Good Health Services Research Articles

Healing from Healer: Use of Traditional Health Services in the Age of Modern Health

The phenomenon of traditional health practices is still being used by some people, the unique thing is that those who take advantage of this health service do not only come from underprivileged segments of society but are also often used by the rich. Moreover, this phenomenon occurs during the existence of a modern health industry whose access is increasingly accessible to all people. Traditional medicine or so-called alternative medicine that uses plant-based medicines (herbal) or other media. Not only in the area of medicine, but this research also describes traditional healers or as local, sanro, as an alternative to modern health industry practices. This study uses an ethnographic method with a participatory-observative approach to understanding in-depth the practice of alternative medicine. Field research focus in the district. Somba Opu, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. Where the distribution of modern health facilities in the capital of this sub-district is higher than in other sub-districts. The results of the study indicated that the medical instruments performed by traditional healers, apart from using traditional herbs in the form of special plants, also used mantras written in the book using Arabic letters. Some of the traditional medicinal methods in maintaining their existence are carried out, both in the form of good health services, trying to prove the efficacy of the treatment, and strengthening their networks with doctors and fellow sanro outside the District of Gowa.

How important are health and education in boosting sub-national economic growth?

Development of the global economy is marked by increasing attention towards the health sector due to Covid-19 outbreak. This research contributes by examining how important is health and education for provincial economic growth, and connect it with foreign direct investments, and infrastructure spending. Taking Indonesia as a case study, and employing GMM and Fixed Effects methods, the analysis found that improving health and education outcomes are key for sub-national economic growth. However, foreign direct investment, domestic direct investment and public spending on infrastructure failed to support growth in the sub-national level. The finding is robust against alternative specifications. For policy suggestions, in order to dampen the negative economic effects of Covid-19 and to boost growth at post-pandemic period, government at all levels must maintain or even increase public spending in health and education which directly target improvements of health and educational outcomes. To ensure the improvements, public spending must be directed to provide good quality health and educational services; services which enhance health outcomes and develop students’ cognitive skills. In addition, good quality health and educational services must be evenly distributed across sub-nationalities. This is aligned with achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals number 10; reducing inequality within a country.JEL Classification H51; H52; O15

Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Perawatan Luka Dan Kejadian Infeksi Daerah Operasi Di RSUD Banyumas

Surgical Site Infection is infections that occur after surgery. Control of the incidence of nosocomial infection is part of the parameters of good health services at the hospital. One in 10 mothers who give birth by cesarean has an infection. The level of patient knowledge about how to care for wounds is an important factor in decreasing the incidence of wound infection in the surgical area in SC patients. Objective: knowing the relationship between levels of knowledge of post-operative SC patients about wound care and the incidence of surgical site wound infections. Method: The design used descriptive correlative and cross sectional approach. The sample were 76 respondents. The data were collected in December 2019 by using a knowledge level questionnaire and a form of signs of infection from Morison 2004. Data analysis using chi square). The results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge and the incidence of infection in the area of ​​operation (p value 0.001).
 Keywords: nosocomial, surgical site infection (SSI), section caesarea (SC)

The "price-tag" of foot health in infancy and early childhood: a cross sectional survey of UK parents.

Children's feet are complex structures and strategies for supporting good foot health throughout childhood can be challenging. Greater awareness of the contemporary factors influencing decisions, such as footwear purchases, is needed to inform health narratives which are more closely aligned to parents' attitude and behaviours. The aim of this study was to explore parent's knowledge of children's foot health, understand the common foot health concerns and experiences with footcare services. A purposeful sampling approach was used to recruit parents of children aged 5 years and under. Participants completed a self-administered, online survey which consisted of 39 questions across six sections: (1) Participant demographics; (2) Developmental events (milestones such as crawling and walking); (3) Foot health concerns; (4) Developmental aids (products such as baby bouncers and baby walkers); (5) Footwear; and (6) Foot health information. Both adaptive and mandatory questions were used. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise closed-ended questions, and a summative content analysis was adopted to draw inferences from the text data. Two-hundred thirty-nine parents completed the survey, and this represented female participants (n = 213) aged between the ages 34-42 (n = 126) or 25-34 (n = 83) years of age. The survey generated responses from a wide geographical spread across the UK, but the majority of these were from the North West of England (n = 75) and South East of England (n = 46). Four main themes were drawn from the content analysis: (1) foot health concerns and seeking advice; (2) information and advice; (3) how parents support infant milestone events; and (4) footwear.Conclusion: This work provides insight into parents' perspective on the broad topics of children's foot health, identifying common experiences and concerns about their children's foot health and the factors which influence decision making. Understanding more about these issues will help health professionals support parents during infancy and early years. What is Known: • Maintaining good foot health throughout childhood is important and many factors influence decision making. • There is little understanding about how parents care for their children feet and their understanding of good foot health practices and services. What is New: • Insight into the common factors which influence parents' approaches to supporting early development and the typical concerns that parents encountered about their children's overall foot health and footwear. • Identifies areas of children's foot health for health professionals to target when developing information sources for parents.

