Good Air Circulation Research Articles

Environmental Factor Accelerate the Deterioration of Tuff Stone Heritage: A Case Study of a Stone House in Southeast China

Water plays an important role in the deterioration of rocks. Often, the condensation cannot be ignored in addition to the rain and seepage, especially for stone relics built with tuff in humid areas. As part of this study, a century-old stone house in southeastern China was investigated alongside the microclimate, including temperature, humidity, and rainfall in the study area. Results showed that the main types of deterioration in this house were detachment, with some areas exhibiting surface hardness decreased by more than 50%. This decay was caused in part by condensation on the inner walls of the stone house during the rainy season. According to statistics, more than two-thirds of the time the rainy season produces condensate on the inner wall, which is primarily found on the north side of the house because there is less solar radiation. Conversely, the stress caused by severe temperature differences on the south side contributes more to the deterioration of rock. Environmental conditions with high humidity and strong temperature differences will accelerate the deterioration process of tuff stone with high porosity. Consequently, it is recommended that stones built by tuff in such a humid environment take rainproof measures and maintain good air circulation to reduce the adverse effects of condensation.

KARAKTERISTIK PERUBAHAN FUNGSI RUANG RUMAH SEDERHANA BERSUBSIDI (STUDI KASUS : PERMUKIMAN BSS 2- MONCONGLOE)

The need for housing is an essential thing in the development of human life, including the provision of accommodation for the lower middle class with subsidized housing. Simultaneous and large number of subsidized housing developments occur in the buffer areas of Makassar City, one of which is Moncongloe District. Changes and additions to the core house occurred in less than five years since it was built. Control of additional space requires supervision from the aspect of the function and health of the occupants. This study aims to determine the characteristics of changes in position and spatial patterns in the post-occupancy period. The study location is in the Bumi Salam Sejahtera (BSS) 2 housing complex in Moncongloe District using a purposively selected sample of houses that have undergone changes. The data from the observations were then analyzed descriptively by comparing with the floor plan of the main house. The results of the study found that changes in location occurred in the bathroom space and the addition of sleeping space, business and drying. Occupants need to pay attention to the factors of good lighting and air circulation in the post-change or addition of space to the house.

Prototipe Pengendalian Kualitas Udara Indoor Menggunakan Mikrokontroler dengan Sensor MQ135, DHT-22 dan Filter HEPA

Indoor air pollution is a very serious health issue in comparison with outdoor air conditions. The current pandemic of COVID-19 causes people to remain indoors at all times. It is unimaginable that during this pandemic a smog-related disaster could occurs that could aggravate human respiratory diseases, thus requires additional air quality monitoring which can filter clean air into the room. The purpose of this study is to produce a prototype of air quality control that can provide a good air circulation system and hold the temperature and humidity in the room. This research was conducted with an Arduino Uno microcontroller and an MQ-135 gas sensor to detect CO2 gas and a DHT-22 sensor for measuring room temperature and humidity by comparing the results of using a HEPA filter. The research results of the prototype make it possible to generate the room temperature using a HEPA filter and air humidifier whose average is 27.7°C. Another parameter that is performed is the CO2 measurement, it is found that the average CO2 in the test using a HEPA filter and an air humidifier is 496 PPM.

INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING ADJUSTMENT IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Infrastructure building adjustment must be done during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure the health protocol implementation. The permanent buildings cannot be changed. Therefore, the infrastructure building adjustment need to be done. There are some modifications on the places and sites, also addition of specific instrument to ensure the good air circulation. This paper aims to describe the adjustment of infrastructure building during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This is a narrative literature review. Articles were searched in Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The articles were selected based on title, abstract, and full-text screening. Results of literature review revealed that the buildings should have at least an air purifier as filter and open windows to ensure the good airflow. The recirculated air from the surrounding people without circulation increases the risks of COVID-19 transmission. Joining rooms such as joined kitchens or living rooms must not be used during this time. If the room is very important and must be used together, then there should be a break period from one user to another user. This break time is important to allow fresh air circulation. The important factors in building adjustment and modification are cost, health aspects, function, and the users’ safety. In conclusion, the adjustment of infrastructure building during the COVID-19 pandemic can be implemented by maintaining the good air circulation flow in the room, using an air purifier as a filter, and ensuring a break period for users in using joining rooms.

