Good Cop Research Articles

Good Cop, Bad Cop: Quality of Parental Involvement in Type 1 Diabetes Management in Youth

Sustained parental involvement in diabetes management has been generally advised to counteract the deteriorating adherence and glycemic control often seen during adolescence, yet until recently, little attention has been given to the optimal amount, type, and quality of parental involvement to promote the best health outcomes for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This review synthesizes research regarding the involvement of caregivers-primarily mothers and fathers-of youth with T1D, with a focus on biopsychosocial outcomes. The recent literature on parental involvement in diabetes management highlights a shift in focus from not only amount but also the types (e.g., monitoring, problem-solving) and quality (e.g., warm, critical) of involvement in both mothers and fathers. We provide recommendations for ways that both parents can remain involved to facilitate greater collaboration in shared direct and indirect responsibility for diabetes care and improve outcomes in youth with T1D.

Role expectations in dementia care among family physicians and specialists.

BackgroundThe assessment and ongoing management of dementia falls largely on family physicians. This pilot study explored perceived roles and attitudes towards the provision of dementia care from the perspectives of family physicians and specialists.MethodsSemi-structured, one-to-one interviews were conducted with six family physicians and six specialists (three geriatric psychiatrists, two geriatricians, and one neurologist) from University of Toronto-affiliated hospitals. Transcripts were subjected to thematic content analysis.ResultsPhysicians’ clinical experience averaged 16 years. Both physician groups acknowledged that family physicians are more confident in diagnosing/treating uncomplicated dementia than a decade ago. They agreed on care management issues that warranted specialist involvement. Driving competency was contentious, and specialists willingly played the “bad cop” to resolve disputes and preserve long-standing therapeutic relationships. While patient/caregiver education and support were deemed essential, most physicians commented that community resources were fragmented and difficult to access. Improving collaboration and communication between physician groups, and clarifying the roles of other multi-disciplinary team members in dementia care were also discussed.ConclusionsFuture research could further explore physicians’ and other multi-disciplinary members’ perceived roles and responsibilities in dementia care, given that different health-care system-wide dementia care strategies and initiatives are being developed and implemented across Ontario.

Good cop, bad cop: Complementarities between debt and equity in disciplining management

We demonstrate an inherent conflict between ex ante efficient monitoring and liquidation decisions by outside claimholders. We show it can be useful to commit to inefficient liquidation when monitors fail to produce information: this provides stronger incentives to monitor. The implication for firm capital structure is that more information is generated about firm prospects – and hence firm value increases – when a firm’s cash flow is split into a ‘safe’ claim (debt) and a ‘risky’ claim (equity) compared to when a single claim is sold. We also derive the optimal allocation of control rights between safe and risky claims. This partially resolves the Tirole (2001) puzzle as to why firms issue multiple securities that generate ex post conflicts of interest.

Good cop, bad cop, brand cop: Confessions of a global brand director

This paper is adapted from a presentation given at DAM Europe in June 2013. It describes a corporate user’s perspective on some of the challenges of implementing a digital asset management system. Like others responsible for managing corporate brands, the author’s role has been referred to as that of the ‘brand police’. The brand police, like their uniformed counterparts, play an important role in the community, walking a beat and watching over their neighbourhood. As authority figures they are stewards of the firm’s most valuable asset. But they do more than protect a brand: they enhance its value. The author encourages readers to embrace the role of policeman or policewoman, using digital brand management systems to underpin the authority of their role. He also explains how such systems contribute to the understanding and valuing of brands as strategic assets.

βArrestins in Cardiac G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling and Function: Partners in Crime or “Good Cop, Bad Cop”?

βarrestin (βarr)-1 and -2 (βarrs) (or Arrestin-2 and -3, respectively) are universal G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) adapter proteins expressed abundantly in extra-retinal tissues, including the myocardium. Both were discovered in the lab of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry co-laureate Robert Lefkowitz, initially as terminators of signaling from the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR), a process known as functional desensitization. They are now known to switch GPCR signaling from G protein-dependent to G protein-independent, which, in the case of βARs and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), might be beneficial, e.g., anti-apoptotic, for the heart. However, the specific role(s) of each βarr isoform in cardiac GPCR signaling and function (or dysfunction in disease), remain unknown. The current consensus is that, whereas both βarr isoforms can desensitize and internalize cardiac GPCRs, they play quite different (even opposing in certain instances) roles in the G protein-independent signaling pathways they initiate in the cardiovascular system, including in the myocardium. The present review will discuss the current knowledge in the field of βarrs and their roles in GPCR signaling and function in the heart, focusing on the three most important, for cardiac physiology, GPCR types (β1AR, β2AR & AT1R), and will also highlight important questions that currently remain unanswered.

