Good Degradation Rate Research Articles

Influence of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose modifications towards the design of cross-linked double networks hydrogel for diabetic wound healing

The wound dressings' lack of antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and delayed wound healing limit their use in wound treatment and management. Recent advances in dressing materials are aimed at improving the limitations discussed above. Therefore, the aim of this study includes the preparation and characterization of oxidized hydroxyethyl cellulose (OHEC) and ferulic acid-grafted chitosan (CS-FA) hydrogel loaded with green synthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) (OHEC-CS-FA-Se NPs named as nanohydrogel) for diabetic wound healing. The structure and properties of the hydrogel was characterized by FTIR, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, EDAX, UV–Vis spectrophotometry, XRD, DLS, zeta potential and rheological studies. The findings of these experiments demonstrate that nanohydrogel possesses a variety of outstanding qualities, including an optimal gel time, good swelling characteristics, a fair water retention rate, a good degradation rate, and strong mechanical stability. Nanohydrogel has been shown to have a synergistic impact by significantly increasing antioxidant activity by scavenging ABTS and DPPH radicals. The nanohydrogel's strong biocompatibility was confirmed by cytocompatibility testing using L929 mouse fibroblast cells. In addition, the wound healing potential of nanohydrogel was tested on L929 cells by an in vitro scratch assay and the nanohydrogel showed a wound closure rate of 100 % after 12 h. In addition to this study, nanohydrogel has demonstrated significant antimicrobial properties against human and wound infection causing pathogens such as Bacillus subtilis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the animal model, almost complete diabetic wound healing was achieved on day 14 after application of the nanohydrogel. The results obtained indicate that the multifunctional bioactive nature of OHEC-CS-FA-Se NPs showed exceptional antioxidant and antibacterial potential for the treatment of infected and chronic wounds.

Photocatalytic performance of Nd/TiO2 and Nb/TiO2 nanomaterials in the degradation of p‐cresol at room temperature

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe degradation of organic pollutants, such as, p‐cresol, is a challenge for natural mechanisms, so the use of semiconductors as photocatalysts are useful to restore water quality. In this work, the effects of Nd and Nb doping on the structural and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 under UV irradiation were investigated.RESULTSXRD results displayed the formation of anatase, TiO2(B) and rutile phases on the Nd/TiO2 and Nb/TiO2 compounds. The Rietveld analysis estimated the composition of phases, as well as the crystal size for each crystalline phase in the samples (< 43 nm). The crystal sizes and morphology of the powders were observed in the TEM and SEM micrographs. EDS and XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Nd and Nb dopants in the TiO2‐based photocatalysts. The nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms results revealed pore sizes between 5‐ 11 nm, as well as surface area values up to ~ 81 m2/g. The diverse compounds showed excellent removal efficiency of p‐cresol under UV‐light (between 10 to 30% faster than commercial TiO2‐P25)CONCLUSIONSThe synthesis method favored the incorporation of the Nd and Nb dopants in the TiO2 structure. Nd/TiO2 specimens showed higher photocatalytic response than Nb/TiO2 samples, possibly, to the synergic effects between phases (anatase and TiO2(B)), higher surface area values (up to ~80.47 m2/g), as well as the nature of dopant. The photocatalysts with better photocatalytic performance demonstrated good degradation rate after 20h.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Fabrication of bioactive glass/phosphorylated chitosan composite scaffold and its effects on MC3T3-E1 cells

This study aimed to synthesize bioactive glass (BG) and phosphorylated chitosan (PCS), and fabricate a BG/PCS composite scaffold. The physical properties (mechanical strength, swelling degree, and degradation rate) of the BG/PCS scaffold were tested. The in vitro mineralization properties of composite scaffolds in simulated body fluid were investigated. MC3T3-E1 cell responses with the BG/PCS scaffold were investigated using live/dead cell staining, actin staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and Alizarin red staining. Our results showed that the scaffold had an inner porous structure, good swelling properties, and good degradation rate. After immersion in SBF, the scaffolds demonstrated high properties in inducing mineralization. Leaching solutions of the composite scaffolds exhibited good cytocompatibility. MC3T3-E1 cells adhered, spread, and proliferated on the scaffold. The BG/PCS composite scaffold showed osteo-inductive activity by increasing ALP activity and calcium deposition. Our results indicated that the BG/PCS scaffold had potential applications as a bone-defect repair biomaterial.