Determinants of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding Practices of Newborns in Bangladesh: Evidence From Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey.

Purpose:Early initiation of breastfeeding is essential for newborns after birth to reduce mortality and morbidity. Early initiation of breastfeeding awareness/activities may be a vital role in Bangladesh to minimize the infant deaths. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding practices.Methods:In this study, Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017 to 2018 data was used that will be the first analysis for early initiation of breastfeeding practices in this data set in Bangladesh. Considering the importance of early breastfeeding practices, the dependent variable was divided into 3 categories (immediately: breastfeeding for less than 20 minutes, within an hour, and after 1 hour) to find a significant association with early breastfeeding practices in Bangladesh. Bivariate analysis is used to examine the differentials to early initiation of breastfeeding according to the selected number of background variables. Multinomial logistic regression is used to determine predictive independent factors associated with the dependent variable.Results:Using BDHS 2017 to 2018 data on 4950 observations, this study revealed that 24.6% of mothers breastfed their babies immediately after birth and 36.2% of mothers breastfed their babies within an hour. The rate of mothers who breastfeed their babies immediately after birth is lowest at the age of 20 to 25, mothers with a higher level of education, richer class, Khulna division, the first child born, Islam, and private/NGO. With a multivariate analysis of breastfeeding within an hour compared to immediate breastfeeding: richest (OR = 0.71), Barisal division (OR = 0.72), and Buddhismare less likely to breastfeed newborns compared to the reference category. On the other hand, primary, secondary, and higher educated mothers are more likely to breastfeed newborns compared to no educated mothers. Besides, breastfeeding newborns after 1 hour compared to immediate after birth: mothers aged 20 to 25 (OR = 1.40), richer (OR = 1.46), higher secondary (OR = 2.06), Khulna division (OR = 1.81), and private/NGO (OR = 2.51) are more likely breastfeed newborn.Conclusion:Mother’s education, wealth index, region, birth order, religion, and place of delivery have a significant impact on the early initiation of breastfeeding practices, but the rate of immediate breastfeeding is relatively lower than others. Ultimately, this information will help planners and other professionals plan strategies and interventions to provide good quality health services.

Continuity of Primary Care in the Brazilian Amazon: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study.

Background:Few studies have evaluated the continuity of primary care in universal health care systems, especially in underserved areas.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study with 4,001 adults (≥18 years old) living in the Manaus Metropolitan Region in 2015. Interviews were conducted in households selected with probabilistic sampling. City and neighborhood variables were collected from databanks. Prevalence ratios (PR) of the continuity of care (defined as using a primary care service and having been previously registered in the Family Health Strategy program) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with multilevel Poisson regression analysis.Results:A total of 20.6% (95%CI 19.4-21.9%) of the participants reported continuity of primary care. Women (PR = 1.38; 95%CI 1.18-1.61), nonwhite individuals (PR = 1.13; 95%CI 1.05-1.21), and poorer people (PR = 1.55; 95%CI 1.19-2.02) had higher levels of continuity, whereas health insurance holders had lower levels of continuity (PR = 0.46; 95%CI 0.34-0.62). Individuals with continuity of care had more physician consultations (PR = 1.06; 95%CI 1.02-1.10), dentist consultations (PR = 1.16; 95%CI 1.05-1.28), fewer depressive (PR = 0.59; 95%CI 0.44-0.79) and anxiety symptoms (PR = 0.64; 95%CI 0.48-0.85), and a higher quality of life (β = 0.033; 95%CI 0.011-0.054) than those without continuity.Conclusions:Continuity of care was attained by two-tenths of the population and the level of continuity was high among socioeconomically disadvantaged people. Good outcomes and health services usage increased with continuity of care.

