3FOP and 12FOP were characterized by TG-IR, Py-GC/MS, and Raman spectroscopy. Based on experimental results, we innovatively revealed a phosphorus fluorine synergistic flame retardancy mechanism.

Development Strategy for Seaweed Agroindustry on Household Scale in Mataram City

The research objectives are (1) Analyzing alternative strategies for developing agro-industry made from seaweed in Mataram City; and (2) Analyzing the strategic options that are prioritized in the development of seaweed agro-industry in Mataram City. The research method uses descriptive methods. Determining the research location was carried out using the Purposive Sampling technique. The main respondents in the research were seaweed agro-industry entrepreneurs. To strengthen data related to product quality and price instruments, data was added by interviewing buyers/consumers as additional respondents, so the assessment was more objective. Producer respondents were determined using the census method, while consumer respondents were determined using the Accidental Sampling method. The results of the research show (1) Alternative development strategies using SWOT, obtained by micro-businesses in quadrant Ⅲ (WO Strategy) include utilizing coaching for access to capital, modern technology, good packaging, expanding the market through social media, increasing the number of human resources, and promotions to overcome less strategic location. For small businesses in quadrant Ⅰ (SO Strategy) by utilizing experience and business permits to create employment opportunities, process agricultural products, promote quality products without preservatives, and use guidance from related agencies, (2) QSPM matrix analysis produces priority strategies for Micro business is expanding the market and promoting through social media to meet high product demand, while for small business it is increasing the added value of products with available raw materials and utilizing guidance from related agencies.

Study of the mechanical properties of cardboard with barrier properties

The aim of this study is to test and compare the mechanical properties of the cardboard selected for the tests and to determine the best type of material. As cardboard is used in a wide range of industries for the packaging of goods, it is important to determine which of the types of cardboard tested is the most resistant to wear and the least deformable under changing environmental conditions. It is also important to compare and identify what improvements could be made to existing materials to make the board durable and environmentally friendly. To conduct the experiment of this study, four types of cardboard with barrier properties were used. For all the tests sample groups of different cardboards with different barrier properties were prepared and the specimens were stored and acclimatised under the same conditions before the tests. Specific software and devices were used to determine the final results. Selected types of tests were chosen to compare the types of cardboard as they are close to the real-life use of the packaging. After obtaining results of selected tests, compared values have shown that there were no significant changes, but there were some differences in the strength properties, which could be mainly due to the different mechanical properties of each type of paperboard. As a result, one type of paperboard was superior in both resistance and wetting tests. To conclude, this study, which was carried out to compare the strength properties of four different types of cardboard and their behaviour caused by changed surroundings demonstrates that all the types of tested cardboards are proper for use but need to be protected from direct wetting or wearing and tearing. Furthermore, this study helped to obtain new directions and ideas on how cardboard could be improved and made an even more resilient but environmentally friendly material and how it could be improved and applied in industrial companies in the future.

Radio Dakwah dan Komunikasi 107,9 FM UIN Jakarta: Pengamatan Media Sebagai Industri

Information technology has changed the behavior of Indonesian society a lot. This is in line with the growing public need for information. Radio is one of the mass information media that has strong penetration capabilities into the market and consumers. This research aims to analyze Radio RDK 107.9 FM as a da'wah media from a media industry perspective. The method used in this research is analytical descriptive. The subjects of this research were the production crew & administrators of Radio RDK UIN Jakarta. The object of this research is RDK Radio. The theory used by Gill Branston and Roy Stafford is that media is produced like a factory. The results of this research reveal that Radio RDK is a community radio that runs media like a factory, by paying attention to factors such as frequency, duration, timing/showing time, and the prominence of other auditive aspects. RDK Radio is a medium for preaching to its listeners. Based on these factors, good RDK Radio program packaging becomes part of the strategy for preaching via radio to achieve optimal effects among the radio-listening community.

PERAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI LOKAL MELALUI KEWIRAUSAHAAN SOSIAL

The purpose of this dedication activity is to improve the well-being of the people of Gegarang village with the role of the village owned enterprise agency as a driver and create creative and innovative social entrepreneurship. The approach of this dedication activity is Participatory Action Research (PAR). The results of this dedication show that (1) participants have an understanding of social entrepreneurship and marketing, (2) participants have successfully implemented the process of making onion cakes based on Fish Depik good taste and good product packaging, (3) the success rate of dedication activity seen from the large number of consumers who purchased the product.

