Good Internal Validity Research Articles

Financial Well-Being Scale: Evidence of Validity and Reliability in Peruvian Context

The objective of the study is to analyze the reliability and validity evidence based on the internal structure of the InCharge Finance Distress / Financial Wellbeing (IFDFW). It was administered to 545 citizens from the three regions of Peru (coast, the Andes and the rainforest). There were 296 women and 243 men, with an average age of 33.45 years (SD= 9.65). Confirmatory factor analysis provided adequate support for the 8-item one-dimensional model with the presence of correlated errors (CMIN= 58.635, DF = 17.00; CMIN/DF =3.449; CFI = 0.979; RMSEA= 0.067; SRMR= 0.032; and PClose = 0.061), also showed a good convergent internal validity based on the value of AVE = 0.554. Regarding reliability, a Cronbach's alpha = 0.881 and a CR= 0.91 are observed, which indicates adequate reliability of the one-dimensional model of the InCharge. The results suggest that the Peruvian version of the InCharge presents adequate psychometric evidence to measure the financial well-being of employees in a Peruvian context. Thus, it seeks to contribute to the advancement of the scientific study of financial well-being in Latin America. Received: 1 September 2023 / Accepted: 16 March 2024 / Published: 5 May 2024

Pride (in the name of tourism): Mitigating the effects of overtourism on festivals

During popular festivals, overtourism can be a significant problem that negatively affects many tourist destinations. This study carried out a systematic review of the literature on pride and the effects of perceived overtourism. Based on the variables and concepts found in the literature, a questionnaire was developed with 37 items that reflect different dimensions and stages of mitigating the effects of overtourism. Experts were consulted for questionnaire validation, and the validation process was conducted through a sequential procedure. The questionnaire's psychometric properties were tested using principal component analysis (PCA) and least squares partial structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that the developed scale has good internal consistency and construct validity. The results demonstrate that cultural and economic aspects strongly influence residents' pride, giving them a more positive perception of the festival, despite the challenges associated with tourist saturation.

Validation of the Standardized Needs Evaluation Questionnaire in Polish Cancer Patients.

Cancer influences various aspects of patients' functioning. Cancer patients face not only medical problems but also organizational, socio-psychological, and spiritual problems. Their needs often seem to be unrecognized because patients do not express their concerns and clinicians do not ask appropriate questions. Unmet needs impact patients' quality of life. The aim of this study was to select, adapt, validate, and introduce a simple instrument for estimating cancer patients' unmet needs in Poland. The Needs Evaluation Questionnaire (NEQ) was chosen for validation in a Polish population. The Polish version of the NEQ was developed with a back-translation procedure, as approved by a psycho-oncologist and a public health specialist. The psychometric properties of the NEQ (content analysis, reliability, construct validity, comprehensibility, and acceptability) were measured. This study was performed on a group of 121 cancer patients. The median time of completion for the NEQ was 10 min. The form, length, and font size of the NEQ were accepted by the respondents. Overall, the meaning of the questions was well understood, with only a few cases of discreetly heterogeneous interpretation of the content. The questionnaire showed good reliability and internal factor structure validity. The NEQ is a simple, easy-to-administer instrument with good psychometric properties and seems to be useful in assessing the unexpressed needs of cancer patients.

Reliability and Validity of a Theory-Based Determinants of Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors Questionnaire for Chinese Elementary School Children

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to develop and validate a Social Cognitive Theory-based instrument to identify psychosocial factors that influence diet and physical activity among Chinese children aged 10–12 years. DesignThis is a cross-sectional study, with data collected from questionnaires. SettingTwo elementary schools in Beijing, China. ParticipantsFourth to sixth-grade students (N = 1,486) aged 10–12 years were recruited. Variables MeasuredGender, height, weight, nation, and grade were collected. Energy-balanced eating behaviors and their related sociopsychological factors were surveyed. AnalysisConfirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlations, Cronbach α index, and mediation analysis were used. Results(1) Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a 6-factor solution (51 items) and all factor loadings > 0.32, indicating that the model fitness was acceptable. (2) All correlation coefficients are statistically significant. All of the Cronbach α indexes were > 0.65, indicating acceptable reliability. (3) The mediating effect of goal intention and outcome expectations between self-efficacy and habit strength was statistically significant (P < 0.01), verifying the theory structure. Conclusions and ImplicationsThis questionnaire exhibits good internal consistency, reliability, and structural validity. It can be effectively employed to investigate energy-balanced eating behaviors related to the Social Cognitive Theory in Chinese children.