Natural Ventilation Performance for Schools During a Pandemic and the Post-Pandemic COVID 19

Natural ventilation is applied to most educational buildings in Indonesia. Natural ventilation is one of the strategies to achieve the physical comfort of residents and an effort to save energy. During a pandemic, natural ventilation requires because it is expected to make the air circulation in the room. The presence of good air circulation will make the spread of the virus can be avoided. One indicator of the success of space for good and healthy air circulation is the achievement of Air Change per Hours (ACH) values according to standards. The study aims to find out and identify the performance of natural ventilation as an element that determines indoor air circulation against the spread of the covid 19 viruses, comfortable air velocity in a room and user capacity. The study used simulation methods to determine the value of ACH and air velocity. The research main goal was to look at the possibility of reopening schools as safely and quickly as possible. The results showed that the school buildings studied could be used for Pandemic and postpandemic times, indicated by ACH grades > 8 and air velocity in room 0.2-0.8 m/s. The building has an opening area of approximately 30% with an opening type that is able 45% wind flow. With the simulation obtained, to achieve health and comfort standards with 50% users, with certain air velocity conditions, the minimum opening area is 20% with 45% aperture type and 90% type.Keywords: ACH; natural ventilation; performance; window types

Natural Ventilation Performance for Schools During a Pandemic and the Post-Pandemic COVID 19

Natural ventilation is applied to most educational buildings in Indonesia. Natural ventilation is one of the strategies to achieve the physical comfort of residents and an effort to save energy. During a pandemic, natural ventilation requires because it is expected to make the air circulation in the room. The presence of good air circulation will make the spread of the virus can be avoided. One indicator of the success of space for good and healthy air circulation is the achievement of Air Change per Hours (ACH) values according to standards. The study aims to find out and identify the performance of natural ventilation as an element that determines indoor air circulation against the spread of the covid 19 viruses, comfortable air velocity in a room and user capacity. The study used simulation methods to determine the value of ACH and air velocity. The research main goal was to look at the possibility of reopening schools as safely and quickly as possible. The results showed that the school buildings studied could be used for Pandemic and postpandemic times, indicated by ACH grades > 8 and air velocity in room 0.2-0.8 m/s. The building has an opening area of approximately 30% with an opening type that is able 45% wind flow. With the simulation obtained, to achieve health and comfort standards with 50% users, with certain air velocity conditions, the minimum opening area is 20% with 45% aperture type and 90% type.Keywords: ACH; natural ventilation; performance; window types

Needleless electrospun mats based on polyamidoamine dendritic polymers for encapsulation of essential oils in personal respiratory equipment

The ever-increasing concern of air pollution triggered by broad-spreading contagious disease, bioterrorism, and release of dust particles in the air is targeted to be addressed in this paper by developing a novel personal respiratory equipment (PRE). For this purpose, polyamidoamine dendritic polymers (PAMAMs) were utilized not only for encapsulating tea tree essential oil (TEO), an antimicrobial material, but also for battling against perilous bioaerosols. Furthermore, TEO is encapsulated inside both PAMAM and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospun nanofibers. Results clarified that electrospun samples containing both TEO and PAMAM possess thinner nanofibers with 440 nm reduction in their average diameter, and pursuantly higher filtration efficiency against both NaCl and paraffin oil mist particles about 98% and well above 99%, respectively. Herein, the electrospinning method is employed first for high porosity, enhanced surface area to volume ratio, and interconnected pores of resulted nanofibers, which are strongly useful in capturing the dust and allowing more air to flow and pass through, and creating a good air circulation. Second, the synergistic effect of using both electrospinning and PAMAM as the host molecules is also a promising approach for addressing the volatility of fragrances by producing a controlled release of TEO.

