Good Design Research Articles

Do the poor save more? Evidence from natural disasters and household savings in China

One defining feature of China’s economy has been its extremely high domestic savings over the past few decades. This study sheds new light on natural disasters and aims to investigate the impacts of natural disasters on household savings. We find that natural disasters significantly increase household savings. On average, one additional disaster-related unexpected death per 1,000 populations corresponds to an increase of 12.1% in household savings, which is translated into an increased household savings of 724 million Chinese Yuan per county and 4,957 Chinese Yuan per household. Moreover, the effect of natural disasters can be explained through income vulnerability and experience spreading channels. Finally, the heterogeneity analysis reveals that regions with better infrastructure, medical and welfare resources withstand lesser negative disaster shocks on precautionary savings. It thereby emphasizes that a growing economy must be matched with a good design of infrastructure and social facilities to cope with the growing frequency of natural disasters, especially in the developing world.

Electric Submersible Pump Lifted Oil Field: Basic Model for Control, and Comparison of Simulation Tools

Optimal operation of petroleum production is important in a transition from energy systems based on fossil fuel to sustainable systems. One sub-process in petroleum production deals with transport from the (subsea) well-bore to a topside separator. Good control design for such operation requires a dynamic model of the petroleum flow from the well-bore to the separator. Here, such a dynamic model is considered for liquid production (oil/water) using an electric submersible pump (ESP) to aid in counteracting gravity and friction forces. Based on an existing model used for industrial control design, one goal is to report a complete dynamic model in a single paper. Emphasis is put on dimensionless equipment models for the simple change of units, and the model is developed from physical laws for easy replacement of sub-models, if needed. All the necessary information (equations, parameters) for model implementation is provided, and two candidate equation-based modeling languages are selected and compared: Modelica and ModelingToolkit [MTK] for Julia. The simulation results are virtually identical for the two languages and make sense from physics; however, there is a minor discrepancy in one plot—likely caused by slight differences in accuracy in handling initialization in the implicit algebraic equations. The implementation structures of the model in Modelica and MTK are similar. Modelica is a mature and excellent modeling tool, handles large-scale models, and has tools for producing C code and integration with other tools. MTK is still in rapid development, supports more model types than Modelica, and is integrated in an eco-system with excellent support for control design, optimization, model fitting, and more. To illustrate the suitability of using the developed model for control design, a simple PI controller is designed within the eco-system of MTK/Julia.

Effect of drying kinetics model on energy efficiency of drying systems

The effect of drying kinetics models on the energy efficiency of a conveyor-belt convective drying system was investigated. Experiments were conducted on the material to be dried, and the system was modeled using two drying kinetics models. Mathematical models incorporating the drying kinetics model were used to create a module that designs the drying system under given operating conditions. A comparison of the design results of two drying kinetics models under various operating conditions demonstrated that the total drying time of the material can be incorrectly estimated by an average of 35 % when an inappropriate model is used. Furthermore, this inaccurate estimation of the drying time leads to the total energy usage of the system being up to 32 % higher than necessary. These results demonstrate that a good dryer design cannot be guaranteed merely by using experimental data of the material to be dried; the design process must include selection of the most suitable model among various models considering the drying characteristics. Consequently, an appropriate algorithm that incorporates the selection of suitable drying kinetics models can contribute to reduced energy consumption and carbon emissions in various energy-intensive drying processes, especially with the widespread use of conveyor-belt dryers.

ANALISA PENGARUH CACAT PRODUK AIR TRAPS PADA SIMULASI INJECTION MOLDING

Injection molding, is a manufacturing process for making plastic components. The plastic material is melted, pressed into a mold, then cooled to become the finished product. Injection molding has the potential for air problems or trapped air affecting the quality of the final product. Test data is obtained from software analysis. The bucket cast test results showed defects in the form of holes or unwanted mold marks due to air trapped in the injection molding process. Injection pressure affects air traps defects. At a pressure of 170 Mpa, 180 Mpa, 190 Mpa at a temperature of 200 °C, there is no significant change in the pressure difference and there are still bubble defects in the product, but it is still within the allowable tolerance limits. Optimizing injection pressure is important to reduce bubble defects in the injection molding process. To overcome the air problem in the injection molding process, several ways that can be done include choosing the right plastic raw materials, optimizing injection pressure, adjusting injection speed, and paying attention to good product design or mold design.