Mental strength assessment in combat sports practitioners and non-practitioners

Mental strength is defined as a person’s ability to persist through challenging situations and recover from hardships and failures. Due to combat sports (CS) vigorous nature, several authors have identified various psychological factors modified through CS engagement and experience. This research aimed to determine the psychometrics of the Mental Strength Scale, explore the correlations between mental strength and age, CS experience, and competitive engagement, and investigate the existing group differences in mental strength based on sex, age, CS engagement, competition engagement, and CS experience. The total sample included 431 participants from 18 to 67 years of age, including 373 CS practitioners and 58 non-practitioners. Results revealed that The Mental Strength Scale demonstrated good internal validity (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.809) and convergent validity (Grit Scale correlation: p &lt; .001, r = .539; Brief Resilience Scale correlation: p &lt; .001, r = .551). A positive correlation was found between CS experience and mental strength. Group comparison demonstrated higher mental strength in CS practitioners than non-practitioners and in men compared to women. Moreover, CS participants in the &gt;5, 2-5, and &lt;2 years of experience reported higher mental strength than participants with no CS experience. In conclusion, the findings confirm that the Mental Strength Scale is a good psychometric instrument to assess the degree of mental strength, particularly in CS practitioners, and that CS engagement and experience positively influence the development of mental strength.

Validation of Quality-of-Life assessment tool for Ethiopian old age people.

A valid and reliable quality of life (QOL) assessment tool is critical for identifying health issues, evaluating health interventions, and establishing the best health policies and care plans. One of the tools for this goal is the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Old module (WHOQOL-OLD). It is validated and available in more than 20 languages globally, except Amharic (the widely spoken language in Ethiopia). As a result, the purpose of this study was to translate it into Amharic language and validate it among the elderly people in Bahir Dar City, Northwestern Ethiopia. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 180 community-dwelling old age people in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia, from January 16 to March 13, 2021. Psychometric validation was achieved through Cronbach's alpha of the internal consistency reliability test and construct validity from confirmatory factor analysis. The study participants were aged between 60 and 90 years, with a mean age of 69.44. Females made up 61.7% of the study population, and 40% of them could not read or write. The results showed a relatively low level of quality of life, with a total transformed score of 58.58±23.15. The Amharic version of the WHOQOL-OLD showed a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.96 and corrected item-total correlations of more than 0.74. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the six-domain model with a chi-square (X2) of 341.98 and a p-value less than 0.001. The comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.98, Tucker-Lewis's index (TCL) was 0.97, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.046. The Amharic version of the WHOQOL-OLD indicated good internal consistency reliability and construct validity. The tool can be utilized to provide care to Ethiopian community-dwelling old age people.

Assessing transgenerational trauma transmission: development and psychometric properties of the Historical Intergenerational Trauma Transmission Questionnaire (HITT-Q)