Compliance to iron and folic acid supplements among the pregnant women of the rural field practice area of a medical college in Central Karnataka

Background: According to the World Health Organization anemia in pregnant women is defined as blood hemoglobin 40% of pregnant women all over the world are anemic, South Asia constituting 49.8% and 50.1% by India. About 20% of maternal deaths are caused by complications secondary to anemia worldwide and Iron deficiency anemia accounts for 85%. Additional iron and folic acid (IFA) are needed for pregnant women to meet their own nutritional needs and that of the developing fetus. Deficiencies in IFA during pregnancy can negatively influence the health of the mother as well as fetal development. The use of IFA supplements is associated with a reduced risk of iron deficiency and anemia. Therefore, Reproductive Child Health Program is supplementing 100–200 IFA supplements to all pregnant women who are registered. Objectives: To determine the compliance for IFA tablets and factors influencing it among the pregnant women (2nd and 3rd trimester) residing at Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC) of Shyamanur Shivashankarappa Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre (SSIMS and RC), Davangere. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2017 to December 2017 at RHTC of SSIMS and RC, Davangere. All the pregnant women who gave consent were interviewed on their antenatal visits and data was collected using pre-designed, pre-structured questionnaire and other necessary information were taken from their recent medical reports. Analysis was done by using SPSS v10, Chi-square test was applied to find the association among the variables. Results: In the present study the compliance to IFA tablets was found to be 85.7% among the total participants. Education, type of family, number of antenatal care (ANC) visits are significantly related to the compliance of IFA tablets. Conclusion: Compliance to IFA is higher than the national average which may be attributed to the good awareness and health service provided during the ANC check-ups.

The Influence of Social Support, Religiosity and Psychological Well-Being on Muslim Nurses

Psychological welfare conditions experienced by nurses can have a negative impact on nurses' work attitudes by decreasing nurse work productivity, thus becoming an obstacle to providing good health services to patients. Based on the phenomena that occur, nurses need to know the condition of psychological well-being at work so that nurse health services can be optimal. This study aims to determine the effect of social support and religiosity on the psychological well-being of Muslims. The hypothesis proposed in this study is that there is an influence of social support and religiosity on the psychological well-being of Muslim nurses. This research uses quantitative methods. Respondents in this study were 83 Muslim nurses. Methods of data collection used a scale of psychological well-being (r = 0.921), a scale of social support (r = 0.849), and a scale of religiosity (r = 0.907). The results showed there was an influence of social support and religiosity on the psychological well-being of Muslim nurses. Rsquare determination coefficient of 0.362, this value implies that in this study social support and religiosity made an effective contribution of 36.2% while 63.8% was contributed by other factors.

PROPOSED FRAMEWORK FOR THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION YSTEMS IN IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE IN HOSPITALS A FIELD STUDY AT CAIRO HEART INSTITUTE HOSPITAL

The study aimed to identify the role of management information systems, especially in hospitals, in improving environmental performance. A field study on the Cairo Heart Institute Hospital, Researchers in this study relied on an inductive approach: based on data, statistics and historical facts. The research is based on the study of management information systems and their role in improving the environmental performance of hospitals based on data and statistics from sources Such as books, periodicals, publications, scientific journals, and internet conferences. The researchers also used the descriptive and analytical approach in defining the research problem represented in highlighting management information systems and their role in improving environmental performance in hospitals, and to achieve the goal of the research, a sample of 300 individuals was selected. This study relied on the method of investigation to collect the necessary primary data. Direct and directed, the survey list was presented to a number of managers at the National Heart Institute, as well as some academics specialized in the field of management information systems in Egyptian universities and research centers, in order to verify the extent of the content's validity of the measures used in the list. In light of the results of the study, the most important of which is that there is a statistically significant relationship between the availability of software and the improvement of the environmental performance of the Heart Institute Hospital in Cairo. There is a statistically significant relationship between the management information systems and the improvement of the environmental performance of the Cairo Heart Institute Hospital. It has been possible to reach through a proposed framework the most important recommendations, including the need to establish a central information system at the level of the National Heart Institute hospital in cooperation between the Ministry of Health and Population and the specialized information bodies that includes a group of experts and consultants working on planning and policy-making and providing the hospital management with accurate, clear and sufficient data and information. Which helps them to make the right decisions and then provide a good health service. Establishing a special department for medical quality at the National Heart Institute Hospital that includes a group of capable and specialized expertise in the field of quality management at the Institute.