Research on safety design of transport packaging for lithium battery products

Abstract In view of the characteristics of dangerous goods exported by lithium batteries, the safety norms of lithium battery transport packaging stipulated by international technical regulations are sorted out, and the performance requirements of dangerous goods packaging for export lithium batteries are studied. Based on the overall safety design and protection of this kind of dangerous goods packaging, the design scheme of lithium battery tray protection and carton packaging is proposed. A drop simulation test is carried out to analyze and evaluate the design scheme.

Sorption Isotherm and Effect of Packaging Materials on Proximate, Organoleptic and Lipid Oxidation Quality of Chicken Nuggets Stored at Two Different Temperatures

The study Investigated sorption isotherm features and the effects of packaging materials of both high-density and low-density polyethylene on sensory properties, proximate composition and lipid oxidation of chicken nuggets in storage. Boneless chicken breast was procured from a reputable source and cut into sizeable weight of 50g each to produce the chicken nuggets used for the studies. The experimental setup for sorption isotherm analysis in this study involved using a gravimetric method to equilibrate the product at various relative humidity levels. Five (5g) grams of oven-dried chicken nugget samples of known moisture content were placed in a controlled humidity chamber, and the weight changes of the samples were monitored until equilibrium was reached. GAB equation was used to evaluate the product ware activity and monolayer moisture. Sensory assessment was evaluated using a 9- point hedonic scale while proximate composition of the chicken nuggets samples was determined according to the methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay was used to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a marker of lipid oxidation. The investigation showed that sensory qualities, proximate composition and lipid oxidation of chicken nuggets were markedly affected by the variance in temperature settings, with distinct disparities seen among different materials for packaging. Chicken nuggets stored at 25 0C caused a significant loss in organoleptic properties and some nutritional composition such as protein and fat. Storage of chicken nugget at 25 0C and 40 C showed a varied values in malondialdehyde as content ranged from 0.52 to 0.81 for chicken nugget stored at 250 C and 0.17 to 0.43 for the product stored at 40 C across the packaging materials investigated. The water activity and monolayer moisture results of sorption analysis revealed that good packaging materials of very low water vapour transmission rate should be used for storage of chicken nuggets as high-density polyethylene offered a promising alternative than low density polyethylene.

The Influence of Motivation and Work Discipline on the Performance of Courier Employees at J&T Express Juanda Sidoarjo

J&T Express is a company operating in the field of goods expedition, encompassing both documents and packages. Despite being a new company, J&T Express utilizes IT in its service offerings, providing the convenience of parcel pick-up, eliminating the necessity for customers to visit J&T offices for sending goods. Nonetheless, a phenomenon hindering the performance of courier employees in this company is observed, characterized by declining motivation and work discipline each year. This research aims to investigate the impact of work motivation and work discipline on the performance of courier employees at J&T Express Juanda Sidoarjo. The data were gathered through observations, interviews, and the distribution of questionnaires to respondents in the courier section. The sampling method employed in this research is the saturated sampling technique. The respondents involved in this research were 60 employees working in the courier section of J&T Express. The outer model test evaluates validity and reliability initially. When testing hypotheses using the SEM PLS method, the t-test, p-values, and original samples are determined. Based on the results of the conducted research, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between the variables of work motivation and work discipline on the performance of employees in the courier section of J&T Express Juanda Sidoarjo.

Penerapan Teknologi Varian Rasa dan Kemasan “Cassava Frozen” pada Kelompok Wanita Tani Melati

This community service activity involves 1 partner, namely the Women Farmers Group (KWT) "Melati". The partner's problem is the lack of knowledge and skills. Partners don't know how to make flavor variants in frozen cassava, they can only make the original one. KWT women's lack of knowledge about good and hygienic packaging to attract consumer interest. The goal to be achieved is that it is hoped that the target community, especially KWT Melati, can apply the correct technology for flavor variants and frozen cassava packaging so that it can increase production and sales, thereby increasing the income of KWT members in particular and the community in general. The methods used in implementing this Community Service Program are counseling, training, technology demonstrations and mentoring. The results of the training on making frozen cassava with various flavors and packaging were attended by 30 members of the housewife group. Participants easily received the material because the training in making frozen cassava with various flavors and packaging technology was easy to do, the equipment used was simple, the ingredients were easy to obtain, especially cassava, which was always available, easy to apply in the household and participants were satisfied with the training provided.