Electromagnetic field-mediated chitosan/gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite and bone-derived scaffolds regulate the osteoblastic and chondrogenic phenotypes of adipose-derived stem cells to construct osteochondral tissue engineering niche in vitro

It is critical to explore the effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) on the construction of functional osteochondral tissue, which has shown certain clinical significance for the treatment of osteochondral injury. At present, there are few studies on the effect of the direction of EMF on cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EMF coupling on different parameters to control adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) proliferation and specific chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation at 2D level and 3D level. The proliferation and differentiation of EMF-induced ADSCs are jointly regulated by EMF and space structure. In this study, Cs7/Gel3/nHAP scaffolds were prepared with good degradation rate (86.75 ± 4.96 %) and absorb water (1100 %), and the pore size was 195.63 ± 54.72 μm. The bone-derived scaffold with a pore size of 267.17 ± 129.18 μm was obtained and its main component was hydroxyapatite. Cs7/Gel3/nHAP scaffolds and bone-derived scaffolds are suitable as 3D level materials. The optimal EMF intensity was 2 mT for chondrogenic differentiation and proliferation and 1 mT for osteogenic differentiation and proliferation. It is noteworthy that EMF has a negative correlation with ADSCs proliferation in the vertical direction at 2D level, while it has a positive correlation with ADSCs proliferation at 3D level. EMF mediated 3D osteochondral scaffold provide good strategy for osteochondral tissue engineering construction.

Enhanced activation of PMS by a novel MnFe2O4@N-PC-GM composite for rapid 1-naphthol degradation: Formation and mechanism of singlet oxygen

A novel magnetic catalyst, MnFe2O4 functionalized N-doped porous carbon/geopolymer (MnFe2O4 @N-PC-GM) composite, was synthesized using pine cones and geopolymer as precursors for efficient and sustainable removal of 1-naphthol. Experimental results indicated that MnFe2O4 particles were distributed in in the structure of N-PC-GM carrier, greatly increasing the number of active sites. The removal ratio of 1-naphthol was up to 86.06% in MnFe2O4 @N-PC-GM/PMS system, and the degradation process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.996). Quenching experiments and EPR analysis validated that 1-naphthol was degraded in MnFe2O4 @N-PC-GM/PMS system mainly through a non-radical oxidation pathway dominated by 1O2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and degradation experiments in different gas atmosphere demonstrated that the sources of 1O2 were closely related to the existence of oxygen vacancies (OVs), the conversion of dissolved oxygen as well as the introduction of active sites (N, Mn and Fe). Furthermore, the good degradation rate of 1-naphthol in real water confirmed the feasibility of MnFe2O4 @N-PC-GM/PMS system in practical application. This work provided a new strategy for the treatment of persistent organic pollutants in water.

Bi2S3/NH2-MIL-53(Fe) composite photocatalysts for enhanced catalytic degradation of contaminants driven by UV light

The Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst Bi2S3/NH2-MIL-53 (Fe) was successfully constructed by in situ growth. The larger specific surface area and porosity of the composite provided more active sites for the photocatalytic reaction, which remarkably improved the photo-Fenton performance. The charge transfer mechanism effectively inhibits the recombination of electrons and holes, thereby significantly reducing the occurrence of photocorrosion. The degradation rates for CIP, TC-H, and SMX were 91 %, 87 %, and 86 % respectively. Additionally, the degradation rates for dyes all exceeded 98 % within 60 min, demonstrating their universal effectiveness in degrading pollutants. In addition, the materials showed good resistance to interference by natural organic matter. The good degradation rate remained after several cycles, indicating the high stability of the composite material. In conclusion, this study proposed a new method to design and fabricate composite photocatalysts using metal-organic skeletons, which provides a new way and feasible solution for the development of highly efficient photocatalytic materials and their application in the field of environmental purification.