Good Cop–Bad Cop: Trust, Control, and the Lure of Integration

Based on a longitudinal case study of four interorganizational product development collaborations, this paper identifies a lure to cross‐functional integration that has hereto been neglected. In particular, findings suggest that when the buyer firm separates the Research and Development (R&D) Department from the Procurement Department, the two departments play a good cop–bad cop strategy toward the supplier. Thereby, they are able to foster a high level of goodwill trust between R&D personnel of the collaborating firms, while procurement personnel maintain a high level of formal control. Using an intricate sample design with polar cases, the study shows that cross‐functional integration of the two departments hampers interorganizational goodwill trust at the benefit of formal control. The findings offer a way forward for managers seeking to reap the benefits of collaboration, while limiting their exposure to the associated risks.

'With Untired Spirits and Formal Constancy': Berne-Compatibility of Formal Declaratory Measures to Enhance Title-Searching

Formalities are back in fashion. Their acolytes fall into two camps, reflecting their different objectives. For formalities, which we shall define as conditions on the existence or enforcement of copyright, can divest authors of their rights, or instead enhance authors’ exploitation of their works by alerting their audiences to the authors’ claims. For one camp, formalities’ confiscatory consequences, once perceived as barbaric, are to be celebrated. A second camp enlists formalities to populate not the public domain, but the public record. Notice, registration and recordation, as declaratory measures, inform the public of the author’s claims and, by facilitating rights-clearance, help the author disseminate and derive compensation from her work. I prefer to call title-searching information “declaratory measures” rather than “formalities” because only “formalities,” in their Berne Convention sense, entail the loss of copyright or the limitation of remedies. The aspirations of the second camp tend toward information rather than confiscation, but many may be concerned that only the threat of the latter will impel provision of the former. The perceived need to give title-searching measures teeth by penalizing authors who fail to declare or to register their claims allows the rhetoric of reformalization to conflate formalities’ two distinct goals. Recognizing that the “good cop” face of formalities tied to title-searching may attract more followers than the “bad cop” function of expropriating authors, some reformalizers may offer the kinder, gentler rationale of reducing search costs in support of declaratory obligations whose non fulfillment will confiscate the copyright. Not all the laments about high transactions costs, however, withstand analysis. For even were authors easily found and negotiations simplified, the real problem for many enthusiasts of formalities is having to transact at all, when in their view the object of the proposed translation should not, or should no longer, be protected in the first place. This paper addresses the Berne Convention’s prohibition on the imposition of “formalities” on the “enjoyment or exercise” of copyright, and the compatibility with that cornerstone norm of declaratory measures to enhance title-searching. In the Berne context, “enjoyment” means the existence and scope of rights; “exercise” means their enforcement. Voluntary provision of title-searching information on a public register of works and transfers of rights is fully consistent with Berne, and should be encouraged. But may a member State impose sanctions or disabilities for failure to supply that information? The first Part of this paper will address conditions on the existence or enforcement of rights. I conclude that “formalities” prerequisite to the initial attachment or persistence of protection, or that limit the scope of minimum rights or the availability of remedies, violate the norms of Berne and subsequent multilateral instruments. By contrast, it may be permissible to condition “Berne ” subject matter, rights, or remedies on compliance with declaratory measures. The “Berne” path, however, risks descending into controversies of characterization, as one contender’s “plus” proves another’s “minimum” norm. The second Part of this paper will consider declaratory measures regarding ownership of rights under copyright. The Berne Convention generally does not cover copyright ownership, and one may urge that conditions on who may enjoy or exercise rights are a matter distinct from disabilities imposed on existence or enforcement in general. Accordingly, sanctions against the failure to provide information pertaining to the transfer of rights should be Berne-compatible. Specifically, I propose making the validity of a transfer of copyright depend on the transferee’s recordation in the Copyright Office of “a note or memorandum of the transfer” containing sufficient information to permit third parties to ascertain who owns what rights in the work. The second Part then endeavors to resolve some of the practical problems a mandatory recordation of transfer obligation might engender. These include time limits for recording the transfer, gaps in the title-searching record, and effect on transfers of rights in non-U.S. works when the United States is one of the territories covered by the grant.