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEALTH LITERACY AMONG RURAL COMMUNITIES IN RANAU DISTRICT

Health literacy is a vital skill that everyone should have in order to find, understand and use communication and health information to improve their health. It is a crucial thing in public health which should be given attention especially in rural communities as the lack of literacy knowledge may the cause of poor health conditions. The aim of this study is to map the level of health literacy among rural communities in Ranau district. The objective of this study is to identify the distribution pattern of health literacy. Therefore, spatial analysis methods were applied to analysis data. The data were collected through questionnaires integrated into the Geographic Information System (GIS) database as an attributes data. Then, spatial analysis was conducted to identify the distribution of the health literacy. Subsequently, the study was able to visualize the geographical distributions of health literacy level data in a form of a map. The result shows that people who lived in rural areas with limited access to health information and lack of health facilities are more likely to have low health literacy compare to those lived in areas with unlimited access to health information and good health services. Hence, this study provides the data to the Public Health Department and Health Promotion division, so they could take necessary measures with reference to the high-risk areas. This information could effectively be used in communicating with, and as well as educating the public on awareness, prevention, and better healthcare to enhance the quality of life among communities, mainly in rural areas.

PENGELOMPOKAN DATA PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI KOTA MAKASSAR MENGGUNAKAN WARD’S METHOD

In health services, the quality of service places patients as the party who consumes and enjoys health services, including those that most determine the quality of health services. The Makassar city health office noted that the people served in 2018 reached 81.77% compared to 2017 which was only 81.71%. The data released by the health department have not shown specifically which districts had very good, pretty good, and poor health services during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, we need a classification method, namely the ward's method. Health services in this study include hospitals, health centers, home care and telemedicine in 15 sub-district locations. Based on the results of the analysis formed 3 clusters, namely cluster 1 with members of the sub-districts of Biringkanaya, Bontoala, Makassar, Manggala, Tallo, Tamalanrea, and Wajo which have pretty good health services. cluster 2 with sub-district members namely Mamajang, Panakkukang, Rappocini, Ujung Pandang, and Sangkarang Islands which have very good health services, cluster 3 with members of Mariso, Tamalate and Ujung Tanah sub-districts which have poor health services.

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Skills of Nurses in Installation of Infuses at Mitra Medika Amplas Hospital

Nurses are one of the most decisive factors in achieving optimal health services with quality nursing care. The quality of good health services can be seen from the facilities, technology, physical appearance, and behaviour of employees which must reflect high professionalism and commitment. Patient complaints related to the infusion by nurses at Mitra Medika Amplas Hospital are still common. The research objective was to analyze the factors affecting the skills of nurses in the infusion set up at Mitra Medika Hospital Amplas. The research design used an analytic survey with a cross-sectional design. The study population of all nurses who work in outpatient and inpatient rooms were 190 people. The sampling technique used cluster random sampling. The number of samples to be studied was 100 respondents. Data analysis was performed by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. The results of the research variable knowledge obtained p-value = .04, attitude 1.0, leadership .53, work design structure .209, experience .166, and 1.0 career path. The p-value of knowledge <.05 means that the influence between knowledge and skills of nurses in infusion found. The variable attitude, leadership, work design structure, experience, and career path p-value >.05 means the influence between the knowledge and skills of nurses in infusion not found. Based on 6 variables tested, only the knowledge factor that had an influence on the skills of nurses in the infusion. It is recommended for health workers to always carry out nursing care based on the applicable SPO, for further researchers it is recommended to examine other factors.

Experts’ point of view on migrants’ health and Bulgarian health system performance