Comparison between NiO and MnO2 nanoparticles deposited on graphene-coated nickel foam for water purification applications

Nanoparticles of NiO, and MnO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized on graphene-coated Nickel foam (NFG) substrates for the synthesis of dual-functional specimens for antibacterial and photocatalytic applications. The morphological, structural, and optical properties were investigated thanks to the techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. It was observed from XRD analysis that α-MnO2 and NiO nanoparticles were deposited with high purity as a thin film on NFG substrates. The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized materials was tested on a Methylene blue (MB) solution as a target dye pollutant and the obtained results indicate a good degradation rate under visible light irradiation. Antibacterial activity was tested on Staph aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the yeast Candida albicans. The obtained results show that MnO2/NFG and NiO/NFG specimens constitute good candidates for the treatment of wastewater.

Role of Polymers in Microfluidic Devices.

Polymers are sustainable and renewable materials that are in high demand due to their excellent properties. Natural and synthetic polymers with high flexibility, good biocompatibility, good degradation rate, and stiffness are widely used for various applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and microfluidic chip fabrication. Indeed, recent advances in microfluidic technology allow the fabrication of polymeric matrix to construct microfluidic scaffolds for tissue engineering and to set up a well-controlled microenvironment for manipulating fluids and particles. In this review, polymers as materials for the fabrication of microfluidic chips have been highlighted. Successful models exploiting polymers in microfluidic devices to generate uniform particles as drug vehicles or artificial cells have been also discussed. Additionally, using polymers as bioink for 3D printing or as a matrix to functionalize the sensing surface in microfluidic devices has also been mentioned. The rapid progress made in the combination of polymers and microfluidics presents a low-cost, reproducible, and scalable approach for a promising future in the manufacturing of biomimetic scaffolds for tissue engineering.

Extraction kinetic model of polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula and the application of polysaccharide in wound healing

The crude polysaccharide (CPNP) of Codonopsis pilosula was obtained by hot-water extraction technology. The extraction kinetic model established according to Fick’s first law of diffusion and related parameters of polysaccharide was studied. CPNP microcapsules were prepared by blending with sodium alginate, Ca2+ ions and crude CPNP. The quality control (drug loading rate, embedding rate and release rate, etc) of CPNP microcapsules were analyzed by pharmacopeas standards. The structure feature of CPNP microcapsules also were determined with various methods. The wound healing ability of CPNP microcapsules loading with different concentration of CPNP was evaluated using the rat wound model. The activity of various enzymes and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the model skin tissue also were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), Masson, immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the external application effect of CPNP microcapsules on skin wound repair. The extraction kinetics of CPNP was established with the linear correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.83–0.93, implied that the extraction process was fitted well with the Fick’s first law of diffusion. The CPNP has good compatibility with sodium alginate and Ca2+ ions by SEM and TEM observation, and the particle size of CPNP microcapsules was 21.25 ± 2.84 μm with the good degradation rate, loading rate (61.59%) and encapsulation rate (55.99%), maximum swelling rate (397.380 ± 25.321%). Compared with control group, the redness, and swelling, bleeding, infection, and exudate of the damaged skin decreased significantly after CPNP microcapsules treatment, and the CPNP microcapsules groups exhibited good wound healing function with less inflammatory cell infiltration. The pathological structure showed that in the CPNP microcapsules group, more newborn capillaries, complete skin structure, and relatively tight and orderly arrangement of collagen fibers were observed in the skin of rats. CPNP microcapsules could effectively inhibit the high expression of pro-inflammatory factors in damaged skin, and significantly increase the contents of related enzymes (GSH-Px, T-AOC, LPO) and collagen fibers. The relative expression levels of genes (VEGF and miRNA21) in the CPNP microcapsules group were higher than those in the model group and the negative group. The above results suggested that the CPNP microcapsules could controlled-release the CPNP to the wound surface, and then played a better role in antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and skin wound repair.