EBV infection and anti-CD3 treatment for Type 1 diabetes: bad cop, good cop?

EBV infection and anti-CD3 treatment for Type 1 diabetes: bad cop, good cop?

Good Cop, Bad Cop

Over the summer month of August 2008, Georgia launched a large-scale military offensive against South Ossetia in an attempt of reconquering the territory. Four years later, on October 1, 2012, Georgia is holding its first Parliamentary Elections after the conflict that caused so much harm. The Parliamentary Elections constitute the 7th legislative elections held since Georgia’s independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. It is however the first time for Georgia to elect an alternative party from the ruling party solely based on principle of democratic vote. The article examines the almost ten years of President Saakashvili’s Administration. During this decade, Saakashvili’s United National Movement government realized many positive works. Works like the successful reform of police forces and the determined force-back of corruption. These liberating works were all eagerly welcomed by Europe and other western nations. However, in the apparent loss of sense of reality towards the end of its reign, Georgia’s United National Movement government turned to dictating and ordering as a main style of governing. This in turn pushed citizens away from Saakashvili’s politics into voting for the opposition. Unforeseen by even the most experienced Southern Caucasus and Georgia experts, Georgia’s 2012 Parliamentary Elections gave way to the opposition coalition Georgian Dream to sweep to victory, leaving President Saakashvili to ceded defeat. Despite President Saakashvili’s statement that he would go into opposition there has not been a complete paradigm shift in Georgia’s domestic politics. With the Georgian Dream’s failure to gain a constitutional majority and questions over the ideological compatibility of the coalition – along with the fact that United National Movement still has the greatest representation in Parliament relative to the other parties, Saakashvili and his supporters keep hold to substantial political leverage. Also, Saakashvili will remain President until the October 2013 election. His opponent, Prime Minister Ivanishvili is expected to manifest himself, bringing in a less contentious, more pragmatic approach to relations with the country’s giant neighbour to the north. Overall, it can be said that Georgia’s unrivalled ballot-box transfer of power elevated the country to a category fundamentally higher in terms of democratic development than virtually all other post-Soviet states. This has been the more remarkable even since Georgia had been widely cited as an example case of a failed state, with a destroyed infrastructure and economy, dysfunctional state institutions and something approaching anarchy as its governance model. The impact of the ongoing reform of Georgia’s constitution and electoral law has lead to major shifts in Georgia’s political landscape. However, opinions vary as to whether the farsighted amendments made to the Georgian constitution on the initiative of the United National Movement are a genuine attempt to improve the country’s system of governance or that they rather are an effort by the incumbent president to cling on to power. The adoption of the amendments and the timing of their entry into force strongly suggest that the latter might be the case. Meanwhile, as a result of the changes to the Georgian constitution, a system of dual power has come in place. These and other factors suggest that Georgia’s political landscape is set to become more predictable. The article examines the degree to which this can be held true. In the streets of Tbilisi, hundred days into the reign of the new government, there is an air of optimism amongst the people. This holds especially true when it comes to youth. The hope is that the Georgian Dream becomes a Georgian reality. The disappointment otherwise might be shattering. In spring 2013, the new leadership offers new opportunities for Georgia. It can improve its democratic system and economic growth and establish a dialogue with Russia and the breakaway districts of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. This would alleviate the frozen conflict and tense security dilemma’ on the Administrative Boundary Lines. Yet, if the transition of power does not go well, there will be prolonged power struggles that could cripple the policy making and cast Georgia back to pre-Saakashvili times. The article addresses the overall question whether the smooth transfer of power Georgia achieved after October’s election sets a standard for democracy in the region depending on whether the new government can strengthen the independence and accountability of state institutions in what remains a fragile, even potentially explosive political climate. The victory of the Georgian Dream Coalition over the United National Movement has brought pluralism into Georgian policymaking. However this political pluralism also includes that awkward dual powers; Georgia’s good cop and bad cop.