Description of the Learning Environment in Traditional Dance Training at the Sanggar Palinggam Bungo Pasang

This research was motivated by the high participation of participants in traditional dance training at Sanggar Palinggam Bungo Pasang, Pesisir Selatan Regency. This study aims to see the description of the physical environment and social environment in traditional dance training at Sanggar Palinggam. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The population of this study are 20 participants. Sample of the study are 16 people. The instruments of data collections are questionnaire with a statement, while the result of the research used percentage calculation. This result describe that learning environment of traditional dance at Sanggar Palinggam Bungo Pasang Pesisir selatan regency are 1) physic environment is good. It means that environment is suibtable with the instrument that the trainees need for training traditional dance. It can from the way of the trainer teach the trainee, also the trainer can give a conditional place with a pleasant training atmosphere and there is good air circulation, 2) the social environment is good. There is good interaction and communication between the trainee and their trainer. Then, it can be seen that every trainer has good communication each others. Good communication from the trainer can be seen that the trainer never say bad words in front of the trainee. The dance traditional learning always open with praying and greeting.Keywords: Learning Environment, Dance Training

The Influence Of Dual Role Confectionary And Work Environment On Employee Performance

HR is perhaps the most decisive asset for organizational prosperity. In today's era of globalization being enforced by today's rapidly increasing knowledge and innovation, advice is progressively blurring the limitations of the types of work for people. The title of thiis researrch is The Effect of Multiple Role Conflict and Worrk Enviironment on Emplloyee Perforrmance (Case Study of Employee Indomaret, Bengkulu City). Thiis type of researrch is a quantitative descriptive research type, the object of this research is per Indomaret area in the city of Bengkulu, namely the Hybrid area, Panorama, West Circle, KM 6.5, Derivation, Padang teak, Tanah Broken, Suprapto, Rawa makmur and Kampung Bali. With the metthod of collectiing datta by means of observation, distributing questionnaires or questionnaires. The number of respondents in thiis sttudy were 50 people. By using data analysis techniques using Multiiple Liinear Regressiion Analysiis Test, and Hypothesis Test, namely test t and test f.The resullts of thiis sttudy can be concluded that the multiple role conflict variable has a negative and signifiicant effeect on employee performance, meaning that employee performance can increase if the dual role conflict can be suppressed or reduced, while the worrk enviironment variiable has a posiitive and signifiicant efefect on employee performance, meaning that employee performance can increase. if the workplace has a safe and comfortable environment and is supported by good air circulation.

The Influence Of Dual Role Confectionary And Work Environment On Employee Performance

HR is perhaps the most decisive asset for organizational prosperity. In today's era of globalization being enforced by today's rapidly increasing knowledge and innovation, advice is progressively blurring the limitations of the types of work for people. The title of thiis researrch is The Effect of Multiple Role Conflict and Worrk Enviironment on Emplloyee Perforrmance (Case Study of Employee Indomaret, Bengkulu City). Thiis type of researrch is a quantitative descriptive research type, the object of this research is per Indomaret area in the city of Bengkulu, namely the Hybrid area, Panorama, West Circle, KM 6.5, Derivation, Padang teak, Tanah Broken, Suprapto, Rawa makmur and Kampung Bali. With the metthod of collectiing datta by means of observation, distributing questionnaires or questionnaires. The number of respondents in thiis sttudy were 50 people. By using data analysis techniques using Multiiple Liinear Regressiion Analysiis Test, and Hypothesis Test, namely test t and test f.The resullts of thiis sttudy can be concluded that the multiple role conflict variable has a negative and signifiicant effeect on employee performance, meaning that employee performance can increase if the dual role conflict can be suppressed or reduced, while the worrk enviironment variiable has a posiitive and signifiicant efefect on employee performance, meaning that employee performance can increase. if the workplace has a safe and comfortable environment and is supported by good air circulation.