Experimental and numerical investigation on the Ignition performance of the cavity flame holder in the integrated afterburner

Integrating components, as a new afterburner concept, is currently an important trend in afterburner development research. Spurred by this trend, this study proposes an inner cone cavity flame holder for an integrated afterburner. The experimental and numerical investigation evaluates the ignition performance under various pneumatic parameters, illustrating that stable flame is successfully achieved in the cavity of the integrated afterburner for a wide range of flow conditions. This is important, as an appropriate cone expansion angle benefits the ignition and flame stability. By comparing the experimental results, the optimum case is obtained, which reduces the ignition FAR. Furthermore, double fuel line can effectively broaden the ignition boundary. The successful completion of our ignition experiment demonstrates that the cavity flame holder of the integrated afterburner has a good structural design and ignition performance.

Analisis Peran Animasi Menggunakan Aplikasi Macromedia Flash dalam Media Pembelajaran TIK di Kelas 11 SMA 1 Sungai Pua

In the midst of the rapid development of information and communication technology, education requires innovative transformations in learning methods. Animation has been recognized as an effective tool in enriching students' learning experiences through clear and interactive visual representations. The aim of this research is to analyze literature related to the use of animation as a learning medium, explore the advantages and challenges of its use, and convey the contribution of this research in the development of innovative learning practices. The method used in this research is a literature study, where data is obtained through analysis of theoretical sources and related research. The results of the literature study analysis show that animation has great potential to increase student learning motivation, involvement, creativity and personalized learning. However, it is important for educators and researchers to pay attention to good animation design and the role of educators in facilitating the effective use of animation. This research contributes to the development of innovative learning practices and enriches understanding of the use of animation as an effective learning medium in increasing student learning motivation

DeGenPrime provides robust primer design and optimization unlocking the biosphere.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the world's most important molecular diagnostic with applications ranging from medicine to ecology. PCR can fail because of poor primer design. The nearest-neighbor thermodynamic properties, picking conserved regions, and filtration via penalty of oligonucleotides form the basis for good primer design. DeGenPrime is a console-based high-quality PCR primer design tool that can utilize MSA formats and degenerate bases expanding the target range for a single primer set. Our software utilizes thermodynamic properties, filtration metrics, penalty scoring, and conserved region finding of any proposed primer. It has degeneracy, repeated k-mers, relative GC content, and temperature range filters. Minimal penalty scoring is included according to secondary structure self-dimerization metrics, GC clamping, tri- and tetra-loop hairpins, and internal repetition. We compared PrimerDesign-M, DegePrime, ConsensusPrimer, and DeGenPrime on acceptable primer yield. PrimerDesign-M, DegePrime, and ConsensusPrimer provided 0%, 11%, and 17% yield, respectively, for the alternative iron nitrogenase (anfD) gene target. DeGenPrime successfully identified quality primers within the conserved regions of the T4-like phage major capsid protein (g23), conserved regions of molybdenum-based nitrogenase (nif), and its alternatives vanadium (vnf) and iron (anf) nitrogenase. DeGenPrime provides a universal and scalable primer design tool for the entire tree of life. DeGenPrime is written in C++ and distributed under a BSD-3-Clause license. The source code for DeGenPrime is freely available on www.github.com/raw-lab/degenprime.

Advancing policy design through creative engagement with lived experience: the Tomorrow Party

We consider how lived experience might actively inform policy design. Good policy design calls for analysis of problems, how they might be addressed, and likely outcomes. Policy scholars and practitioners have devised methods that bring rigor to policy design through problem framing, assessment of potential interventions, and prediction of outcomes of those interventions. This pursuit of analytical and predictive rigor has often given short shrift to the insights of people whose lives are affected by current challenges and who will be impacted by policy change. Our theory of change is that creative engagement with citizens can generate insights of high value to the process of policy design. We introduce the Tomorrow Party – a design method for generating novel stakeholder insights regarding desirable future states. We then discuss initial findings from a series of pilots. Those findings suggest the Tomorrow Party is a broadly applicable creative tool for advancing policy design.

Locating Exhibition Design as a Means of Marketing Architectural Modernism in Inter-War Britain

Throughout the interwar period many dialects of modernist visual languages were developed and often mediated by the technologies of photography, film, and design. This negotiation of modernity was a key feature characterizing the exhibition designs of architect Oliver Hill (1887-1968). Taking Hill’s designs for the “Exhibition of British Industrial Art in Relation to the Home” at Dorland Hall in 1933 as a starting point, this paper investigates Hill’s commitment to consumer education. Exhibition designs, such as at Dorland Hall, proved a perfect vehicle for Hill’s educational imperatives in elevating consumers’ understanding of “good design.” Through a close reading this paper highlights how Hill embraced fashionability, both in terms of market consumerism and in terms of the power that fashion had on improving taste and standards in design during that time.

