Good Imitation Research Articles

Analisis Pengenalan Literasi Digital pada Anak di Lingkungan Keluarga

Human interaction patterns with digital media are becoming more intense as a result of digital disruption. Digital media can be beneficial, but it can also be detrimental. Therefore, digital literacy skills are needed to help people use digital media correctly, especially children. This can start from the family environment as the smallest organization closest to the child. This research aims to analyze the introduction of digital literacy to children in the family environment. This research was conducted by conducting a systematic literature review using a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques by examining Google Scholar-based journal article sources that are relevant to the research study. After collecting and obtaining data that is in accordance with the research study, the data is then analyzed using the content analysis method. The results of research on introducing digital literacy to children in the family environment can be divided into 4 parts, including 1) children are good imitators, 2) parents' digital literacy skills, 3) guidance and control, 4) developing digital literacy habits.

Colloquium 4 Plato’s Statesman and the Nature of Philosophical Writing

Abstract The Visitor’s inquiry into the expertise of statesmanship in Plato’s Statesman consistently privileges knowledge as the sole source from which to derive legitimate authority to command. And yet the section of the dialogue to which he refers as a “play” (δρᾶμα, 303c8) of satyrs and centaurs (291a–303d) complicates matters significantly by spelling out the difficulty of identifying a true statesman and the dangers of thinking ourselves able to do so. Reading the account of human community provided in the myth of the cosmos together with the “good imitation” of knowledge in the satyr play, a limited notion of properly human wisdom comes into view as the horizon within which to interpret knowledge and dialectical division in the dialogue. I conclude that the education of the dialectician is connected to the problem of the absence of the true statesman, and that the Statesman is prescribing ways in which members of the philosophical community ought to understand themselves in dialogue with the written word.

Model predictive optimization for imitation learning from demonstrations

“Motion generation by imitating” enables a robot to generate its trajectory in a new environment. Research works on dynamic movement primitives (DMP) has reported promising results, with good imitation effect and convergence to the target. However, DMP still has issues such as learning from multiple demonstrations for different initial conditions and achieving obstacle avoidance considering the distribution and motion of obstacles. One of the effective solutions is combining DMP and model predictive control (MPC). The imitation process was transformed into a receding horizon planning procedure, letting the robot to learn more from nearer demonstrations. It is solved as an optimization problem with obstacles modeled as constraints. However, its drawback includes the heavy computation burden, which can be even aggravated in a multi-obstacle scenario where complicated constraints occur. Thus, in this paper, we propose an enhanced MPDMP+ method that combines the advantages of MPC with potential function for both multi-demonstration imitation and multi-obstacle avoidance effect. A proximal augmented Lagrangian method is proposed to solve the optimization problem. This proposed method has a faster convergence rate and small errors. We conducted the simulation and robot experiments for imitation learning for obstacle avoidance scenarios. Our results illustrate the superior performance of the proposed method.

Comparative Study of Machine-Learning Frameworks for the Elaboration of Feed-Forward Neural Networks by Varying the Complexity of Impedimetric Datasets Synthesized Using Eddy Current Sensors for the Characterization of Bi-Metallic Coins

A suitable framework for the development of artificial neural networks is important because it decides the level of accuracy, which can be reached for a certain dataset and increases the certainty about the reached classification results. In this paper, we conduct a comparative study for the performance of four frameworks, Keras with TensorFlow, Pytorch, TensorFlow, and Cognitive Toolkit (CNTK), for the elaboration of neural networks. The number of neurons in the hidden layer of the neural networks is varied from 8 to 64 to understand its effect on the performance metrics of the frameworks. A test dataset is synthesized using an analytical model and real measured impedance spectra by an eddy current sensor coil on EUR 2 and TRY 1 coins. The dataset has been extended by using a novel method based on interpolation technique to create datasets with different difficulty levels to replicate the scenario with a good imitation of EUR 2 coins and to investigate the limit of the prediction accuracy. It was observed that the compared frameworks have high accuracy performance for a lower level of difficulty in the dataset. As the difficulty in the dataset is raised, there was a drop in the accuracy of CNTK and Keras with TensorFlow depending upon the number of neurons in the hidden layers. It was observed that CNTK has the overall worst accuracy performance with an increase in the difficulty level of the datasets. Therefore, the major comparison was confined to Pytorch and TensorFlow. It was observed for Pytorch and TensorFlow with 32 and 64 neurons in hidden layers that there is a minor drop in the accuracy with an increase in the difficulty level of the dataset and was above 90% until both the coins were 80% closer to each other in terms of electrical and magnetic properties. However, Pytorch with 32 neurons in the hidden layer has a reduction in model size by 70% and 16.3% and predicts the class, 73.6% and 15.6% faster in comparison to TensorFlow and Pytorch with 64 neurons.

