Good Friend Research Articles

PERAN TEMAN SEBAYA DALAM PEMBENTUKAN AKHLAK ANAK: Studi Di MTs Muhammadiyah Curup

This study sought to investigate a depiction of students’ parallel social engagement pattern in MTS Muhammadiyah of Curup, Bengkulu. In so doing, it dealt with whether their peers played a role in the formation of students’ morality. The foregoing question was answered through field research using a qualitative approach. The subjects as well as informants of this study were the principal, teachers, and students at MTs Muhammadiyah of Curup. Data collection techniques were observation and interviews, and then the data were analyzed using Miles’ et al approach, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. This study concluded that the role of peers for the formation of students’ morality was seen in students’ tendency to choose their playmates at school. If they preferred good friends, then they would follow those friends’ behavior, and vice versa. Efforts made by the school to overcome students who were not morally good were in a way that teachers consolidate with counseling teachers, class teachers, and parents in order to work together to overcome this problem. Keywords : Students’ morality, Peers

The Mises-Hayek Connection

A good friend of mine, Brent Gilliland wrote an article entitled 'In Defense of Misesian Historical Revisionism' and in this article, I attempt to draw a re-formulation of the argument that Gilliland makes and develop it from a Hayekian point of view. I attempt to show that, in general historical evolution cannot be traced to a strict rationalist interpretation, but rather history evolves along the lines of observed behaviours, cooperation, culture and social values. I attempt to emphasise that, contrary to Gilliland's emphasis on individual ideas, it should really be placed on various interacting parts rather than merely a stone-cold abstract individual.

MISSIONARY WORK OF THERA SÃRIPUTTA

Thera Sãriputta worked together with TheraMogallana to propagate Dhamma, restore order and faith in the Sangha. They won back 500 monks led astray by Devadatta by preaching them at Vultures’ Peak in Rajgir. They also admonished monks who misbehaved themselves like the monks led by Assaji (not the Elder Assaji), and Punnabbasu of Kitagiri. Thera Sãriputta had very good relations with fellow monks. Thera Sãriputtarepeated to Ananda what Buddha often said, ‘the whole of Holy life was good friends.’ VenerableAnanda would give ordination to young pupils and then bring them to Thera Sãriputtafor Higher ordination. Thera Sãriputtadid likewise and between the 2 of them, they shared 500 pupils in common. VenerableAnanda also would offer robes and other requisites, which he received to Thera Sãriputta.

Chemical Crimes: Science and Poison in Victorian Crime Fiction, by Cheryl Blake Price