The performance service evaluation of Sibinuang regular passenger train

The Regular Sibinuang train is one of the railway bases of public transportation, which is serving passengers of Padang – Pariaman corridor, from Padang Station in Padang to the Gandohria station in Pariaman. While PM No. 48 of 2015 regulates the Minimum Passenger Service Standards (SPM) of passenger railways. It needs to be investigated whether the services of the Regular Sibinuang passenger train are in accordance with the SPM. Three hundred respondents are obtained by distributing questionnaires to Sibinuang (Regular) train passengers. The parameters observed in this study were 26 attributes. The analysis was conducted by using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. This method compares the level of importance with the level of satisfaction (performance), which is separated into four quadrants. As the result, there are five attributes included in quadrant IV. Those attributes are ‘the availability of CCTV cameras,’ ‘the availability of toilets which have good air circulation,’ ‘the availability of a handle for standing passengers,’ ‘the availability of station information to be passed in sequence, and the availability of facilities for disabled passengers.’ The results of the analysis in this quadrant should be the primary reference for PT. KAI Regional Division II West Sumatra as the main priority to immediately improve.

Sistem Pengaturan pada Ruang Proses Fermentasi Tape Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Logic

Salah satu pengolahan makanansecara tradisional yang dilakukan adalah fermentasi.sebagai media peletakan singkong yang akanFermentasi telah lama dilakukan dan merupakansalah satu cara pemrosesan bentuk pengawetanmakanan tertua. Pembuatan tape singkong padaUKM Tape Istimewa sebagai mitra pada pengerjaanskripsi hingga saat ini masih menggunakan sistembioteknologi konversional dengan menggunakancara-cara yang terbatas. Fermentasi masihmenggunakan alat seadanya diproses. Alat inimerupakan prototype untuk memaksimalkanpengaturan suhu dan sirkulasi udara pada ruangproses fermentasi tape singkong. Di maksimalkanuntuk membantu petani membuat tape yang lebihbaik. Penggunaan lampu AC 25 watt untukmenaikkan dan menurunkan suhu pada ruang. Selainitu juga digunakan kipas DC 12 Volt sebanyak duabuah sebagai pengatur sirkulasi udara. Dalam alat inimenggunakan DHT 11 sebagai sensor utama untukmengetahui nilai suhu dan kelembapan.Mikrokontroller pada alat ini menggunakanATMEGA 16 sebagai pusat pengendalian sistembedasarkan pembacaan sensor. Alat inimenghasilkan sebuah sinkronisasi antara suhu dansirkulasi udara yang baik sehingga mengoptimalkanproses fermentasi tape. Dengan demikian dapatmenghasilkan produk tape yang baik. Prinsip kerjadari alat ini adalah menstabilkan suhu pada set point36º C. Dari hasil pembacaan sensor DHT11didapatkan error 1,1% sehingga dapat dikatakanbaik, pengujian pada sistem menggunakan metodeFuzzy Logic dan set point suhu 36º C di dapatkanerror sebesar 1,1% sampai 1,4%, ini membuktikanbahwa sistem dapat bekerja dengan baik dan mampumenjaga kestabilan set point.

Hubungan Konsepsional Antara Perpustakaan, Penelitian, Dan Karya Ilmiah

<p>The main purpose of this article is to draw the conceptional relation among library, research, and scientific work. Library is traditionally considered as a place of book collection, a reading room, or 'a small waste room’, which show ’a narrow vision’. However, as learning source, library is a place of study, which requires good facility such as providing reading room, complete collection, clear light, good air circulation, etc. It should also be supported by friendly and helpful staff.</p>The relation between research and scientific work is that the report of research should be academically written in national or international journal as a scientific work. In the relation to this, library is a reservoir of collection (printed and non printed collection), including scientific works. In other word, scientific work, like journal or book, should be made as a report of research. Library, research, and scientific work are different from each other, but they can not be separated to each other.