ABSTRACT Objective/Background: Despite increasing attention on transgenerational trauma, currently no comprehensive model and measure exists to be applied on various populations. This study represents the first step in the validation of such a model and a related scale. The Historical Intergenerational Trauma Questionnaire (HITT-Q) assesses family and offspring self-reported vulnerability and resilience, as well as offspring historical moral injury and current levels of insidious trauma. Method: We developed the HITT-Q based on the cross-population model (HITT model; [Starrs, C. & Békés, V. (2024). Historical and transgenerational trauma: A conceptual framework. Traumatology. In Press]) which incorporates key findings in existing population specific studies. For initial validation of the model and its measurement, Holocaust survivors’ offspring (N = 1104) completed the HITT-Q, measures of current mental health symptoms (PTSD, C-PTSD, anxiety, and depression), and a resilience scale. Results: In line with the HITT model, confirmatory factor analyses supported a 12-factor solution with the following factors under theorized dimensions: I. Family Vulnerability: (1) Dysregulated and Trauma-related Communication; (2)Trauma-influenced Parenting, (3) Fear; (4) Distress; II. (5) Family Resilience, III. Offspring Vulnerability: (6) Escape; (7) Heightened Responsibility; (8) Trauma-related distress; IV. Offspring Resilience: (9) Coping; (10) Belonging; (11) Values; V. (12) Historical Moral injury. The 12-factor model showed acceptable to good internal validity, and comparison with an existing measure of transgenerational Holocaust trauma indicated good concurrent validity. Finally, the HITT-Q demonstrated predictive validity for mental health symptoms and current resilience. Conclusions: The current study represents the first step in validating the HITT-Q as a comprehensive measure of historical intergenerational vulnerability and resilience. Our findings provide strong support for the underlying model, and suggest that the HITT-Q represents a valuable scale for both research and historical trauma-informed care.

Analysing the factor structure of the plurilingual and pluricultural competence scale: dimensionality, reliability, and validity of the adapted Russian version

ABSTRACT This study aimed to adapt the Plurilingual and Pluricultural Competence scale (PPC) to the Russian-speaking population and to assess its psychometric properties. Five hundred and sixty-four undergraduate students from Western, Central, and Caucasian regions of Russia and Kazakhstan participated in the study. Internal consistency, factorial, construct, and criterion validity of the Russian version of the scale (PPCr) were examined. Unidimensional and several competing multidimensional models of the scale's structure were tested against data using confirmatory factor analysis. The final model included four first-order factors (plurilingual conversation, plurilingual cognition, intercultural tolerance, and intercultural skills) and two second-order factors (plurilingual competence and intercultural competence). The PPCr scale demonstrated good internal consistency and criterion validity. The PPCr total and plurilingual subscales scores significantly correlated with language repertoire and overall language proficiency self-assessments. Regional differences in the total PPCr score, plurilingual conversation, and intercultural tolerance scores were documented. These findings were discussed in the context of research and assessment of PPC in different socio-cultural environments. We recommended not contrasting unidimensional and multidimensional models of PPC but considering them two poles on the continuum. It suggests transitioning from a multidimensional to a unidimensional model when an individual acquires more plurilingual and pluricultural experience.

The revised perceived academic impact tool (PAIT2): A tool to assess academic dysfunction in university‐aged student‐athletes with sports‐related concussion

AbstractResearch acknowledges Sports‐Related Concussion (SRC) is acutely deleterious to academic ability, but no tool has been validated to measure the effect of SRC on academic ability. The sutdy aimed to establish if the Revised Perceived Academic Impact Tool (PAIT2) is reliable and valid for assessing academic impairment following an SRC. Non‐concussed, healthy student‐athletes in higher education were recruited to the control group and completed the PAIT2 at day 0, 2, 4, 8, 14 and 19. The concussed group consisted of higher education student‐athletes participating in rugby union. The concussed group completed the PAIT2 at baseline screening during pre‐season, day 2, 4, 8 and 14 following an SRC and at return‐to‐play. The PAIT2 asks participants to rate their perceived ability on 23 academic tasks on a statement scored on a 0–6 Likert scale. Repeated measurements from the healthy group (n = 25) demonstrated PAIT2 has good internal validity (χ2(25) = 2.128 and p = 0.712) and reliability (0.880 [95% CI: 0.785–0.941]). A change of 4.631 (80% CI) can be used to indicate if academic impairment is present following an SRC. PAIT2 identified 96% of concussed student‐athletes with academic impairment at day 2, 92% at day 4, 85.71% at day 8 and 92% at day 14 and 19. PAIT2 has good reliability and internal validity for detecting those with academic impairment following SRC. The use of this tool may be of assistance to clinicians when managing student‐athletes return to learn.