Reviewed by: Chemical Crimes: Science and Poison in Victorian Crime Fiction by Cheryl Blake Price Clare Clarke (bio) Chemical Crimes: Science and Poison in Victorian Crime Fiction, by Cheryl Blake Price; pp. xii– 195. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 2019, $69.95. Cheryl Blake Price's Chemical Crimes: Science and Poison in Victorian Crime Fiction focuses on criminal poisoners, and examines how and why fictional poisonings transitioned into what Price terms "chemical crimes" over the course of the nineteenth century. For Price, chemical crimes and criminals are distinct from mere poisoners; they are instead "a rarefied group of criminals who drew from scientific knowledge and methodology to perpetrate domestic crime" (2). The terms "chemical criminal" and "chemical crime" are invoked frequently in this monograph (2), although never very satisfyingly defined beyond the broad claim that "chemical criminals" may be "professionally trained chemists and doctors and just people who employ scientific methodology in the commission of their crimes" (3). This definition seems to be so all-encompassing as to lose usefulness. The book's second aim is to "investigate the interesting correlation between chemical crime and innovations in genre development." For Price, "chemical crime is present in almost every significant moment in the development of Victorian crime fiction," with the chemical criminal appearing "at the origins of sensation, detective, and science fictions—and when the boundaries of genres like the Newgate novel expand and anticipate later genre developments" (3). Price argues that this book's "focus on the criminal applications of science offers a corrective to the current way of understanding the development of Victorian crime fiction by moving the critical focus back onto the criminal and away from the detective" (13). The focus upon the criminal is certainly worthwhile; however, this thesis overstates the originality of this project, as demonstrated by the introduction's almost entirely absent review of recent scholarship in the field. In a project devoted to exploring the development of crime and detective fiction, with particular attention to the porosity of generic boundaries, I would have expected detailed reference to the groundbreaking work carried out by Joseph A. Kestner, Maurizio Ascari, Lee Horsley, Caroline Reitz, Upamanyu Pablo Mukherjee, Christopher Pittard, Lucy Sussex, Srdjan Smajić, Michael Cook, and my own work. These scholars offer early and/or alternative, and much fuller, accounts of Victorian crime fiction, yet their voices do not contribute much or at all to Price's discussion. Chapter 1 examines Letitia Elizabeth Landon's silver fork novel Ethel Churchill, set in the 1720s and published in 1837, where the female protagonist murders her husband and her lover by poisoning. Price argues that Ethel Churchill strongly influenced Edward Bulwer-Lytton's Lucretia, a Newgate novel published in 1846. The two authors were indeed good friends, although Price admits that there is "no direct evidence that Bulwer had Ethel Churchill in mind when he began writing Lucretia" (49). The chapter attempts to chart the influence of the silver fork novel on the Newgate novel by arguing that the first has erroneously been left out of scholarly accounts of crime fiction's development. Landon's novel is a fascinating examination of female madness and criminality, but this does not automatically mean that we can term it crime fiction. The work of Stephen Knight, Tzvetan Todorov, or John Cawelti would have been useful here in helping to define the terminology. Furthermore, the employment of one silver fork [End Page 306] novel to argue for the significance of the entire genre on crime writing is problematic, especially given Price's admission that both novels are somewhat unrepresentative of their larger genres: Ethel Churchill "does not strictly adhere to the silver fork formula" and "is also unusual because it features a crime (other than the crime of adultery) perpetrated by a female character" (36); Lucretia "seems in many ways an awkward fit for Newgate fiction" (66). The book finds firmer ground in discussions of sensation fiction. Chapter 2 examines gothic medicine and the figure of the poisoning doctor in the fiction of Ellen Wood, connecting this to the lengthy discussion of Wilkie Collins's Count Fosco in the book's introduction. Building upon work by Tabatha Sparks, Andrew Mangham, and...

Rolf Zetterström: Discovered how bilirubin harms the brain in newborns with jaundice.

From the time I started school, I heard how brilliant Rolf Zetterström was from my father, who was also a paediatrician. Rolf had applied for a professorship in paediatrics at the Karolinska Hospital Children’s Clinic and was the favourite among the experts. He had among other things discovered how bilirubin harms the brains of newborns with jaundice. But the faculty likely considered him to be too young, which is why he was bypassed by the somewhat older Johnny Lind. As young as 38, Rolf was instead granted professorship at Gothenburg, where he quickly established distinguished research projects with adeptes such as Jan Winberg, Olov Celander and Johan Gentz. Four years later, he was called to the paediatric professorship at the Crown Princess Lovisa—later Saint Göran—Hospital. He had a fantastic ability to recruit research paediatricians, whereof several were from preclinical institutions. Several of them later became professors, such as Ove Broberger, Anita Aperia, Birgitta Strandvik, Ulla Berg, Agne Larsson and Gisela Dahlquist. Rolf was not just an influential researcher with over 400 publications but also a skilful clinician, who quickly could make the correct diagnosis in difficult cases. He was active for many years in the Nobel committee for physiology or medicine and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was known in academic contexts for almost always asking relevant questions, if only after first giving a historical summary, before—in a somewhat crumpled way—reaching the point. For 40 years—between 1965 and 2005—he was editor-in-chief for Acta Paediatrica (Figure 1) and then continued as literature editor almost until his death in 2011. Owing to his encyclopaedic knowledge, he was competent to review articles within almost all paediatric subspecialties, even if he had associate editors to assist. I believe he read most of the articles himself and was very particular with the scientific quality. Manuscripts could be sent back and forth between the editorial office and the authors before they were accepted. Rolf was also recognised and respected internationally. It was therefore a challenge for me to succeed him in 2005, and he was not exactly happy to retire as editor-in-chief at 85 years of age. But we became very good friends. He came almost daily to the editorial office in an old villa between Karolinska Hospital’s main building and the Northern Cemetery. His office was cluttered with books and manuscripts. He continued to write, and engaged himself in all sorts of projects, on topics such as the environmental disasters around the polluted Aral Sea. I could always visit his office and discuss everything from Vitamin D, to BCG vaccination, to social paediatrics. He told me about several Nobel prize winners in physiology or medicine, which he had helped to judge. To a great extent, the conversations also surrounded the incompetence of most hospital directors. I was myself critical, but not nearly to Rolf’s degree. But when I met him in his later days, Rolf was not some hard authoritarian type of boss as the rumours went. He was then relatively humble and warm-hearted, and it was always rewarding to converse with him. The author has no conflicts of interest to declare.