Abstract Introduction Migrants often face serious inequities concerning their state of health and their access to good quality health services. The aim of the study is to analyze the experts' point of view on migrants' health and Bulgarian health system performance in this field. Methods Within the TRAIN4M&H project, founded by European Commission, work seminar was organized in Bulgaria in March 2019th. Focus group and facilitated discussion with experts intended to elicit information about significant migrants' health problems was performed. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through an unstructured interview. Data processing was performed by SPSS v.24. Results All participants in the seminar: 22 frontline health professionals (5), law enforcement officers (13), social workers (2) and other professionals (2) were covered. According 60% of participants the health of migrants threatens the health of the host population. The leading health issues among migrants are: infectious and parasitic disorders as a result of bad hygiene (9), psychiatric problems and drug abuse (5), children and pregnant women health problems (3) etc. Most of the experts (77.3%) determine that there is no difference between health care needs of the migrants and Bulgarian population. None of the respondents said that migrants need hospital care mainly. On the opposite, according to experts' point of view they need emergency care (31.8%), primary health care (36.4%) and specialized care (22.7%). The Bulgarian health system provides adequate health care only in some specific cases, according to two thirds of the respondents. As positive results of the health system performance experts point “asylum seekers are fully health insured”, “the treatment of migrants in the centers is free of charge” etc. Conclusions In order to establish migrant friendly health system in Bulgaria and to improve the quality of services provided develop and enhance skills of professionals working at local level is crucial. Key messages Professionals working at local level with migrants have to be well qualified to face problems in relation to migrants’ health and their access to health care. According to the experts working at local level with migrants Bulgarian health system is not well prepared and provides adequate health care for migrants only in some specific cases.

30.G. Round table: Health planning In Europe: preparing for the expected and the unexpected

The objective of this round table discussion is to highlight the need for careful and systematic health planning of health systems in Europe, illustrate how health planning can be used for policy and management and provide some useful tools for participants to bring home and apply in their own contexts. Participants will acquire knowledge on current health care planning in some leading international organisations, with examples from some countries and regionHealth in Europe is facing challenges and threats of both immediate and longer term character. In recent years, discussions on health care in the future has focussed on pressures coming from the increase in chronic diseases and demographic changes, such as the growing number of older people. Recently, the covid-19 outbreak has shown that newly emerging diseases can cause massive challenges to public health and health services. Both developments illustrate the need of health systems to be prepared for both expected and unexpected developments and to engage in careful planning of resource needs to ensure good health services to all. This session seeks to present approaches to health planning and discuss with the audience different methods for simulation and analysis of future health care needs and the resulting requirements for financial and human resources. The session will contribute to the development of health services and public health in Europe by highlighting the necessity to establish structures for comprehensive health planning and to seek ways to meet future challenges well in time. The round-table will have four participants, each of them giving an initial brief on some essential elements of health planning: projections of disease burden and health care needs,forecasting of health care costs and funding sources,health workforce needs in relation to disease burden projections, andplanning for unexpected events such as pandemics and climate threatsEach brief will be given a short comment by one of the other participants. After all four briefs, panel members will give general or specific comments on the topic and subsequently, the audience will be invited to provide input and pose questions to the panel members. Based on the presentations given and the information provided in the discussions, a report on the session will be compiled and made available to participants and the wider public electronically.Key messages Health care planning is important for emergency preparedness and long term sustainable delivery of health services.The best available estimates of population health developments and the resulting needs for prevention and health care should be the basis for health services planning.

Analysis of Health Utilization Services in Worship Place

Background. Good health services will greatly affect health improvement and treatment. One of the health service facilities is the mosque health service. The number of visits to mosque health services from 2016- 2018 decreased by 49.1%. Purpose. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the worshipers of the mosque in the utilization of mosque health services in Surabaya Ittihad mosque. Method. This study design used descriptive method with cross sectional research design. Population and samples were the entire worshipers of the Ittihad mosque. The number of samples 123 respondents with sampling techniques conducted by means of purposive sampling. Data was collected by interview using a questionnaire. Data analysis used Chi Square test. Results. This study shows that the sex of mosque worshipers (p = 0,604), age (p = 0,617), education (p = 0,690), occupation (p = 0,243), knowledge about mosque health services (p = 0,999), mosque health service Tariff (p = 0.645), and access to information (p = <0.001). Conclusion. It can be concluded that the factors that influence the utilization of mosque health services are access to information provided by the mosque and mosque health services.