In vitro analysis of SiO2 - MgO -P2O5 - CaO bioactive material for bone regeneration applications

In vivo bonding with the surrounding tissue is the most efficient property possessed by the biomaterials by accumulating Hydroxyapatite (HA) on their surface. The present study elucidates the synthesis of biomaterials by quick alkali mediated sol–gel process. Further, X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy (to check formation of HA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Degradation w.r.t pH and cell viability by MTT assay using MG-63cell line techniques have been employed. Results show that synthesized sample possess the growth of HA within the 24 hr when dipped in body like fluid. Optimum degradation rate is an important aspect for the biomaterials and sample has shown good degradation rate w.r.t. formation of HA. In vitro biological assay performed shows the non-toxic behavior of sample with the viability of cells in the culture media hinting proliferation of cells. Therefore, sample can be nominated as possible candidate for orthopedic applications.

Effect of Cu addition on the microstructure, mechanical properties and degradation rate of Mg-2Gd alloy

The demand for magnesium (Mg) alloy with high elongation, certain strength and good degradation rate used in oil and gas exploitation filed is increasing. Based on Mg-2Gd alloy, effect of copper (Cu) addition (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 wt.%) on microstructure, mechanical properties and degradation rate were investigated. It showed that more Mg 2 Cu second phases were precipitated and the grain size was refined with increasing Cu content, accompanied with texture changing from < 11 2 ¯ 1 > //ED to < 01 1 ¯ 0 > //ED. As a result, hardness, tensile strength, compressive strength and degradation rate were enhanced while the strain hardening rate and elongation decreased. Nevertheless, the elongation was still up to at least 20%. Overall, the comprehensive mechanical properties and degradation rate of Mg-2Gd alloy can be effectively coordinated by Cu addition.

Photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid by optimized Bi2WO6/NH2-MIL-88B(Fe) composite under visible light.

Imidacloprid as a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide can cause harmful pesticide residue inevitably. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were innovatively composited to improve the light absorption and degradation performance of Bi2WO6 semiconductor, which expanded the photodegradation application in solving environmental problems. Based on the synergistic effect of Bi2WO6 and NH2-MIL-88B(Fe), a Bi2WO6/NH2-MIL-88B(Fe) (BNM) heterojunction photocatalyst with high-performance of photocatalytic degradation activities was successfully synthesized. The optimized BNM catalyst had a good degradation rate under visible light, which was mainly caused by generation of the active ·OH. Transient photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance tests verified that 1:2 BNM exhibits a highest charge separation and a lowest carrier recombination rate which were favorable to the photocatalytic activity. Cycle experiments show that the composite photocatalyst had good reusability and stability which were very important for potential industry applications.

Bio-mimetic synthesis of catalytically active nano-silver using Bos taurus (A-2) urine

Herein we have synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using liquid metabolic waste of Bos taurus (A-2 type) urine. Various bio-molecules present in cow urine, are effectively used to reduce silver (Ag) ions into silver nanoparticles in one step. This is bio-inspired electron transfer to Ag ion for the formation of base Ag metal and is fairly prompt and facile. These nanoparticles act as a positive catalyst for various organic transformation reactions. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the as-synthesized Ag NPs are widely characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transmission infra-red spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The as-synthesized bio-mimetic Ag NPs show potential activity for several reduction reactions of nitro groups. The Ag NPs were also used for degradation of hazardous dyes such as Methylene blue and Crystal violet with good degradation rate constant.

Photocatalytic activity and photoelectrochemical properties of Ag/ZnO core/shell nanorods under low-intensity white light irradiation