Survey of fungal foliar diseases of Terminalia catappa in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Northwestern Nigeria

A survey on Fungal Foliar Diseases of Terminalia catappa in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto main campus was conducted to determine the causal organism responsible for the diseases, and its intensity in terms of incidence and severity. Incidence and severity were determined using disease rating scale, whereas pathogen responsible for the diseases were identified by taking the samples of infected leaves to mycology laboratory and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Aspergillus Leaf Spot, Aspergillus Blight, and Black Mould all caused by Aspergillus species, as well as powdery mildew were found to be prevalent foliar diseases in the study area. Aspergillus Leaf spot recorded highest intensity in both incidence and severity in all the three (3) locations with (96.67%, 100%, and 69.84%) and (53.17%, 62.20% and 15.87) respectively, followed by Aspergillus Blight with incidence (78.55%, 95.24% and 53.97%) and severity of (12.65%, 11.14% and 7.30%), Black Mould disease recorded the incidence of (73.89%, 94.96% and 59.52%) and severity of (14.27%, 16.86% and 13.36%). Powdery mildew showed the least incidence of (58.53%, 85.71% and 15.08%) and severity (9.65%, 34% and 3.89%) in the respective locations. The diseases occurs as a result of infection from a cosmopolitan fungus species (Aspergillus) and the high intensity was as a result of high humidity coupled with closed spacing, hence favoring the proliferation of the pathogen. The study recommended that silvicultural practices like pruning for good air circulation, sanitary practices like getting rid of the infected fallen leaves and dead twigs, as well as minimizing stress to keep the trees healthy should be practiced to limit the infection and reduces the menace of the diseases.

Designing Student Apartments With Green Building Concept on Ismail Harun Street

Apartments with green building concept are vertical dwellings that are built using the basic rules of green building namely energy efficiency and renewable energy, efficient use of air, use of environmentally friendly materials, use of waste and materials, improvement of good indoor air circulation, and sustainable development and smart growth. This concept is used as a fulfillment of housing needs for students around Universitas Negeri Medan, which is environmentally friendly. The concept of green building is expected to reduce household pollution generated from student apartments, which can reduce the quality of the surrounding environment and also reduce the costs of maintenance and operation of the apartment, which can have an impact on the quality of resident’s life. In the process of designing this apartment, the writer uses a quantitative-correlative approach to find what is needed by the apartment user. The process of designing an apartment with this concept will produce an environmentally friendly building that can save water use up to 53.28%. This student apartment is equipped with a solar power plant that can save PLN electricity use by up to 33%. Each apartment unit and room in the management office is also designed with natural light and natural air circulation in mind to reduce the use of electricity and air conditioning. This apartment also utilizes human waste by processing it into biogas using dome reactors.

Energy Saving for GO Green Environment

Green environment is not only planting of trees . It need not always be to create or invent something new for having a green surroundings and neighborhood. It can also be to measure to be taken to save our neighborhood from pollution. Many of us do not know the impact of using halogen lamps, neon lamps and other high voltage generating lighting system on our environment. These bulbs not only generate more heat in the surroundings where they are used but also consume high electricity. These lights when discarded will produce gases which are more harmful for the environment. They pollute the air by producing argon gas which will cause health issues like cancer, skin diseases. In the present day of nuclear families people are using more electricity and burn more lamps to have lighting in their homes. To give more clarity they are using artificial lighting to make their homes bright. This problem never arouse in the earlier period as the homes constructed were naturally built in such a way more air circulation was there and more ventilation. Homes in earlier days had backyards and more open space for good air circulation and natural lighting. But in the present few decades the culture of cluster homes apartments, multiplex complexes have become more common as people from rural areas are shifting towards urban cities. To accommodate these migrated families it has become a must to go for multiplex complexes and apartments. This is generating more pollution in the environment. In earlier days we never heard the terms of global warming, pollution control measures, Go green concepts. All these concepts have evolved in the last few decades. One of the reason is during increase in number of apartments, nuclear families. In places where one joint family was using a single lamp to complete their day to day activities are now replaced by 2 or 3 families using one light each in each house. So instead of one light we are using 3 or 4 lamps and generating more heat and pollution in our environment. The present study is an attempt to find out the alternative solution of using LED/LCD, iCaTS lamps on the energy saving and cost saving and environment friendly electric usage system