Workforce diversity, diversity training and ethnic minorities: The case of the UK National Health Service

This research studied an NHS organization as a case to explore how it is responding to cross-cultural issues against a backdrop of policy expectations about equitable and good quality mental health service provision to service users of a minority ethno-cultural group in the UK. Data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with 20 participants from three hierarchical levels of the organization. The research found that the concepts of culture and ethnicity are used in a fixed way in the interventions (staff diversity training and ethnic matching) taken by the case organization. It is argued that this fixed understanding of cultural concepts and related interventions may not be helpful in meeting the needs of service users, especially in the context of United Kingdom, which is characterized as a super-diverse society. It appears that the interventions are developed and implemented on the conceptualization of cultural identity as generic and fixed. Organizations working in a multicultural society, or where they have service users from a variety of ethnic and cultural backgrounds, need to develop and implement interventions based on individualized and fluid understanding of such concepts. The findings of this study contribute to cross-cultural management scholarship by taking a critical stance on the concept of culture, as it is operationalized by a large organization. We show how, even when required by national policy, this one-dimensional model of culture causes human resource management interventions, intended to address cultural diversity, to be perceived as ineffective.

The Related Factors of Nurses' Participation and Perceived Benefits and Barriers in Health Policy Making.

Nurses play a critical role in providing good health services. The aim of this study was to examine the factors related to the participation of nurses in the provision of health services and the perceived benefits and barriers to their participation in health policy making. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in several hospitals affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences during the first half of 2018 on a sample size of 220 people. A standard, self-management questionnaire was used to collect the data, and SPSS 21.0 software was used for data analysis. None of the demographic characteristics were found to be significantly associated with nurse participation in or the perceived barriers and benefits to health policy making. The results of this study show that the participants were involved only moderately in health policy making. "Providing written reports on problems or receiving consultation from a related official" was the performance item most frequently cited by the participants in terms of involvement, whereas "Disappointment in work procedures" was the most frequently cited barrier item affecting involvement. Despite the importance of the nursing role in health polices, this study indicates that nurses participate at only a moderate level in health policy-making activities. Providing more information to nurses regarding health policies, enhancing nurses' image of their job and their perceptions about the importance of their participation in the health policy, increasing partnerships with nurses at the upper levels of health services management, and supporting nursing professional organizations in the field of health policy are potential strategies for encouraging greater nursing participation in health policy making.

Pengetahuan Penerapan Keselamatan Pasien (Patient Safety) Pada Petugas Kesehatan

ABSTRAK
 
 Keselamatan pasien merupakan dasar dari pelayanan kesehatan yang baik. Pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan dalam sasaran keselamatan pasien terdiri dari ketepatan identifikasi pasien, peningkatan komunikasi yang efektif, peningkatan keamanan obat yang perlu diwaspadai, kepastian tepat lokasi, prosedur, dan tepat pasien operasi, pengurangan risiko infeksi, pengurangan risiko pasien jatuh. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan penerapan keselamatan pasien pada petugas kesehatan di Puskesmas Kedaung Wetan Kota Tangerang. Metode Penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelasi menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi sebanyak 50 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar kuesioner. Teknik analisa diatas menggunakan analisa Univariat dan Bivariat. Hasil Penelitian ada Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Penerapan Keselamatan Pasien pada Petugas Kesehatan, dengan hasil, p value sebesar 0,013 < 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Penerapa Keselamatan Pasien pada Petugas Kesehatan. Kesimpulan dan Saran hasil penelitian ada Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Penerapan Keselamatan Pasien. Disarankan Bagi petugas kesehatan agar lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang penerapan sasaran keselamatan pasien, baik dengan mengikuti seminar-seminar maupun mengukuti workshop secara kontinyu, sehingga diharapkan penerapan patient safety dapat diterapkan lebih optimal dan tercipta pelayanan kesehatan yang aman dan sesuai dengan standar sasaran keselamatan pasien.

Improving Quality of Education in Extreme Adversities-The case of Libya

History of medical education in Libya spans over a period of 50 years. Medical education started in faculty of medicine at Benghazi in 1970, and at Tripoli in 1973. Both medical schools performed their main core function and their graduates provided good health services locally and abroad. However, the medical schools did not keep up with the immense changes that medical education experienced over the last two decades with inclusion of research and community services within their main core function [1-3],

REQUIREMENTS FOR DIAGRAMING IN THE DESIGN OF MENTAL HEALTH DELIVERY SERVICES

AbstractDelivering good quality mental health services remains a top priority in the English National Health Service (NHS). An approach to designing better delivery systems that takes into account the complexities of mental health services is highly desirable. This paper follows previous work that have sought to identify the key components of mental health delivery systems and explored the nature of the relationships between them. The paper presents the results of a qualitative thematic analysis of the requirements for diagrams as tools for describing and representing delivery systems in mental health.