Good CoP, bad CoP? Interrogating the immune responses to primate lentiviral vaccines

Correlates of protection (CoPs) against infection by primate lentiviruses remain undefined. Modest protection against HIV-1 was observed in one human vaccine trial, whereas previous trials and vaccine-challenge experiments in non-human primates have yielded inconsistent but intriguing results. Although high levels of neutralizing antibodies are known to protect macaques from mucosal and intravenous viral challenges, antibody or other adaptive immune responses associated with protection might also be mere markers of innate immunity or susceptibility. Specific strategies for augmenting the design of both human trials and animal experiments could help to identify mechanistic correlates of protection and clarify the influences of confounding factors. Robust protection may, however, require the combined actions of immune responses and other host factors, thereby limiting what inferences can be drawn from statistical associations. Here, we discuss how to analyze immune protection against primate lentiviruses, and how host factors could influence both the elicitation and effectiveness of vaccine-induced responses.

The Authentic Artwork? The Paris Review Author Interview

The interview is a peculiar form. Ranging from good cop bad cop interrogations to Prime Minister’s Question Time to Plato’s dialogues to the chat show, the interview is multipurpose and pervades modern culture. The literary interview (a term which is used variously to refer to the interviewee, the content or the style of presentation) is so popular that one critic has complained that poets don’t write essays anymore, they give interviews (Bawer 424). Search “interview” in Project Muse or JSTOR and the hits number in the hundreds of thousands. Yet critical analysis of the use of the interview for literary (as distinct from more scientific) purposes is limited to a handful of articles. We must ask why this is.

Schizophrenic soothers

How can the international community influence belligerents in internal armed conflict to move towards peace? Research on influence strategies in international relations commonly stresses the importance of a combined ‘carrot-and-sticks’ approach, yet little is known about how this mixed strategy is best applied in the context of internal armed conflict. The article addresses this question by developing a theoretical framework exploring the conditions under which the mixed approach is successful in influencing conflict actors and by focusing specifically on non-state actors. It is argued that the effectiveness of the contrast strategy in dealing with non-state actors depends on the balance between the ‘good cop’ approach and the ‘bad cop’ approach, the perceptions of the targets and contextual adoption of the sequencing of strategies. We apply this framework to the case of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in Sri Lanka between 2002 and 2008, when the international community’s initial success later turned into a failed attempt to influence the LTTE in the direction of respect for human rights, in ending the violation of the ceasefire and in preventing a return to the battlefield.

Good Cop, Bad Cop: Environmental NGOs and their Strategies toward Business – Edited by Thomas P. Lyon

Good Cop, Bad Cop: Environmental NGOs and their Strategies toward Business – Edited by Thomas P. Lyon

Good cop, Polish cop: findings from an evaluation of the secondment of two Polish police officers to work with the Metropolitan Police Service

This article presents and discusses the findings from an evaluation of the secondment of two Polish police officers to work with the Metropolitan Police Service in a west London borough between October and December 2009. While the secondment was intended to improve the service provided to the local Polish community, the principal outcome was more effective information‐sharing concerning Polish offenders. ‘Cop culture’ in this context had more resonance than national culture. British and Polish officers soon found they could overcome apparent differences in their approach to the ‘job’. Overcoming residents' reluctance to engage with the police proved more problematic.

Good cop, bad cop: challenging patients to make hard decisions about aggressive treatment

This is a case study that focuses on two acute presentations of diabetic foot ulcerations. Both men had a history of previous ulceration and presented to the Emergency Department at Box Hill Hospital with acutely infected weight-bearing foot ulceration caused by blistering. Both men worked in manual occupations and were subsequently weight-bearing for a large part of the day. In both cases a Total Contact Cast was decided to be the most effective means of treatment. Upon discharge from hospital, one of the men took a week’s sick leave from him occupation and his ulceration improved rapidly, so much so that he didn’t require a second week of total contact casting. The wound quickly healed and he has had no further problems to date and has returned to work as usual. The second man was in a Total Contact Cast for one week. On review, the Podiatrist determined that he would benefit from a second week in a TCC. The patient refused this treatment as it was inconvenient to his workplace and he didn’t like the TCC. He was treated with a padded CAM walker. Unfortunately he presented with an acute infection one week later and subsequently required a transmetatarsal amputation. He also had to take several weeks sick leave from his workplace and had to be slowly rehabilitated into the workplace post-amputation. These cases have highlighted the benefits of aggressive treatment when dealing with weight-bearing diabetic foot ulcerations. Quite often as Podiatrists, we don’t want to cause inconvenience to the patient’s working life, but this may in fact be to the patient’s detriment. Sometimes to provide the best patient centred care, we need to be the ‘bad cop’ and make unpopular decisions that will offer the best results.