Perceiving personality through the grapevine: A network approach to reputations.

Reputations are critical in human social life: they allow people to share and act on information about one another, even when they have never met. Reputations can be conceptualized as information about a target person that is stored in networks of perceivers and transmitted through either direct interaction or hearsay. We present a novel paradigm that integrates the network approach with interpersonal perception research. We apply that paradigm to study the consensus, accuracy, positivity bias, and consequences of personality trait information in hearsay-based reputations. In 2 preregistered studies (N = 260 and 369), we created naturalistic micronetworks in the lab in which participants interacted and got to know one another, then later described each other to naïve third parties. Across studies, we use the extended Social Accuracy Model (Wessels, Zimmermann, Biesanz, & Leising, 2020) and an extension of the domain-wise correlational approach (Kenny, 1994). Hearsay-based reputations are about as positively biased as direct reputations. They showed strong consensus (agreement) with direct reputations and modest accuracy, suggesting that they can consolidate around an inaccurate representation. Perceivers' extraversion was associated with more biased hearsay reputations. Experimentally manipulating the context of the hearsay exchange had no detectable impact on hearsay consensus or accuracy. Hearsay reputations were consequential, affecting the extent to which perceivers thought targets would be good leaders or friends. These results provide initial insights into reputation networks and suggest several important future directions for the network approach to reputations. We also present open materials and data analysis software for others to extend the reputations-as-networks approach. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Moral Injury.

Moral Injury.

Claus Heinberg (1945–2021) – Trace fossils, Greenland expeditions and bivalves of the K–T boundary strata

The eminent palaeontologist and Greenland explorer Claus Heinberg was born in 1945 and died in 2021 after prolonged illness. His scientific production was focused on two remarkably different subjects: the bivalve fauna of the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–T) boundary beds and the Mesozoic geology and stratigraphy of eastern North Greenland. He was employed at Roskilde University during most of his career until he retired in 2012. He was part of a cross disciplinary collaborative environment, comprising biologists, geographers, geologists, sociologists, civil engineers and architects. He was a highly engaged social debater of a wide spectrum of societal subjects throughout his life. He was a fine person, a good colleague and friend.