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod thin films were prepared by CBD onto glass and FTO/glass substrates. Silver (Ag) nanoparticles were synthesized on the surface of the prepared ZnO nanorod thin films using electrochemical methods. The scanning electron microscopy images of the Ag/ZnO/glass core/shell nanostructure confirmed that the average particles size is 20 nm while it was 41 nm for Ag NPs that synthesized onto ZnO/FTO NRs. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared Ag/ZnO core/shell nanostructure was studied by analyzing the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light. Various pH values (6 and 10) and exposure time (30–240) min were controlled to investigate the photocatalytic activity of as-prepared Ag/ZnO core/shell nanostructure and that annealed at 200 °C and 300 °C for 1 h. It was observed that when the pH was 6, the degradation rate increased with the annealing temperature and irradiation time reaching 51% at the annealing temperature of 300 °C and exposure time of 240 min. In other hands, when the pH was 10, and the sample was annealed at 200 °C, it showed a good degradation rate of 100% at the irradiation time of 90 min. By contrast, the sample annealed at 300 °C required 180 min to degrade the MB dye completely. The photoelectrochemical cell measurement based on photocurrent density revealed a slight response to light. Cycle voltammetry (CV) measurement was conducted, and the CV curves of the Ag/ZnO core/shell electrodes indicated nonfaradaic and pseudocapacitance behavior. The electrodes showed nearly rectangular CV curves, which indicated the dominance of the nonfaradaic capacitance behavior. The specific capacitance of the electrodes remained at approximately 99%. Mott–Schottky analysis revealed that the semiconductor was an n-type with dependence on flat band potential V FB deviation in the negative direction.

Synthesis of a Carbon-Loaded Bi₂O₂CO₃/TiO₂ Photocatalyst with Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Dye.

A microflower-like C/Bi₂O₂CO₃/TiO₂ nanocomposite was prepared via a two-step method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the sample to have a layered petal-like microstructure consisting of many nanosheets with an average diameter of 2-5 μm, along with activated carbon (AC) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and TiO₂ nanoparticles deposited on the surface. Compared with pure Bi₂O₂CO₃, Bi₂O₂CO₃/TiO₂ photocatalyst loaded with microflower-like carbon has a good degradation rate of methyl orange (MO) under visible light (0.019 min-1). The highest photodegradation efficiency of MO by AC or CNT-loaded Bi₂O₂CO₃/TiO₂ microflowers reached a maximum of 95% degradation after 180 minutes of reaction. The results show that the photocatalytic reaction of the hole and the hydroxyl free radical groups were important for the process of the photocatalytic degradation, and the effect of the hole was slightly greater than that of the hydroxyl free radical. After comparing the different photocatalysts, it showed that C and TiO₂ could improve the photocatalytic activity of Bi₂O₂CO₃-based photocatalysts.

Purification and characterization of thermostable α-amylase produced from Bacillus licheniformis So-B3 and its potential in hydrolyzing raw starch

AimsThis work was achieved to obtain the optimum culture conditions of the thermostable alpha-amylase produced by thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis SO-B3. Furthermore, the α-amylase was purified and then characterized, and also its kinetic parameters were determined. Materials and methodsA new thermotolerant bacteria called Bacillus licheniformis SO-B3 employed in this work was isolated from a sample of thermal spring mud in Şırnak (Meyremderesi). Several parameters such as the impact of temperature, time, and pH on enzyme production were examined. Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) was employed to analyze the end-products of soluble starch hydrolysis, and the utilization of purified α-amylase in the clarification of unripe apple juices was studied. Key findingsThe highest enzyme production conditions were determined as 35 °C, 36th hour, and pH 7.0. Thermostable α-amylase was purified by 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and dialysis, with a 51-purification fold and 30% yield recovery. The Km and Vmax values for this enzyme were 0.004 mM and 3.07 μmol min−1 at 70 °C, respectively. The α-amylase's molecular weight was found as 74 kDa. In addition, α-amylase showed a good degradation rate for raw starch. SignificanceIt was hypothesized that Bacillus licheniformis SO-B3 could be used as an α-amylase source. These findings displayed that purified enzyme could be utilized in fruit juice industries for clarification of apple juice and raw starch hydrolyzing.