Raman and XANES Spectroscopic Study of the Influence of Coordination Atomic and Molecular Environments in Biomimetic Composite Materials Integrated with Dental Tissue.

In this work, for the first time, the influence of the coordination environment as well as Ca and P atomic states on biomimetic composites integrated with dental tissue was investigated. Bioinspired dental composites were synthesised based on nanocrystalline calcium carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite (nano-cHAp) obtained from a biogenic source and a set of polar amino acids that modelled the organic matrix. Biomimetic composites, as well as natural dental tissue samples, were investigated using Raman spectromicroscopy and synchrotron X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Molecular structure and energy structure studies revealed several important features related to the different calcium atomic environments. It was shown that biomimetic composites created in order to reproduce the physicochemical properties of dental tissue provide good imitation of molecular and electron energetic properties, including the carbonate anion CO32− and the atomic Ca/P ratio in nanocrystals. The features of the molecular structure of biomimetic composites are inherited from the nano-cHAp (to a greater extent) and the amino acid cocktail used for their creation, and are caused by the ratio between the mineral and organic components, which is similar to the composition of natural enamel and dentine. In this case, violation of the nano-cHAp stoichiometry, which is the mineral basis of the natural and bioinspired composites, as well as the inclusion of different molecular groups in the nano-cHAp lattice, do not affect the coordination environment of phosphorus atoms. The differences observed in the molecular and electron energetic structures of the natural enamel and dentine and the imitation of their properties by biomimetic materials are caused by rearrangement in the local environment of the calcium atoms in the HAp crystal lattice. The surface of the nano-cHAp crystals in the natural enamel and dentine involved in the formation of bonds with the organic matrix is characterised by the coordination environment of the calcium atom, corresponding to its location in the CaI position—that is, bound through common oxygen atoms with PO4 tetrahedrons. At the same time, on the surface of nano-cHAp crystals in bioinspired dental materials, the calcium atom is characteristically located in the CaII position, bound to the hydroxyl OH group. The features detected in the atomic and molecular coordination environment in nano-cHAp play a fundamental role in recreating a biomimetic dental composite of the natural organomineral interaction in mineralised tissue and will help to find an optimal way to integrate the dental biocomposite with natural tissue.

『模倣の経営学』井上達彦【著】（日経BP社 2012年）

『模倣の経営学』井上達彦【著】（日経BP社 2012年）

A Real-Time Upper-Body Robot Imitation System

An upper-body robot imitation (UBRI) system is proposed and developed to enable the human upper body imitation by a humanoid robot in real time. To achieve the imitation of arm motions, a geometry-based analytical method is presented and applied to extracting the joint angles of the human and mapping to the robot. Comparing to the traditional numerical methods of inverse kinematic computations, the geometrical analysis method generates a lower computational cost and maintains good imitation similarity. To map the human head motions to the head of the humanoid robot, a face tracking algorithm is employed to recognize the human face and track the human head poses in real time. A hand extraction and hand state recognition algorithm is proposed to achieve the hand motion mapping. At last, the completion rate and similarity evaluation experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed UBRI system.