Psychometric properties and factor structure of a motivation scale for higher education students to graduate and stimulate their entrepreneurship

The purpose of this research work is to provide a measurement instrument, through the validation of a proposed scale, to determine the relevant factors that affect the motivation of university students, and that can be used as anticipatory indicators of personal entrepreneurship to achieve educational and work success. To carry it out, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have been carried out, based on the principal components’ method, which have been validated through the usual model fit measures in the literature, considering an analysis of reliability and reliability of the measurement instrument. To obtain this purpose, a sample of the university population was selected, through a simple random sampling, considering heterogeneity of courses, subjects, areas, and teaching modalities, of 596 individuals, with a higher percentage of women compared to men, as can be seen from the total number of enrolled in university degrees in the Spanish education system. The scale proved to have good psychometric properties, obtaining good internal consistency and validity. Among the main findings, we can highlight several dimensions for motivation, for instance, emotional self-management and adversity management; and learning strategies, such as: active self-management of study material, study management and self-management of effort, among others. In conclusion, a scale has been validated to determine which dimensions should be considered to promote student motivation as a method of personal entrepreneurship, and which can be used by educational authorities to propose extracurricular training that affects the improvement of students' competence, both in academic and emotional management. The dataset was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Does Exercise Improve Health-Related Quality of Life of Colorectal Cancer Survivors? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Early diagnostic and treatment advances have resulted in prolonged cancer survivorship. Therefore, exercise intervention in survivorship management is essential for enhancing cancer survivors' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The systematic review and meta-analysis in this study aimed to explore the effect of exercise intervention on health-related quality of life of colorectal cancer survivors. The current study followed guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 (PRISMA 2020) to identify relevant literature. Comprehensive searches were conducted using EBSCOhost, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed. The inclusion criteria included are randomised control trials studies written in English, with no restrictions for the time of publication that reported the effects of exercise intervention on health-related quality of live among colorectal cancer survivors. Meta-analysis was conducted by pooling the mean and standard deviation of post-intervention scores across randomised control trial studies using a random effects model. A total of 467 articles were identified but only seven articles were randomised control trials (RCT) (n = 7) with PEDro scores ranging from 6 to 9 showing good internal validity were included in the review. The results of the meta-analysis of pooled data from six RCTs studies on HRQoL showed no significant effect of exercise intervention on HRQoL in the intervention group compared to control group [SMD = 0.25; 95% CI; -0.0, 0.51; Z = 1.88; p = 0.06; I2 = 30.8%]. This meta-analysis provides key insights into the effect of exercise on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Therefore, more experimental studies should be carried out with rigorous methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise interventions before it is recommended as a routine activity in post-treatment management for CRC survivors.

Burnout increased among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Generally, university students are at risk of burnout. This likely was exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to investigate burnout prevalence among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine its distribution across countries, sexes, fields of study, and time-period. PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, World Health Organization’s Global COVID-19 database, Scopus, Epistemonikos, ERIC and Google Scholar were searched (protocol: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BYRXW). Studies were independently screened and extracted. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Study quality was appraised, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. We identified 44 primary studies comprising 26,500 students. Global prevalence rates were 56.3% for high emotional exhaustion (EE), 55.3% for high cynicism (CY) and 41.8% for low personal accomplishment (PA). Prevalence of EE, CY, and PA domains varied significantly across fields of study, countries and WHO and World Bank regions, but not sex. All studies demonstrated good internal validity, although substantial heterogeneity existed between studies. The certainty of evidence was rated as moderate. Considering its potentially severe consequences, burnout is a significant public health concern. The development and implementation of evidence-based localized interventions at organizational and individual levels are necessary to mitigate burnout.