Memories of Terry Erwin

We were fortunate to have known Terry not only as an excellent professional coleopterist and an enthusiastic colleague, but also as a good friend. Entomological meetings for us came with an evening supper or two with Terry and the kind of laid-back personal catch-up that happens only among friends with long-term interest in each other’s lives. Through our connections with the University of Alberta and George Ball we were also happy members of Terry’s basal academic family. While we will join the rest of a broader scientific community in missing his presence in development of ideas about beetles, biodiversity and evolution, the kinds of work that Terry promoted will continue. We will, of course, be interested in following how the understanding of carabids and nature develops further from Terry’s contributions. This will most certainly continue to grow, partly through the efforts of those that he has influenced. Every practicing research scientist has some role to play in the great chain of discovery, and much of this volume is meant to celebrate Terry’s contributions and showcase how they have influenced the work of others. Our own more enduring sense of loss will flow from the personal interactions with Terry that were generally part of our timelines. Despite the sadness associated with such loss, our memories of interactions with Terry underscore a sense of joy and gratefulness for having connected with him interpersonally in life. Given Terry’s affable and social nature, many others will have such memories. Thus, when Lyubomir Penev asked us to coordinate a selection of ‘memories’ for this memorial volume, we were happy to undertake the task and gather together a selection of memories of our friend, Terry Erwin. What follows is a series of recollections by people who knew and worked with him from a number of perspectives during a broad range of his academic career. We are most grateful to those who have been willing to share their reflections. These are presented here as a way of reaching beyond Terry’s considerable scientific influence to also preserve some sense of his influence on the lives of people, and the ways in which he encouraged and inspired them. We thank all the contributors for their efforts and Diane Hollingdale for work to bring the included photographs to the best possible publication standard. John R. SpenceEdmonton, Alberta David H. KavanaughSan Francisco, California David R. MaddisonCorvallis, Oregon

The Influence of Peer Pressure on Male Prisoners’ Involvement in Street Crime

Previous studies have indicated that peer pressure is a contributing factor to an individual's involvement in street-crime activities. This paper, thus, aims to explore the influence of peer pressure on street crime propensities among Malaysian male inmates. Employing a mixed mode research design, 282 inmates were involved in surveys at four prisons in Peninsular Malaysia. Only 20 inmates were selected for in-depth interviews at the Kajang Prison. The results show that 72 percent of prisoners admitted to having a partner involved in street crime and 60.3 percent of them engaged in criminal activity before being arrested and imprisoned. The majority of inmates admitted to set certain criteria in the selection of peers based on contextual needs - good friends to share daily activities and bad peers for criminal activities. Strategic partners (governmental bodies) need to work together strategically to ensure that street crime can be prevented at the community level.

“Three Steps Above Heaven? Really? That’s All Tactic!” New Alternative Masculinities Dismantling Dominant Traditional Masculinity’s Strategies

Research on preventive socialization of gender violence has contributed abundant empirical evidence that attraction to violence is common among adolescents. This has meant that “bad guys,” or those who reflect the Dominant Traditional Masculinity (DTM) model, are chiefly perceived as appealing, while “good guys” are perceived as good friends but not desirable. The mainstream media tends to reproduce this traditional model of affective-sexual relationships, which has harmful effects on young girls concerning gender and sexuality. However, New Alternative Masculinity men are challenging this traditional and unsatisfactory model of affective-sexual relationships. The 2010 Spanish version of the movie Three Steps above Heaven, a good example of this kind of media product, has proven to greatly impact communicative acts among adolescents. This article explores how this influence on adolescents is because the communicative acts about Hache – the main character in the movie – are full of the language of desire, and his own communicative acts are full of violence. On the one hand, we analyze how Three Steps above Heaven employs communicative acts to enhance the attractiveness of DTM. On the other hand, based on the evidence gathered in a communicative focus group (CFG) addressed to 15- and 16-year-old female adolescents, we analyze how New Alternative Masculinity men are demystifying Hache and the idea of having a “Three Steps Above Heaven” by demonstrating with the powerful language of desire that men like him employ farce strategies. The article includes evidence from interventions with adolescents where discussion of movies like this, with the involvement of New Alternative Masculinity men and grounded in the language of desire, can transform the perception about the sexual-affective relationship in the movie, thus counteracting their negative influence in terms of attraction to violence.