Company performance model of wholesale carrier service companies in Indonesia: Company capability, co-creation strategy, and external business environment

The goal of the study was to assess how Indonesian ICT companies that provide wholesale carrier services can manage the external business environment and improve their performance with the help of their co-creation strategy and corporate skills. Using partial quadratic structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the research hypothesis, the study concentrated on 45 Indonesian ICT companies offering wholesale carrier services. The outcomes demonstrated how the company's co-creation strategy and capabilities increased its effectiveness and greatly improved its capacity to negotiate the external business climate. According to these results, enhancing organizational capacities and putting co-creation techniques into practice should be Indonesian ICT enterprises' top priorities if they want to improve performance and successfully navigate the external business environment. Involving consumers, users, or other stakeholders in the design and development of digital goods or services is known as the co-creation strategy. It can happen in a lot of different ways, such hackathons, online platforms, workshops, or prototype sessions.

A low power circuit design of BLE baseband transmission data processing module

With the quickly development of the Internet of Things technology, Bluetooth (BLE) protocol has been increasingly adopted in consumer communication applications, industry communication utilization, and even positioning requirement, due to its advantages such as low power consumption, low cost, and low complexity. Especially the outstanding low power capability compared with other short-range communication protocol, many power limited AIoT (Artificial Intelligence IoT) devices select BLE as basic component. So, the low power, high performance, and small area BLE module become the key point of successful of whole AIoT system. In BLE system, the baseband data processing is the foundation. A good hardware circuit design of BLE baseband can improve BLE module performance and decrease power simultaneously. This paper analyzes the baseband data processing function of BLE in detail, and designs the baseband transmission data processing RTL circuit IP using Verilog HDL Hardware description language based on BLE protocol. The IP includes CRC verification module, whitening module and coding mapping function module. The RTL design is simulated and evaluated in workstation server with Synopsys VCS tool. The simulation results show that this design can achieve the Low-power BLE Bluetooth baseband function.

Research on Scientific Calculation Methods and Ecological Effects of Plant Configurations in Sango Landscape Designs

Abstract The basic composition of plant communities is an important part of the landscape, and good plant community design can effectively enhance the ecological benefits of the landscape. The article selects four sites in Xining City and Gerga Village of Guide County, Qinghai Province, as research objects and designs the relevant image factors of plant landscape design based on the whole life cycle of plant landscape and carbon sequestration benefits. The evaluation and analysis of plant configuration in the study area were carried out using the beauty degree evaluation method and semantic difference method, and the measurement was carried out for the ecological benefits of plant configuration. The mean value of SBE of plant configuration in the study area was around 0.05 points, and the mean values of SD scores of 12 plant landscape image factors were distributed between [0.507,1.293] points. The maximum carbon sequestration benefit of Qinghai spruce could reach 178.35kg·a−1, which was 72.82% higher than the extreme value of scrub with the lowest carbon sequestration benefit. The mean value of carbon sequestration per unit leaf area of different types of sequestering plants was 14.09g·m−2·d−1, and the mean value of oxygen release was 7.99g·m−2·d−1, respectively, and the value of ecological benefit of purifying the atmosphere produced by landscape plants in 2033 was 2.21 times higher than that in 2023 The value of ecological benefit produced by landscape plants to purify the atmosphere in 2033 was 2.21 times of that in 2023. In the landscape design of Sanxiang in Qinghai Province, it is necessary to pay attention to the spatial location design of plant configuration, and it is also necessary to fully combine trees and shrubs in order to achieve optimal ecological benefits.

Analisis Penerapan Model Hannafin and Peck sebagai Pendekatan Desain Pembelajaran yang Interaktif dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMK

A good learning design can make a learning process successful, with the learning design the teaching and learning process in the classroom becomes clear and directed. But in fact, there are still students who are less able to play an active role in the learning process as well as students who lack motivation to learn so that they often skip class. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the application of the Hannafin and Peck model in overcoming these problems. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive model. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. The result is the use of the Hannafin and Peck model in PAI learning can be effective in involving students, making students active and student learning outcomes can be above KKM. In conclusion, the Hannafin and peck learning model has a positive impact on students at SMKN Sukasari.

Quantitative structure-activity relationships for the reaction kinetics of trace organic contaminants with one-electron oxidants.