Method for translating 3D bone defects into personalized implants made by Additive Manufacturing

Abstract 3D printing technology penetrates into the medical field at an accelerated pace. Although there is still a long way to go towards organ printing, and despite existing ethical and technical changes, 3D printing can form three-dimensional support structures in a revolutionary and controllable way. 3D printing has penetrated into areas such as tissue and regenerative engineering. In clinical interventions, 3D printing, as a new prosthesis manufacturing technique, applies mainly to orthopaedics and dentistry. In this paper, the authors propose a method for translating 3D bone defects into personalized implants, to be further produced by AM (additive manufacturing) techniques, based on CT (computed tomography) imaging. The method consists of delimiting bone defect areas in computed tomography, isolation of defects, and the construction of a virtual implant model that is saved in the .stl format for 3D printing. If the bone defect is located in a symmetrical area in respect to a central plane, which is correct from the anatomical and medical point of view, the mirror image will be used as a virtual model for the implant. This ensures a very good imitation of the implant with the healthy area. If the bone defect area is singular, reconstruction is done with so-called “reconstruction pieces” made with CAD (computer-aided design) software and assembled in the 3D Slicer software so as to repair defects in the problematic area. The robustness and efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical experiments and compared to experimental results for validation purposes.

THE PARENT ROLE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD CHARACTER BUILDING

Having children who has a good character is every parent wish. For having this good character its need to be done from early age. All the parents has an important role on building this character to their children. Children as a good imitators will do what they see, so that the parent in this case need to be a good role model to the children. Like a wise words say an apple never fall far from the tree, so its mean childrens is the reflection of their childrens. If we want to have children with good character so the parent must have a good character too. So that the parent has a main role to building this early age children. Every child is like a clean white paper, they will follow every direction that been given to them. Not only the parents, school and the environtment having a huge role to building this children character. But back again if the parents already put the values of the good character the children wont absorb other influence from their environment. So it means that father and mother roles in the family becoming the most important things on this children character building. Other than that the parent responsibilities to their children character building need to be their main concern.

A Voice without a Muse

Ancient sources often describe non-human primates as imitative animals, i.e., living beings able to reproduce, with different degrees of perfection, gestures and movements carried out by human beings. Indeed monkeys are often characterized asmimeloi, mimetikoi, terms coming from the same semantic field of the nounmimos(< *mim-).But what about the world of sounds? Are non-human primates regarded as good imitators and performers also when it comes to music and singing? Ancient evidence clearly indicates that other animal species (like nightingales or partridges), and not monkeys, were mainly regarded as excellent singers worthy of imitation by human beings. Through a detailed analysis of ancient Greek sources, especially some passages in Galen, this paper aims at investigating why non-human primates were not considered good singers. In particular, this survey tries to shed a new light on some cultural associations, according to which the small and weak voice of monkeys (µικροφωνία) and the voice of other figures in ancient society (like actors, musicians, kids, eunuchs and so on) were described in a similar way.

Modeling Co-evolution of Speech and Biology.

Two computer simulations are investigated that model interaction of cultural evolution of language and biological evolution of adaptations to language. Both are agent-based models in which a population of agents imitates each other using realistic vowels. The agents evolve under selective pressure for good imitation. In one model, the evolution of the vocal tract is modeled; in the other, a cognitive mechanism for perceiving speech accurately is modeled. In both cases, biological adaptations to using and learning speech evolve, even though the system of speech sounds itself changes at a more rapid time scale than biological evolution. However, the fact that the available acoustic space is used maximally (a self-organized result of cultural evolution) is constant, and therefore biological evolution does have a stable target. This work shows that when cultural and biological traits are continuous, their co-evolution may lead to cognitive adaptations that are strong enough to detect empirically.

Penelope Fitzgerald: a life

Penelope Fitzgerald (1916-2000) was a great English writer, who would never have described herself in such grand terms. Her novels were short, spare masterpieces, self-concealing, oblique and subtle. She won the Booker Prize for her novel Offshore in 1979, and her last work, The Blue Flower, was acclaimed as a work of genius. The early novels drew on her own experiences - a boat on the Thames in the 1960s; the BBC in war time; a failing bookshop in Suffolk; an eccentric stage-school. The later ones opened out to encompass historical worlds which, magically, she seemed to possess entirely: Russia before the Revolution; post-war Italy; Germany in the time of the Romantic writer Novalis. Fitzgerald's life is as various and as cryptic as her fiction. It spans most of the twentieth century, and moves from a Bishop's Palace to a sinking barge, from a demanding intellectual family to hardship and poverty, from a life of teaching and obscurity to a blaze of renown. She was first published at sixty and became famous at eighty. This is a story of lateness, patience and persistence: a private form of heroism. Loved and admired, and increasingly recognised as one of the outstanding novelists of her time, she remains, also, mysterious and intriguing. She liked to mislead people with a good imitation of an absent-minded old lady, but under that scatty front were a steel-sharp brain and an imagination of wonderful reach. This brilliant account - by a biographer whom Fitzgerald herself admired - pursues her life, her writing, and her secret self, with fascinated interest.