Autistic and peudo-autistic traits in ongoing complex trauma

AimsTo compare the neurodevelopmental profiles of Albanian street children to those predicted by the Coventry grid.BackgroundA street children's centre had requested help to meet children's emotional needs. No program exists for children experiencing ongoing complex trauma. With input from widely-experienced consultant psychiatrist and consultant psychologist, a very low-intensity program of coping skills was piloted. Extensive anonymised notes were taken as part of the piloting.The Coventry grid is a clinical tool comparing patterns of difficulties typically seen in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) versus attachment difficulties. It's based on clinical experience and invites ongoing feedback.Method12 Children aged 5–12 years completed the two-week program. The notes were examined for their relevance to areas of the Coventry Grid.ResultThe children showed both traits typical of ASD and of attachment problems. Identifying emotions was impossible for the youngest group (5–7 years); while the older groups could say whether someone was likely to feel “good” or “bad” but struggled to differentiate further.Fantasy and symbolic play were hard for the younger children. If asked to imagine a situation, they replied “but that's not happening”. One child constantly hugged a stuffed doll, but couldn't use it for play. Both younger groups found it hard to imagine a safe-place, though they could say what they wanted in it (chocolate and a working lightbulb). The oldest group all chose a real place related to the centre.Generalising was difficult for all the children. The older children could say whether a story character was a good friend, but not apply this to real life. The youngest children were told a story about a dangerous stranger. Afterwards, the children said they would still go away with strangers as only the man in the story had said he wanted to harm children.The younger children were diffusely attached, but the boys’ eye contact, gesturing, and language were normal in all age groups. All children formed friendships easily, played in a group and were intensely loyal to siblings. They didn't show restricted interests, distress at changes to routine or sensory difficulties. They showed good awareness of the widely divergent social rules at the centre and at home.ConclusionThe children showed a mix of traits usually associated with attachment difficulties and those usually associated with ASD. They may be different from UK clinic samples as they continued to experience severe trauma.

Scientific Publishing: How to select the best articles – a word about transparency

Scientific Publishing: How to select the best articles – a word about transparency

In Memory of Andy Brooks

In Memory of Andy Brooks

Cartography Is Here.

In late June 2019, I received an email from Chris McDowall, a good friend and geographer at heart, saying: ‘And the atlas … Oh man. This has been so stressful and I’ve tied myself up in all sorts o...

169 Qualitative Identification of Multilevel Influences on Sleep in Latinx Pre-Adolescents

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of obesity among U.S. Latinx children is nearly 10% higher than in their white counterparts. Long-term success of diet and activity level-focused interventions has been limited. Poor sleep is associated with increased obesity risk in youth. Application of social ecological models of behavior change to identify influences of sleep in Latinx youth may reveal unique intervention targets to improve their sleep, which may reduce obesity risk. This qualitative study aimed to identify the multilevel factors that Latinx pre-adolescents believe affect their sleep duration, quality and timing. Methods Eleven focus groups were conducted with forty-six 10-to-12-year-old Latinx pre-adolescents (50% female). Focus groups continued until saturation was reached, and no new information was emerging. Iterative deductive thematic content analysis was conducted by two independent coders (IRR=.815). Results Three themes affecting children’s sleep resulted: 1) Individual-level (emotional/ physical feelings or behaviors); 2) Social (direct interactions with others); and 3) Environmental (characteristics, objects or perceptions of physical environment) influences. Individual-level influences were primarily psychological (e.g., stress, “Whenever I have a test the next day, I am stressed and I wake up I’m like so tired”) and behavioral (e.g., activity levels, “just sitting just the whole day… when it comes to nighttime, you’re not even tired”), and affected sleep quality and timing. Interactions with siblings (e.g., “She [sister] always gets mad at me and like in the night she like wakes me up” and friends (e.g., “arguments like with a really good friend… the whole night I think about it”) were social factors affecting sleep quality. Environmental influences came from within the sleep area and neighborhood, including temperature (e.g., “I like my pillows cold”) and noise (e.g., “My neighbor’s dog… they always take them out at night time to like play with them and then I could hear the dog barking and them screaming”). Conclusion While social influences exist, individual feelings and sleep environment seem to be more prevalent impacts on sleep of Latinx children. Findings support the notion that developing multi-level strategies may be effective in enhancing sleep duration, quality and timing for Latinx pre-adolescents. Support (if any) NIH-NHLBI 5K01HL140283