Tall Man: The Death of Doomadgee by Chloe Hooper

WORLD LITERATURE IN REVIEW ^ ^^^ ^^^^^H and the consistency of his finely wrought and unusual examples. The ethos producing these charac teristics is evident in his pronounce ment that "the only defense against the mindless language of day to day is the fully conscious word"; it alone keeps alive the possibil ity of "primal perception." It is the conscious word's capacity to con jure connectedness and beauty out of our muddled, edgy world that makes literature worthwhile. John K. Cox North Dakota State University Chloe Hooper. Tall Man: The Death of Doomadgee. New York. Scribner. 2009. x + 258 pages. $24. isbn978-1 4165-6159-0 A haunting snapshot of postcolo nial Australia, Tall Man meticu lously chronicles the death of an Aboriginal man in police custody and its aftermath. In taut prose and compressed form, investigative journalist Chloe Hooper uncovers the complex forces that tragically converged in 2004 on Palm Island, off Queensland's northern coast. Home to one of Australia's largest Aboriginal communities, Palm Island embodies Australia's tainted racial legacy. Early touted as a tourist Eden, between 1918 and the late 1960s the island became a "tropical gulag." Most of its current inhabitants descend from those sent there, including hundreds of Aborigines guilty of minor griev ances (e.g., performing indigenous rites) and innumerable children of the "stolen generation." Mirroring one another, both thirty-six, Cameron Doomadgee and Christopher Hurley reflected the disparate histories of indig enous and colonial white Austra lians. In Doomadgee's communi ^^B^M" ^| Ixijc il H ty, transformed by colonization, rampant child and spousal abuse, undereducation, and limited pos sibilities led to disease, alcoholism, a high suicide rate, and a short ened life span, while Australia's settler population spawned Hur ley. Tall, handsome, and hungry for success, he joined the police and sought duty in Aboriginal areas, whose greater challenges might earn him greater rewards. Organizing sports activities for Aboriginal children, dating white and Aboriginal women, he became known as a good cop. Thus, his friend, Aboriginal activist Mur randoo Yanner, denied that Hur ley was racist and supported him throughout his trial. Yet when Doomadgee and Hurley met on November 19, 2004, the drunken singing of one pro voked the other, an arrest resulted, and within an hour Doomadgee lay dead in a cell, his liver perfo rated. The death ruled accidental, Hurley fled the island, and angry Aborigines rioted, burning police barracks and raiding their homes. The community's demand for an E U R 0 P E S JACQUES R?DA / wansiatodby aaron prevots inquest set Aborigines against white authority. The lawyer who volunteered to represent the community recruited Hooper to cover the case. Having grown up isolated from Aborigines, like most suburban white Austra lians, now she traveled Australia, grew close to the Doomadgee clan, joined in Aboriginal ceremonies and community events, and attended the follow-up proceedings, includ ing the trial of Hurley, the first white policeman in Australian his tory charged with manslaughter in the death of an Aborigine in his custody (despite ninety-nine deaths in police custody over ten years?in which no foul play was found?and the fact that Aborigines, 2.4 percent of Australia's population, comprise 22 percent of its jail population). As Hooper writes, "I had wanted to know more about my country, and now I did?now I knew more than 1wanted to." Tall Man examines the effects of postcolonial Australian institutions on Aboriginal psyches and commu nities while exploring Aboriginal culture, spirituality, and the resil 1 ^8 I World Literature Today ience of Aboriginal women, early exploited by self-empowered set tlersand later abused by theirown defeated men. But Chloe Hoop er's repeated allusions to Conrad raise questions about the nature of power in colonized cultures gener ally, so that the events surround ing Doomadgee's death and Hur ley's 2007 acquittal shed lightupon the divide that still isolates white America from indigenous Ameri cans and those it enslaved to con struct its new country. Mich?le Levy North Carolina A&T University Jacques R?da. Europes. Aaron Pr?v ?ts, tr. Austin, Texas. Host. 2009. 153 pages, ill. $12. isbn978-0-924047-70-1 Any...