Is it an Adnexal Mass or a Broad Ligament Leiomyoma?

Is it an Adnexal Mass or a Broad Ligament Leiomyoma? Uterine Leiomyomas and adnexal masses are the most common causes of pelvic masses arising from the female urogenital system. We present a case that demonstrates the similarity between the leiomyoma and malign adnexal cyst. A 51 year-old, post-menopausal women presented with lower abdominal pain and a pelvic mass (6x7 cm diameter). The sonographic appearance of the mass was multi-cystic with some solid area, indistinct margin on the right side of the uterus and intra-abdominal fluid, similar to typical malign ovarian cysts. We performed exploratory laparotomy and found that the mass was a pedunculated subserosal myoma arising from right side of the uterine corpus, which extending between the folds of the broad ligament. Histopathological examination revealed subserosal leiomyoma with cystic degeneration. Postmenopausal cystic degenerative leiomyoma can be a good imitation of ovarian neoplasms, resulting in diagnostic confusion.

Like Father, Like Son: Bernini's Filial Imitation of Michelangelo

This essay explores how Gianlorenzo Bernini, celebrated during his lifetime as the 'Michelangelo of his age', constructed himself as Buonarroti's son and heir through imitation in his early sculptures. By setting a close reading of the michelangelism of Bernini's St. Lawrence, Aeneas group and David against an analysis of Buonarroti's critical reception, this study aligns Bernini's emulation with Seneca the Younger's filial metaphor for good imitation wherein the resemblance between imitated and imitation evokes that of father and son. This widely adopted metaphor was applied by last sixteenth-century Italian art theorists in their advice to artist seeking to overcome Michelangelo's supposed inimitability. The filial mode operant in Bernini's sculptures engages this discussion, offering a visual commentary on his predecessor's example and on the nature of the father -son metaphor of imitation itself. By fashioning himself as a veritable 'son' of Michelangelo, Bernini ultimately remade his predecessor, an artist construed to be without (worthy) progeny, into a fecund 'father'.

Automatic Face Recognition Using Gabor Wavelet and Robust Structured Spares Representation

Automatically facial recognition has become more and more important today. But FR still remains a challenge problem in computer vision .so in this paper we proposed a new approach that use Gabor wavelet for facial feature extraction and robust structured sparse representation for classification. Gabor wavelet has beenwidely used in the face recognition task because it's good imitation of human visual. The structured sparse representation based classification (SSRC) is used for classifying the test images robustly. Unlike sparse representation based classification (SRC),the SSRC explicitly takes structure of the dictionary into account for a better classification.

Stay off the motorway: Resolving the pre-recruitment life history dynamics of the European anchovy in the SW Mediterranean through a spatially-explicit individual-based model (SEIBM)

We explore the underlying mechanisms of the early life history dynamics of the European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, in the SW Mediterranean. By using a 3D ROMS hydrodynamic model coupled to an individual-based model (IBM) of the larval stages of the European anchovy, we tested the following hypotheses: (1) the plausible effective spawning zones (those generating late larvae to the known nursery grounds) are mainly found in the vicinity of Malaga Bay, as suggested by published empirical data; (2) the observed, back-calculated growth of larvae sampled in the nursery grounds can be reasonably simulated by a simple temperature-dependent growth model; and (3) the inclusion of biological behavior in the IBM significantly improves the match between the observed and modeled late-larval recruitment and/or growth patterns. We performed simulations for the peak spawning season in 2008, for which survey data were available, and an average climatological run. Hypothesis 1 was accepted, whereas hypothesis 2 resulted in a good imitation of anchovy growth only after 10days post-hatch. The inclusion of an empirically derived equation for egg buoyancy in the model (hypothesis 3) resulted in a slight improvement of the model of late-larval recruitment patterns. Finally, our model was used to explore possible retention-based nursery areas in the whole Alboran Sea. Our simulations showed to agree well with the existing data both in the European and in the African coast and confer the physics a dominant role in shaping the spatial dynamics of early life stages of anchovy in the area.