Understanding the reactivity between trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) and radicals involved in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is necessary for a good process design, but the experimentally determined rate constants (k values) are not sufficient for numerous artificial TrOCs. Thus, the development of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for predicting k values may be an effective way to address this limitation. In this work, we developed QSARs for the reactions of TrOCs with AOP-related one-electron oxidants. Specifically, 15 QSARs using Hammett constants and 8 cross-correlations were developed based on the k values of over 400 reactions between TrOCs (most contain electron-rich moieties, such as phenol, aniline, and alkoxy benzene) and 5 one-electron oxidants (SO4˙-, Br˙, Br2˙-, Cl2˙-, and CO3˙-). Overall, the developed QSARs show a good predictive performance with 94% (237/251, for Hammett constant-based QSARs) and 80% (218/274, for cross-correlations) of the k values predicted within a factor of 3. All the Hammett constant-based QSARs show negative slope values and all cross-correlations show positive relationships, suggesting all 5 one-electron oxidants mainly share similar electrophilic mechanisms with the TrOCs highlighted in this work. Previous QSAR studies on the k values of one-electron oxidants were compared and integrated into their model analysis. Furthermore, k values predicted herein from the QSARs were used to evaluate the degradation of TrOCs during UV/persulfate and UV/chlorine treatment in multiple wastewater matrices, which were demonstrated to be useful. Finally, remarks on the use of the developed QSARs were presented.

Recent insights on the use of modified Zn-based catalysts in eCO2RR.

Converting CO2 into valuable chemicals can provide a new path to mitigate the greenhouse effect, achieving the aim of "carbon neutrality" and "carbon peaking". Among numerous electrocatalysts, Zn-based materials are widely distributed and cheap, making them one of the most promising electrocatalyst materials to replace noble metal catalysts. Moreover, the Zn metal itself has a certain selectivity for CO. After appropriate modification, such as oxide derivatization, structural reorganization, reconstruction of the surfaces, heteroatom doping, and so on, the Zn-based electrocatalysts can expose more active sites and adjust the d-band center or electronic structure, and the FE and stability of them can be effectively improved, and they can even convert CO2 to multi-carbon products. This review aims to systematically describe the latest progresses of modified Zn-based electrocatalyst materials (including organic and inorganic materials) in the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (eCO2RR). The applications of modified Zn-based catalysts in improving product selectivity, increasing current density and reducing the overpotential of the eCO2RR are reviewed. Moreover, this review describes the reasonable selection and good structural design of Zn-based catalysts, presents the characteristics of various modified zinc-based catalysts, and reveals the related catalytic mechanisms for the first time. Finally, the current status and development prospects of modified Zn-based catalysts in eCO2RR are summarized and discussed.

Emerging polymeric materials for treatment of oral diseases: design strategy towards a unique oral environment.

Oral diseases are prevalent but challenging diseases owing to the highly movable and wet, microbial and inflammatory environment. Polymeric materials are regarded as one of the most promising biomaterials due to their good compatibility, facile preparation, and flexible design to obtain multifunctionality. Therefore, a variety of strategies have been employed to develop materials with improved therapeutic efficacy by overcoming physicobiological barriers in oral diseases. In this review, we summarize the design strategies of polymeric biomaterials for the treatment of oral diseases. First, we present the unique oral environment including highly movable and wet, microbial and inflammatory environment, which hinders the effective treatment of oral diseases. Second, a series of strategies for designing polymeric materials towards such a unique oral environment are highlighted. For example, multifunctional polymeric materials are armed with wet-adhesive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory functions through advanced chemistry and nanotechnology to effectively treat oral diseases. These are achieved by designing wet-adhesive polymers modified with hydroxy, amine, quinone, and aldehyde groups to provide strong wet-adhesion through hydrogen and covalent bonding, and electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, by developing antimicrobial polymers including cationic polymers, antimicrobial peptides, and antibiotic-conjugated polymers, and by synthesizing anti-inflammatory polymers with phenolic hydroxy and cysteine groups that function as immunomodulators and electron donors to reactive oxygen species to reduce inflammation. Third, various delivery systems with strong wet-adhesion and enhanced mucosa and biofilm penetration capabilities, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, patches, and microneedles, are constructed for delivery of antibiotics, immunomodulators, and antioxidants to achieve therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we provide insights into challenges and future development of polymeric materials for oral diseases with promise for clinical translation.