Validation of the Italian version of the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) in an Italian Parkinson’s disease cohort

IntroductionImpulse control disorders (ICDs) frequently occur in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and an early identification is essential to prevent severe psychosocial consequences. The Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease–Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) has been developed to evaluate the severity of ICDs along with a range of impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs) in PD; however, its Italian version has not yet been validated.MethodsOne hundred consecutive outpatients with PD were administered an Italian version of the QUIP-RS and a brief neuropsychological assessment to evaluate global cognitive status and scales to measure depression, apathy and impulsive disorders. We evaluated the internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity, and factorial structure of QUIP-RS. We also explored the possible association between QUIP-RS scores and clinical factors and dopaminergic medication.ResultsSubsyndromal ICDs manifestations were observed in 54% of the patients, and one in four (22%) reported two or more ICDs or related behaviors. The QUIP-RS demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.806) and construct validity, and its factorial structure reflected different ICDs and ICBs domains. No association emerged between QUIP-RS scores and the clinical aspects of PD and dopaminergic medication.ConclusionWe provided, for the first time, an Italian translation of the QUIP-RS and demonstrated its feasibility in clinical and research settings. Severity of ICDs was independent of clinical factors and dopaminergic medication, underlining the need to adopt a broader perspective on their etiopathology in PD.

The Big Three Perfectionism Scale: Validation of the Polish Version

The Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS) was created to integrate different aspects of perfectionism, including the newly conceptualized concept of narcissistic perfectionism. The goal of our two studies ( N = 1341) was to examine the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of the BTPS, supporting the validity and portability of the measure. The studies were conducted among people who had a child, thus contributing to a better understanding of parental perfectionism, one of the key factors influencing parental well-being and a child’s functioning. Our analyses included investigating the structure of the scale, intercorrelations between subscales, reliability, and convergent validity by correlating BTPS scores with other measures of perfectionism and correlates of psychopathology (borderline symptoms) and parental difficulties (parental stress and parental burnout). Results supported the structure of the original BTPS. As predicted, confirmatory factor analysis indicated that items comprising the Polish adaptation of the questionnaire, like the original version, measure three related but specific aspects of perfectionism: rigid perfectionism, self-critical perfectionism, and narcissistic perfectionism. The three dimensions were also found to be specifically related to the difficulties experienced by parents. Further, the Polish version of the BTPS was found to have good internal reliability and validity. Our results from two independent Polish samples suggest that the Polish version of the BTPS is a psychometrically robust measure of perfectionism for assessing the three perfectionism factors.

Reliability and validity of the Patient Experiences Questionnaire for Interdisciplinary Treatment for Substance Dependence – Continuous Electronic Measurement (PEQ-ITSD – CEM)

BackgroundInpatient experiences with interdisciplinary treatment for substance dependence and mental health care are measured using continuous electronic measurements in Norway. Major changes in data collection from cross-sectional surveys to continuous measurements necessitated the revalidation of the instrument. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Patient Experiences Questionnaire for Interdisciplinary Treatment for Substance Dependence – Continuous Electronic Measurement (PEQ-ITSD – CEM). We also aimed to develop a short version of this tool, since completing the original version can be burdensome for some patients.MethodsThe study included adult inpatients (aged ≥ 16 years) who received substance-dependence treatment at 102 different sections in Norway during 2020–2022 (n = 2,850). Factor structure and item performance were assessed. A short version was developed based on the psychometric testing results that included item response theory analysis.ResultsThe PEQ-ITSD – CEM comprised three empirically based scales with good internal consistency, reliability and validity, which covers treatment and personnel (14 items), milieu (6 items) and outcome (5 items). The results supported a seven-item short version, with three items selected for the treatment and personnel scale, two items for the milieu scale and two items for the outcome scale.ConclusionsThe PEQ-ITSD – CEM can be recommended for future assessments of patient experiences with interdisciplinary treatment for substance dependence in Norway and in other countries with similar healthcare systems. This short-form version can be applied when respondent burden is a crucial issue.