Corrosion Resistance of TiN Imitation Gold Decoration Coatings on Golden-Pen Components

Experiments were carried out with different process parameters to investigate the effects of used parameters on corrosion resistance of TiN coatings obtained. In experiments, TiN imitation gold decoration coatings were prepared on 1Cr13 pen-point and brass chromium plating pen-coil by multi-arc ion plating method. The phase composition of TiN coatings was measured by x-ray diffraction. The corrosion resistance of TiN coatings was tested by salt-mist and artificial-sweat experiments. The relationship between corrosion resistance of coatings and process parameters were analyzed. Therefore, the optimum process parameters were achieved suitable for plating coatings on substrates of 1Cr13 pen-point and brass chromium plating pen-coil with good imitation gold. Imitation gold plating layers obtained have good gloss, corrosion resistance, high hardness, wear resistance, and easy to maintain. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of coatings is more easily influenced by changes of PN2 and Vbom than that of matrix-bias voltage. The TiN coatings are of resistant to corrosion no matter they are in single or multi phase structure. The optimum parameters of achieving good corrosion resistance of TiN coatings are PN2=0.48Pa, Vbom=400V，bias=-20V. Under the optimum conditions, the obtained surface corrosion resistance state of the coatings can reach at least eight grades, even above ten grades.

Improved Multiple Point Nonlinear Genetic Algorithm Based Performance Adaptation Using Least Square Method

At off-design conditions, engine performance model prediction accuracy depends largely on its component characteristic maps. With the absence of actual characteristic maps, performance adaptation needs to be done for good imitations of actual engine performance. A nonlinear multiple point genetic algorithm based performance adaptation developed earlier by the authors using a set of nonlinear scaling factor functions has been proven capable of making accurate performance predictions over a wide range of operating conditions. However, the success depends on searching the right range of scaling factor coefficients heuristically, in order to obtain the optimum scaling factor functions. Such search ranges may be difficult to obtain and in many off-design adaption cases, it may be very time consuming due to the nature of the trial and error process. In this paper, an improvement on the present adaptation method is presented using a least square method where the search range can be selected deterministically. In the new method, off-design adaptation is applied to individual off-design point first to obtain individual off-design point scaling factors. Then plots of the scaling factors against the off-design conditions are generated. Using the least square method, the relationship between each scaling factor and the off-design operating condition is generated. The regression coefficients are then used to determine the search range of the scaling factor coefficients before multiple off-design points performance adaptation is finally applied. The developed adaptation approach has been applied to a model single-spool turboshaft engine and demonstrated a simpler and faster way of obtaining the optimal scaling factor coefficients compared with the original off-design adaptation method.

Chitinase Inhibition by Chitobiose and Chitotriose Thiazolines

A good imitation: Di- and trisaccharide analogues of the oxazoline intermediate formed during enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin were found to be potent inhibitors of chitinase A. The high affinity and enzymatic stability of a readily synthesized thioamide trisaccharide (two molecules of which are shown in the enzyme active site), and the mechanism-based mode of inhibition, make this analogue a promising candidate for broad-spectrum chitinase inhibition.

Life-size Reproduction of the Shroud of Turin and its Image

The Shroud of Turin, although carbon-dated between 1260 and 1390 C.E., is believed by many to be the real burial cloth of Jesus on the basis of other evidence. Part of the controversy arises from the fact that it has proven very difficult to explain just how the image was generated and to achieve a good imitation of the Shroud by simple means. The faint image of a crucified man has pseudonegative properties, is superficial, contains three-dimensional information and consists of a discoloration of the top cellulose fibers of the linen. The authors present now a simple technique, which may explain how the image could have originated from the work of a medieval artist. Furthermore, the authors were able to obtain a good replica of the Shroud of Turin at a 1:1 scale that possesses all the above-mentioned features and the same visual and spectroscopic properties as the original.