China-Pakistan Common Community building and Joint-Cooperation and Mutual Assistance Action in Pandemic

The friendship between China and Pakistan is higher than mountains, deeper than oceans, sweeter than honey, and harder than steel. The two countries are good neighbors, good friends and good brothers and all-weather strategic partners. The friendship between China and Pakistan can endure time and difficulties and will grow stronger over time, however the economic connectivity between the two countries lag behind the politically good relations. In order to further integrate China-Pakistan relations economically, during Chinese President Xi Jinping’s visit to Islamabad in April 2015, the heads of the two countries finalized the construction of the flagship project of China s “Belt and Road” initiative, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor in which China promised to provide Pakistan with US$46 billion in infrastructure and energy projects in the form of loans and investment within 15 years, and later increased the total to US$62 billion. The construction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is progressing smoothly, and some early harvest projects have fulfilled interconnection. At the beginning of 2020, the world suffered from a disease rare in a few centuries. In the joint prevention and control of the pandemic, China and Pakistan have truly realized mutual assistance and regardless death and lethality, which is a real model of international cooperation. The joint efforts of the two countries to fight the epidemic include mutual assistance of materials, exchange of expert meetings, information sharing and mutual morality support internationally.

Dasakathāvatthu: An Alternative Path of Practice Leading to Liberation (vimutti)

Dasakathāvatthu (ten subjects of discourse) appears to be a unique, but less known course of training in the Buddhist spiritual practice of the Theravāda tradition. Though the importance of the practice is highlighted, it is discussed with very little information in the Pāli Nikāya literature. But a well-informed discussion of the practice is found in the commentarial texts. One specific feature of the practice is that the path factors are defined as kathā (talk) suggesting that the practice is dialogical. This is in connection with the Buddha’s advice that monks should spend their time either in dhamma-discussion or in noble silence. The dasakathāvatthu is an illustration of the kind of practice and talks that qualify for dhamma-discussion. The commentarial literature points out that the Buddha highly appreciates the one who, after being skilled in these talks, acts as a kalyānamitta (good friend) and discusses them with others. The stress seems to be that the conversation one has with fellow practitioners is vital in one’s spiritual journey. In other words, the spiritual journey should consist in not walking alone but walking together. For my study of the subject, I used primarily the Pāli Nikāya texts and their commentaries as source materials.

First impressions of child faces: Facial trustworthiness influences adults’ interpretations of children’s behavior in ambiguous situations

Despite the profound behavioral consequences that first impressions of trustworthiness have on adult populations, few studies have examined how adults’ first impressions of trustworthiness influence behavioral outcomes for children. Using a novel task design, we examined adults’ perceptions of children’s behavior in ambiguous situations. After a brief presentation of a child’s face (high trust or low trust), participants viewed the child’s face embedded within an ambiguous scene involving two children (Scene Task) or read a vignette about a misbehavior done by that child (Misbehavior Task). In the Scene Task, participants described what they believed to be happening in each scene; in the Misbehavior Task, participants indicated whether the behavior was done on purpose or by accident. In both tasks, participants also rated the behavior of the target child and indicated whether that child would be a good friend. In Experiment 1, young adults (n = 61) and older adults (n = 57) viewed unaltered face images. In Experiment 2, young adults (N = 59) completed the same tasks while viewing images of child faces morphed toward high-trust and low-trust averages. In both experiments, ambiguous scenes and misbehaviors were interpreted more positively when the target child had a high-trust face versus a low-trust face, with comparable patterns of results for the two age groups. Collectively, our results demonstrate that a child’s facial trustworthiness biases how adults interpret children’s behavior—a heuristic that may have lasting behavioral consequences for children through a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Interaction (Election Campaigning Communication)

Interaction (Election Campaigning Communication)