Internal Consistency and Validity of a Short Spanish Version (10‐Items) of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children and Adolescents (CES‐DC)

Purpose: The 20‐item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children and Adolescents (CES‐DC) is an instrument for screening of depression with good psychometric properties. This study aimed to examine the construct validity in terms of structural and convergent validity, the internal consistency, and the concurrent validity of a shorter 10‐item version of this scale.Methods: This was a cross‐sectional validation study including 671 schoolchildren aged 9–11, from Cuenca, Spain. Depression was assessed using the 20‐item CES‐DC scale. We selected the 10 items with the highest factorial loading for a shorter version. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, fitness, and quality of life variables were considered to analyse convergent and discriminant validity.Results: For the structural validity, confirmatory factor analyses revealed a three‐factor latent structure for the 20‐item CES‐DC and a single factor in the 10‐item version. Internal consistency measured by Cronbach’s α and ω statistic were 0.85 for 20‐item CES‐DC and 0.84 for 10‐item CES‐DC. Intraclass correlation coefficient between the two scales was 0.94. Convergent validity was tested through the correlation coefficients and regression models between both either CES‐DC versions with body mass index, waist circumference, fitness, and quality of life measures, which were similar. For the concurrent validity, concordance analysis and the ROC curve showed an equivalent cut‐off point for the 10‐item CES‐DC. The 20‐item CES‐DC classified a total of 33.1% of the sample as at risk of depression, while the 10‐item CES‐DC classified 30.4%.Conclusion: This study indicates that both the 20‐item and 10‐item versions of the CES‐DC have good internal consistency and structural validity in schoolchildren. Therefore, this short version can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for screening depression that is less time consuming and easy to use in clinical and scholarly contexts, potentially improving early detection and intervention for depression.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03236337.

Psychometric evaluation of the Polish adaptation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 for Children (BAS-2C).

Positive body image is crucial in fostering self-esteem, mental well-being, and positive social functioning. However, our understanding of its development and role in school-aged children remains limited due to a scarcity of measures available for this age group across various countries and cultures. To bridge this gap, the aim of this study was to adapt the Body Appreciation Scale-2 for Children (BAS-2C) for Polish children aged 8-13 years. A total of 206 children completed BAS-2C to measure positive body image, the Figures Rating Scale to measure body satisfaction, and the Self-Perception Profile for Children to measure self-esteem. Parents provided information about their child's weight and height, which enabled analysis of a child's BMI. The results showed that the Polish version of BAS-2C exhibited a unidimensional factor structure, invariance across sex and age groups, and also provided evidence of very good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. BAS-2C scores were correlated positively with Figures Rating Scale, physical appearance and global self-esteem and were related negatively to age and BMI index, and weight group. Moreover, our research indicates that in older children, there are stronger correlations between positive body image and both global and physical appearance self-esteem, compared to younger children. The Polish version of BAS-2C has excellent psychometric properties and is appropriate for use with children aged 8-13 years.

Correlation between oral health and modified OIDP index in pediatric patients undergoing treatment in Clove Dental Clinics: A cross sectional pilot study

ABSTRACT Aim: This research article aims to assess the correlation between oral health and the modified Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance (C-OIDP) index in pediatric patients undergoing treatment at Clove Dental Clinics. The study focuses on evaluating the psychometric properties of the modified C-OIDP index using a Google Forms questionnaire in a multicentric pediatric population across 10 states in India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases among pediatric patients (age range: 2–18 years) undergoing treatment at Clove Dental Clinics in Pan-India. Phase 1: (1) The English version of the C-OIDP index was converted into a pretreatment and posttreatment assessment Google Forms questionnaire. (2) The psychometric and linguistic properties of the modified C-OIDP index were assessed by a panel of experts, incorporating their feedback, and resolving any discrepancies. (3) The modified Google Forms questionnaire was tested on 20 random walk-in pediatric patients visiting two Clove Dental Clinics. (4) Discussions were held with the patients, accompanying guardians, and pedodontists to evaluate their understanding and optimize the questionnaire’s face and content validity. Phase 2: (1) The main study included the reassessment of the modified C-OIDP index using the Google Forms questionnaire on a larger sample of 200 pediatric patients undergoing treatment at Clove Dental Clinics. (2) The questionnaire was administered in both pretreatment and posttreatment scenarios, with a 1-week recall period between assessments. (3) All study participants and their accompanying guardians provided written informed consent. (4) Changes to content wordings during the cultural adaptation process were summarized. Results: (1) A total of 206 voluntary responses were collected from pediatric patients across 341 Clove Dental Clinics in 10 states of India. (2) The factor analysis study revealed good internal consistency reliability and validity of the modified C-OIDP index. (3) The pretreatment and posttreatment modified OIDP scores showed a significant decrease, indicating improved oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) posttreatment. Conclusions: The modified C-OIDP index demonstrated good psychometric properties and validity when used in a Google Forms questionnaire among pediatric patients undergoing treatment at Clove Dental Clinics in India. The study highlights the importance of assessing OHRQoL in pediatric populations and provides valuable insights for planning and prioritizing oral health care for children.

DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-ASSESSMENT TOOLS FOR ORGANIZATIONS: PREVENTION AND DELAY OF DISABILITY PROGRAMS IN TAIWAN

Abstract This study aimed to develop a tool for service organizations to self-assess their characteristics and abilities of providing better disability prevention and function maintenance services. The development of the tool involved two stages. In the first stage, a self-assessment tool with 40 items was developed through literature based on Dunn’s policy evaluation framework. The tool was then subjected to two rounds of Delphi method, and pilot test. Six experts were invited, and the Delphi method results showed high consensus. Pilot test invited 170 service organizations to complete the survey and the results showed good internal consistency and validity with 20 items and six dimensions, including internal efficacy, responsiveness, professional, community collaboration, environmental factors, and sustainability (χ2[df=171, N = 170] = 282.88; p &amp;lt; 0.001; CFI = 0.923; RMSEA = .071; SRMR=.055). The sustainability (mean:4.20, SD: 0.61) and responsiveness (mean:4.20, SD: 0.59) showed the highest self-assess ratings. Combining internal resources and efficacy as internal efficacy showed good validity. and together with a new domain “internal efficacy” showed strong association with other domains. This tool could provide the program agencies to self-assess their ability to provide better disability prevention and function maintenance services. There were two new concepts, internal efficacy and sustainability, identified through the process which may indicate both of these two concepts are important to organization that provide health promotion services and culture-sensitive in Taiwanese society. Promoting these two concepts for future organizations is recommended.

Validation of a Latin-American Spanish version of the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA-LA) in Colombian and Nicaraguan adults

BackgroundBody dissatisfaction (BD) is a growing concern in Latin America; reliable and culturally appropriate scales are necessary to support body image research in Spanish speaking Latin American countries. We sought to validate a Latin-American Spanish version of the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA; Mendelson et al. 2001).MethodsThe BESAA was translated, culturally adapted, and validated in a sample of adults in Colombia (N = 525, 65% women, Mage 24.4, SD = 9.28). We assessed factor structure (using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and exploratory structural equation model (ESEM)), internal reliability (using Cronbach’s alpha and omega), validity (using the Body Appreciation Scale BAS and Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire SATAQ), test–retest stability in a small subsample (N = 84, using Intraclass correlations ICC) and measurement invariance across gender. To evaluate the generalizability of the scale, we assessed reliability, validity, and factor structure in a second sample from rural Nicaragua (N = 102, 73% women, Mage 22.2, SD = 4.72), and assessed measurement invariance across Nicaraguan and Colombian participants.ResultsThe scale showed good internal reliability and validity in both samples, and there was evidence of adequate test–retest stability in the Colombian sample. EFA showed a three-factor structure with subscales we labelled ‘appearance-positive’, ‘appearance-negative’ and ‘weight’, that was confirmed using CFA and ESEM in the Colombian sample. Measurement invariance was confirmed across the Colombian and Nicaraguan samples, and across gender within the Colombian sample.ConclusionThe Latin-American Spanish version of the BESAA (BESAA-LA) appears to be a psychometrically sound measure with good reliability, validity and invariance across gender and countries. These results support the use of this scale to measure body satisfaction/dissatisfaction in Latin American adult populations.