THE CORRELATION OF HOUSE’S PHYSICAL CONDITION AND TODDLER CHARACTERISTICS WITH MEASLES CASE IN SURABAYA CITY

There were 61 confirmed cases of measles in Surabaya in 2016, whereas in January-May 2017 there were 52 confirmed cases of measles. Many factors that could affect the incidence of measles include physical conditions of the house (lighting, occupancy density, and ventilation area) and toddler characteristics (age, gender, immunization status of measles, exclusive breastfeeding and contact history ). The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical conditions of the house and toddler characteristics with the incidence of measles in Surabaya. It was an observational study in the form of case study control design. This study used all confirmed measles cases on toddlers during January-May 2017 which had been proven by IgM laboratory examination by Health Office of Surabaya City. The results of this study indicated that there was a significant correlation between lighting (approx.sig=0.025), occupancy density (approx.sig=0.001), immunization status (approx.sig=0.136) and contact history with measles incident on toddlers in Surabaya. The conclusions of this study were the conditions of lighting, density, measles immunization status and contact history were significant risk factors for the incidence of measles. Mothers should maintain the cleanliness of the home environment, and toddler’s bedroom should get enough sunlight and have good air circulation by opening windows to prevent the growth of measles virus.

KORELASI KONDISI FISIK RUMAH DAN KARAKTERISTIK BALITA DENGAN KASUS CAMPAK DI KOTA SURABAYA

There were 61 confirmed cases of measles in Surabaya in 2016, whereas in January-May 2017 there were 52 confirmed cases of measles. Many factors that could affect the incidence of measles include physical conditions of the house (lighting, occupancy density, and ventilation area) and toddler characteristics (age, gender, immunization status of measles, exclusive breastfeeding and contact history ). The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical conditions of the house and toddler characteristics with the incidence of measles in Surabaya. It was an observational study in the form of case study control design. This study used all confirmed measles cases on toddlers during January-May 2017 which had been proven by IgM laboratory examination by Health Office of Surabaya City. The results of this study indicated that there was a significant correlation between lighting (approx.sig=0.025), occupancy density (approx.sig=0.001), immunization status (approx.sig=0.136) and contact history with measles incident on toddlers in Surabaya. The conclusions of this study were the conditions of lighting, density, measles immunization status and contact history were significant risk factors for the incidence of measles. Mothers should maintain the cleanliness of the home environment, and toddler’s bedroom should get enough sunlight and have good air circulation by opening windows to prevent the growth of measles virus.

The Kirkbride buildings in contemporary culture (1850-2015): from 'moral management' to horror films.

The so-called 'Kirkbride Plan' is a type of mental institution designed by the American psychiatrist Thomas Story Kirkbride. The Kirkbride-design asylums were built from 1848 to the end of the nineteenth century. Their structural characteristics were subordinated to a certain approach to moral management: exposure to natural light, beautiful views and good air circulation. These hospitals used several architectural styles, but they all had a similar general plan. The popularity of the model decreased for theoretical and economic reasons, so many were demolished or reused, but at least 25 of the original buildings became protected places. Over the years, surrounded by a legendary aura, these buildings have become a leitmotif of contemporary popular culture: 'the asylum of terror'.

Model of Underground Ant Nest Structure Using Static and Dynamic Finite Element Analysis

This paper focuses on the structural characteristics of ant nests, which are complex structures. Natural underground ant nests generally have good air circulation, pressure resistance, waterproof properties, thermal insulation and a favorable temperature and relative humidity. Additionally, ant nests are often surrounded by trees and other natural barriers. In this study, the natural underground ant nests of Iridomyrmex anceps were gathered from different collection sites. Manual cutting and frozen computer numerical control milling were performed on the ant nests in a laboratory. The internal structure of each nest was measured and recorded, and then, the 2D and 3D numerical structure models of the Iridomyrmex anceps nest were created. The static and dynamic simulation analysis of an underground ant nest structure was performed by using finite element analysis software (ABAQUS), and the mechanical properties of the ant nest were discussed. The underground ant nest structure effectively resisted the additional stress due to external static and live loads, and the ant nest was not completely destroyed.