Impacts of Behavioral, Organizational, and Spatial Factors on the Carbon Footprint of Traditional Retail and E-commerce in the Paris Region.

Carbon footprint assessment of retail is necessary to optimize procurement strategies and adopt sustainable shopping habits. However, estimating carbon footprints is a complex task, given the diversity of existing distribution channels. Average values for carbon emissions of "conventional" retail (i.e., purchasing and receiving the product directly at the physical point of sale) found in most studies mask a heterogeneous reality: different retail strategies entail diverse shopping behavior for consumers, as well as varied procurement processes for outlets. In this paper, we propose a methodology to assess greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts of different distribution systems related to the consumption of goods in the Paris Region by coupling traditional transport modeling with a life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach. We model and compare six distribution systems, including five traditional retail formats (hypermarkets, supermarkets, small generalist retail, small food retail, and small nonfood retail) and E-commerce home deliveries. Our model includes warehouse activity, shop and home delivery, shop energy consumption, consumer mobility, and goods packaging. Overall, we conclude that E-commerce emits fewer GHG emissions than retail outlets per kilogram of product purchased. This result is in line with the existing literature on the topic. However, the carbon footprint varies greatly within the case study depending on the characteristics of the logistics procurement processes of outlets, the behavior of shoppers, and spatial characteristics.

Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Warga Desa Babakan melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Cookies Spirulina

Cookies are dry cakes made with flour as the primary baking ingredient. Spirulina platensis was rich in protein, amino acids, glycoproteins, essential fatty acids, polysaccharides, and beta-carotene. Therefore, using sago flour combined with spirulina and seaweed in cookies can increase the nutritional value and produce gluten-free cakes. This training aims to increase knowledge about spirulina, packaging, and product marketing strategies and the skills of Babakan village residents by providing training on making spirulina cookies. This community service activity was conducted by counseling and training on making spirulina cookies in Babakan Village, Dramaga. Counseling activities were carried out to increase knowledge about the potential of spirulina, good packaging, and product marketing strategies, as well as training on making spirulina cookies to improve the skills of Babakan village residents. There were 18 training participants: Family Welfare Empowerment administrators and members. Pre-tests and post-tests were carried out before and after the training activities regarding the topic provided by the speakers. The achievements of the training activities were seen from an increase in post-test results, which was 60% answered correctly compared to only 40% for the pre-test. The evaluation results of the participant's acceptance of training topics and training speakers had an average of 58 to 69%, respectively, perfect. While the participants's assessment of the training facilities and consumption had an average of 50%, they were good.

Teknik Pengolahan, Pengemasan Produk dan Strategi Pemasaran Abon Telur di Kelompok Wanita Kelurahan Pager, Kecamatan Rakumpit, Kota Palangka Raya

The objectives to be achieved are the diversification of animal products originating from ducks into egg Abon products and the development of small industries in women's groups to produce processed egg Abon products that can meet local and regional demand to increase family or group income. Processing food products can increase sales value and profit by up to one hundred percent. The problem with the partner group is that they still need to learn how to process egg floss products and the touch of food product packaging technology and marketing strategies in partner areas. Several methods for solving problems include counseling and training regarding diversification of food products in the form of egg floss, packaging techniques using good packaging tools, marketing strategies for the products produced, as well as approaches through monitoring and evaluating activities with partner groups. The results that have been achieved are the implementation of counseling and training on making egg floss, good packaging techniques and marketing strategies have been implemented and the partners are very enthusiastic and intend to make egg floss one of their small businesses. Partner continues to strive and innovate in marketing, adding to the taste of the egg floss it produces.

Pengelolaan Limbah Anorganik di Dusun Ajung Kulon Melalui Pelatihan Wasteminaponik Skala Komunal Dusun

Inorganic waste management is a community problem, especially in Jember Regency. Lack of public knowledge about inorganic waste management is still a major problem. People in Ajung Kulon, Ajung village still throw rubbish carelessly, especially in rivers, which has an impact on the environment around residential and agricultural land areas. This community service activity aims to provide knowledge of inorganic waste management to the women recitation group Al-Mukhlisin in Ajung Kulon. Community service activities were carried out with several activities, namely socialization about waste, training and implementation of wasteminaponic cultivation starting from making huts, assembling installations, sowing seeds, planting vegetable, raising fish and harvesting. The implementation of this community service was conducted 2 wasteminaponic installations with 50 planting holes per installation. Implementing this community service can also increase partner competency, including: 1) Increasing knowledge about how to manage inorganic waste, which was initially only 30.7% and increased to 100% after training. 2) Increase partner creativity in managing waste, especially inorganic waste. Partners' interest in wasteminaponic cultivation after training was 100% from 15 respondents. 3) 80% of partners were able to improve their skills regarding science and technology regarding product logo design using a simple application installed on their smartphone. 4) Increase knowledge and skills about good product packaging to increase product selling prices. 5) Partners are able to market products by utilizing their social media, namely WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram.