RelA/p65 functions to maintain cellular senescence by regulating genomic stability and DNA repair

Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB is a positive regulator of tumour development and progression, but how it functions in normal cells leading to oncogenesis is not clear. As cellular senescence has proven to be an intrinsic tumour suppressor mechanism that cells must overcome to establish deregulated growth, we used primary fibroblasts to follow NF-kappaB function in cells transitioning from senescence to subsequent immortalization. Our findings show that RelA/p65(-/-) murine fibroblasts immortalize at considerably faster rates than RelA/p65(+/+) cells. The ability of RelA/p65(-/-) fibroblasts to escape senescence earlier is due to their genomic instability, characterized by high frequencies of DNA mutations, gene deletions and gross chromosomal translocations. This increase in genomic instability is closely related to a compromised DNA repair that occurs in both murine RelA/p65(-/-) fibroblasts and tissues. Significantly, these results can also be duplicated in human fibroblasts lacking NF-kappaB. Altogether, our findings present a fresh perspective on the role of NF-kappaB as a tumour suppressor, which acts in pre-neoplastic cells to maintain cellular senescence by promoting DNA repair and genomic stability.

Semper

Semper Kim Addonizio (bio) He says, Here’s what men really want: blow job, then fucking, girl on top—or next best, fucking her face down. He says, A fifty-caliber machine gun will take down an aircraft, will damage a tank. Now there’s a rifle with a ten-shot magazine, shoulder-fired, for sniping long-distance. My girlfriend quit night-managing the Quik Stop because of all the stress and is looking for something part-time. She’ll sneak off to the store and slam down two tall beers so when we go to a party, she can pretend not to be drinking. I put her picture on Dreammates.com and pretended to be her, for a gag. Sometimes late at night I write back to the sad fucks who respond to her profile. I hardly sleep anymore and I still have bad dreams. Being able to sit for hours without moving is what made me a good cop, when I was a cop. My new friend Ray is a cop and lets me ride along once in a while, those are the happiest times I have anymore. When Ray was a sniper in Afghanistan, a pregnant woman got off the bus near the embassy one day and starting spraying with an ak-47, he got a two-for-one. The kid would have just grown up one day and shot everyone. That’s how he looked at it. Do you understand what I’m saying? In Vietnam, a kid came running up with a grenade in his hand, you shot that little body and blew it apart. My girlfriend has orgasms that could peel wall-paper. That’s something, anyway, he says. [End Page 156] Kim Addonizio Kim Addonizio’s latest books are Ordinary Genius: A Guide for the Poet Within and Lucifer at the Starlite, both from W. W. Norton. She has authored several other books, including two novels, Little Beauties and My Dreams Out in the Streets. “My formative years as a person and therefore writer: boys going to and coming back from Vietnam, antiwar protests in dc, JFK shot by Oswald and who else, Nixon and Kissinger lying, burning flags and bras, drinking Ripple and Boone’s Farm, smoking pot and dropping acid, reading Hesse and Mailer and Nin and Baba Ram Dass. Hope I die before I get old.” Copyright © 2009 University of Nebraska Press

Calcium-sensing receptor in cancer: good cop or bad cop?

The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a versatile 'sensor' for di- and polycationic molecules in the body. CaR plays a key role in the defense against hypercalcemia by "sensing" extracellular calcium levels in the parathyroid and kidney, the key organs maintaining systemic calcium homeostasis. Although mutation of CaR gene has so far not been associated with any malignancy, aberrant functions of CaR have implications in malignant progression. One situation is loss of CaR expression, resulting in loss of growth suppressing effects of elevated extracellular Ca(2+) by CaR, reported in parathyroid adenoma and in colon carcinoma. Another situation is activation of CaR, resulting in increased production of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), a primary causal factor in hypercalcemia of malignancy and a contributor to metastatic processes involving bone. CaR signaling and effects have been studied in several cancers including ovarian cancers, gastrinomas, and gliomas in addition to comparatively detailed studies in breast, prostate, and colon cancers. Studies on H-500 rat Leydig cells, a xenotransplantable model of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy has shed much light on the mechanisms of CaR-induced cancer cell growth and survival. Pharmacological agonists and antagonists of CaR hold therapeutic promise depending on whether activation of CaR is required such as in case of colon cancer or inactivating the receptor is required as in the case of breast- and prostate tumors.

Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 and Cancer: Good Cop, Bad Cop?

Dogma held that inhibition of the pleiotropic protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was procarcinogenic due to its natural repression of beta-catenin. Now, Wang et al. have found the reverse in certain leukemias, possibly paving the way for small-molecule GSK-3 inhibitors as selective anticancer agents.