Preparation of a CaFe2O4/ZnCo2O4 composite material and its photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

Abstract In this paper, a two-step method was used to successfully construct a CaFe2O4/ZnCo2O4 composite photocatalyst. XRD, TEM, XPS, PL, EIS, etc., were used to characterize the morphological structure, element state, photoelectric response and other characteristics of the material. Tetracycline (TC) was used as the target pollutant to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the composite photocatalyst. The results showed that in the best reaction system (ZC-30), the TC degradation rate reached 88% within 100 min of light exposure, while that in the CaFe2O4 system was only 17%. The TC degradation rate with ZC-30 is 11.26 times and 2.21 times higher than that with CaFe2O4 and ZnCo2O4, respectively. The main reason is that the close contact between CaFe2O4 and ZnCo2O4 can effectively separate and transfer the light-induced carriers, which improves the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst. The SEM and XRD results and the cycling experiments results confirmed that the synthesized photocatalyst showed good stability after 3 cycles. CaFe2O4/ZnCo2O4 can be used for oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline degradation with a good degradation rate. Moreover, the composite photocatalyst was systematically studied in the TC degradation system to analyze the possible TC degradation pathway, the effective active substances and a reasonable catalytic mechanism.

Synthesis of Bi2WO6@NH2-MIL-125(Ti): A S-Scheme Photocatalyst with Enhanced Visible Light Catalytic Activity

In this work, a novel S-scheme Bi2WO6@NH2-MIL-125(Ti) heterojunction composite was synthesized for the first time by a secondary hydrothermal method. XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS and DRS were used to characterize the Bi2WO6@NH2-MIL-125 (Ti) composite. The results show that NH2-MIL-125(Ti) is embedded between Bi2WO6 nanosheets, the composite materials have narrower bandgap and enhanced absorption of visible light. The recombination tendency of electron–hole pairs were also weakened by the S-scheme heterojunction between the two monomers. The best content of NH2-MIL-125(Ti) was 13 wt%, the degradation rate of RhB reached 98% in 50 min, which was 5 times and 18 times that of the Bi2WO6 and NH2-MIL-125 (Ti) respectively. After several cycles under visible light, the composite materials still have good degradation rate and excellent stability, indicating that these composite materials have great development potential in the environmental field.

Fabrication and characterization of polycaprolactone fumarate/gelatin-based nanocomposite incorporated with silicon and magnesium co-doped fluorapatite nanoparticles using electrospinning method.

The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize biodegradable polycaprolactone fumarate(PCLF)/gelatin-based nanocomposite incorporated with the 0, 5 and 10 wt% silicon and magnesium co-doped fluorapatite nanoparticles (Si-Mg-FA) membranes using electrospinning process for guided bone regeneration (GBR) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) applications. Results demonstrated the formation of randomly-oriented and defect-free fibers with various fiber sizes depending on the Si-Mg-FA content. Moreover, incorporation of 5 wt% Si-Mg-FA significantly improved the mechanical strength (1.5times) compared to the mechanical strength of PCLF/gelatin membrane and nanocomposite with 10 wt% nanoparticles. There was no clear difference between degradation rate of PCLF/gelatin and PCLF/gelatin with 5 wt% nanoparticles at 7, 14 and 28 days of immersion in phosphate buffer saline while 10 wt% nanoparticles significantly increased biodegradation of PCLF/gelatin, and no cytotoxic effect of membranes was seen. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of fibroblast cells cultured on the samples demonstrated that the cells were completely attached and spread on the surface of nanocomposites. In summary, PCLF/gelatin membranes consisting of 5 wt% Si-Mg-FA nanoparticles could provide appropriate mechanical and biological properties and fairly good degradation rate, making it appropriate for GTR/GBR applications.

Application of synthesized nano-CuS photocatalyst for degradation of Ofloxacin and its by-products

ABSTRACTIn the present work, the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of CuS nanopowder were studied. The achieved photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. The degrading characteristic of CuS photocatalyst was investigated during 100 min and 18 h under visible radiation (Vis irradiation) for degradation of Ofloxacin (OFX), revealing a good degradation rate of OFX. Over 100 min of degradation, some by-products that can be considered as secondary pollutants were produced. Then, to destroy these pollutants the radiation time was increased up to 18 h. The results showed a perfect degradation of OFX and its secondary pollutants. The effective variables including pH, degradation time, and photocatalyst dosage were optimized and studied in multivariate method by design expert7 software. Moreover, the kinetic of the process was evaluated, showing accordance with Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. Recognition of the products was carried out by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer. The synergic effect of CuS adsorbent-photocatalyst exhibited a good adsorption-degradation rate of OFX under Vis irradiation.