Pendampingan Pembuatan Desain Kemasan Pada UMKM Di Desa Sumbernangka

Sumbernangka is one of the villages in Arjasa District which has various potentials that need to be developed. This service activity is very important to carry out immediately in order to create independent and prosperous MSMEs. There are two priority problems that will be resolved through this service activity, namely the problem of MSME actors not being aware of the importance of packaging design and the problem of not knowing how to create attractive packaging designs. Therefore, this activity was carried out with the aim of providing education to the public about the importance of packaging design and providing training on how to make good packaging. The activities carried out are in the form of outreach and training. This method is deemed appropriate to solve the problems experienced by SMEs in Sumbernangka Village. There are three stages carried out during the implementation of activities, namely the activity preparation stage, activity implementation stage and activity evaluation stage. The socialization and training activities carried out were able to increase participants' understanding of packaging design. Apart from that, this activity is also able to increase the competency of MSMEs in Sumbernangka village in creating packaging designs using the Canva application.

Effect of fish gelatin as a structure forming agent to enhance transparency and speed up degradability of bionanocomposite semi-refined kappa carrageenan film reinforced with ZnO and SiO2 filler

Biodegradable films have been developed as a potential replacement for plastic in food packaging. Apart from reducing environmental pollution, biodegradable films can be used to prevent quality degradation and extend the storage life of food products. Hybrid kappa carrageenan biopolymers have been developed by introducing SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles to enhance film characteristics with good packaging quality. However, the composite possessed low transparency and high solubility. Therefore, this study aimed to introduce fish gelatin (FG) into a semi-refined kappa-carrageenan (SRkC) composite to improve the transparency and decrease the solubility properties. The films were prepared at various concentrations of blended polymers of SRkC and FG at different ratios (1:3, 1:1, 3:1) and SiO2–ZnO nanoparticles as fillers. The results concluded that as the increase of FG concentrations, the solubility properties of films are likely to decrease. Among the blended films, the films with a ratio of SRkC:FG (1:1) revealed the highest transparency with high UV screening. It also produced films prone to be degraded by the environment. Thus, this knowledge of the bionanocomposite film properties could provide useful contributions to food packaging applications.

PENDAMPINGAN PENGEMASAN DAN PEMASARAN PRODUK SAYURAN ORGANIK DAN BUDIDAYA LELE SECARA AQUAPONIK DI YAYASAN HARAPANKU KOTA CIREBON

Harapanku Foundation is one of the Lecturer and Student ecosystems at Catur Insan Cirebon Cendekia University in carrying out Community Service (PkM) activities. The address of this foundation is Jalan Pekalangan No.74, Pekalipan District, Cirebon City. Harapanku Foundation is engaged in the social sector by empowering children with disabilities (with special needs) to produce organic vegetable products and aquaponic catfish farming. This Community Service (PkM) aims to provide knowledge and skills in packaging and marketing products made by children with disabilities (with special needs) at the Harapanku Foundation, Cirebon City. The PkM activity method consists of presentations, demonstrations, and individual and group practice. Community Service (PkM) can provide positive benefits for Harapanku Foundation managers in Cirebon City, because products in the form of organic vegetables and catfish can be marketed in good packaging. The results of this PkM activity greatly motivated children with disabilities and Harapanku Foundation administrators in carrying out marketing and packaging activities for organic vegetable and catfish products.

The Application of Hand -painted Illustration in Modern Product Packaging Design

With the development of the times, the application of hand -painted illustrations in modern packaging design is becoming more and more widely used, making the packaging of goods more and more artistic. In this article, by analyzing the role of hand -painted illustrations in modern product packaging design, and combining its artistic characteristics, the application value of hand -painted illustrations in modern product packaging design, so that products can better attract consumers' attention.