ETF dead-time compensation based multiloop control approach for multivariable processes

Due to significant interaction dynamics and time delays in multivariable processes, designing a well-tuned PI controller is always challenging. When tuning multi-loop PI controllers, effective open-loop transfer function should be used instead of the diagonal transfer function element. The complexity of the effective open-loop transfer function (EOTF) increase rapidly for high-dimensional multivariable processes. Therefore, in this manuscript, it is proposed to use equivalent transfer functions (ETFs) under perfect control approximation. Subsequently, a dead-time compensation (DTC) scheme is used for ETFs and PI controllers are tuned. DTC can facilitate eliminating the impact due to time delay from the multivariable process, making the task of tuning PI controllers relatively less complex. The proposed multi-loop control topology minimizes the controller effort, and a good controller design for a multivariable process can be achieved. The PI controller parameters for dead-time compensated ETFs are calculated using simple IMC PI tuning rules, where the filter factor is taken based on the paired element relative gain value. To examine the effectiveness of the proposed controller tuning approach, the proposed control strategy was applied to a wide range of multivariable processes. Compared to state-of-the-art control strategies, the proposed control strategy provides superior closed-loop performance indices, even when there is a significant plant-model mismatch.

DEVELOPMENT OF HEAT EXCHANGER WITH TWO-PASS DIVERGING MICROCHANNELS FOR EVAPORATION COOLING SYSTEMS

This study developed a two-pass diverging microchannel heat exchanger to avoid flow reversal and partial dry out of HFC-245fa flow boiling in the evaporation cooling systems. It is aimed to improve the diverging microchannel heat exchangers designed by previous studies and to effectively accommodate diverging channels on a limited heating base surface. The test results showed that the maximum heat transfer coefficients in a diverging channel heat exchanger were as much as 20% higher than those in straight channel heat exchanger, while the maximum partial dry-out heat flux is 42% higher in diverging channel heat exchanger. There is no significant difference for the pressure drops in two heat exchangers at low heat fluxes before it reached the partial dry-out condition. For higher flux, the pressure drops in straight channels were higher than those in divergent channels while partial dry out. It is concluded that the two-pass diverging channel design provided higher maximum heat transfer coefficients and higher maximum heat fluxes with lower penalties of pressure drops. It could be a good design to replace the conventional straight channel heat exchanger for evaporation cooling systems.

Sustainable material for knee replacement using topsis method

Sustainable materials are required for providing good design to products and proper application. It is economical, environmentally friendly and is widely accepted in society. The demand for knee replacement can be fulfilled with fulfilling aesthetic design and bio-compatibility of knee replacement. As the knee is the most important part of the body and the mobility of a person depends on its proper surgery and sustainable knee implants, in this paper an effort is made to design the knee implants using solid work design and the best implant material is selected Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The selection criteria of sustainable implant materials are dependent on properties like mechanical property, bio-compatibility ness and cost of the material , which helps in selection of best material, where as solid work helps in designing, optimizing and simulating sustainable knee implant design before manufacturing. For analyzing the material selection process, durability, performance and patients ' requirements are taken care of. Case studies and examples demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in advancing orthopedic implant design and material selection, ultimately contributing to the improvement of patient care in the field of orthopedic surgery.

Сreative industry 4.0: trends and transformations in the era of digitalization

In the contemporary world, creativity has emerged as a pivotal factor in the development of international economic relations. This article explores the development of the global creative industry 4.0, shaped by the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). The study aims to examine the trends influencing the creative industries, molded by the intensification of digitization, fostering fundamental changes and transforming them into the creative industry 4.0. The research employs a combination of general scientific and specialized methods, including a systemic approach to justify the main trends in the transformation of creative industries, analysis and synthesis to identify the impact of digital technologies on their evolution, and expert assessment methods to develop approaches for enhancing the development of creative industries 4.0. Results indicate that the digitization of the creative economy has expanded its scale and societal impact. Creative industries are becoming digital not only in terms of services but also in the realm of products. Artificial intelligence, virtual reality, big data, and other digital technologies facilitate the production, scaling, and consumption of creative services and products. The application of digital technologies enhances production efficiency, unlocks unlimited creative potential, improves design, personalization, interactivity, and consumer properties of creative goods and services. The trend of merging entertainment with e-commerce is expected to intensify. The development of the creative economy is crucial for achieving sustainable development goals, stimulating small business growth, and creating new employment opportunities, especially for women, youth, and other vulnerable population groups. The article identifies how Industry 4.0 technologies transform creative industries and proposes ways to leverage these new technological trends for the economic recovery of Ukraine.