Gongronema Latifolium Benth Research Articles

Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Effects of Aqueous and Ethanol Leaf and Stem Extracts of Gongronema latifolium Benth.

Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Effects of Aqueous and Ethanol Leaf and Stem Extracts of Gongronema latifolium Benth.

Renal Protective Effect of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Gongronema latifolium Benth in Acetaminophen-induced Renal Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

Renal Protective Effect of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Gongronema latifolium Benth in Acetaminophen-induced Renal Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

English

Chemical constituents of plants are influenced by environmental factors and fluctuations just as many other polygenic traits. Four different green leafy vegetables commonly used in the diets of South Eastern Nigeria were analyzed with a view to determine the phytochemicals, proximate and anti-nutrient compositions of these ecotypes. The vegetables, of which three are spices, are scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum L.), fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis), amaranth globe (Gongronema latifolium Benth.) and ashanti pepper (Piper guineense Schumach. and Thonn.) leaves. The preliminary phytochemical analysis indicates the presence of the phytochemicals from trace amounts to strongly present. The quantitative tests showed that O. gratissimum had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) the highest tannin content of 1074.94±0.009 mg/100 g. Significant variations were observed in all the other phytochemicals except in alkaloid and phenol content. Proximate and antinutrient compositions showed significant variation in the different vegetables. T. occidentalis had highest values in ash (13.51%), crude fibre (33.52%), protein (25.49%) and phytate (8.58 mg/100 g) contents. The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that the four leafy vegetables are readily available sources of nutrients and prove the extensive use of these vegetables in ethnomedicine; and their potential in drug formulation.    Key words: Alkaloid, ethnomedicine, proximate, spice, vegetables.

Evaluation of the Properties of Gongronema latifolium in Phospholipon 90H Based Solid Lipid Microparticles (SLMs): An Antidiabetic Study

ABSTRACTContext: Gongronema latifolium Benth Hook, (Asclepiadaceae) is a tropical rainforest plant primarily used in traditional folk medicine in the treatment of malaria, diabetes, hypertension, and as laxative. Objective: To study the antidiabetic properties of Gongronema latifolium-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLMs). Materials and methods: The methanolic extract of Gongronema latifolium leaves were obtained and formulated into SLMs using lipid matrix comprising of fat from Capra hircus and Phospholipon® 90H. The SLMs were characterized in vitro by determining the particle size and morphology, pH stability studies, and encapsulation efficiency EE%. Also, the antidiabetic properties of the Gongronema latifolium-loaded SLMs were studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Results and discussion: The results show that the particle size of G. latifolium-loaded SLMs was within an acceptable range for SLMs. Highest EE% of 68% was obtained for SLMs containing 5% G. latifolium (batch F3). The formulations remained stable with insignificant pH reduction over time (p < 0.05). Gongronema latifolium-loaded SLMs had mean percentage reduction in blood glucose of 76% at 2 h, 42.3% at 8 h, and 24.4% at 12 h, while the group that received the reference-glibenclamide had 82.6, 61.7, and 46.7% at 2, 8, and 12 h, respectively, after oral administration of all samples. Gongronema latifolium-loaded SLMs had blood glucose reduction significantly higher than the pure extract and the glibenclamide (p < 0.05) at the concentrations used. Conclusions: Gongronema latifolium-loaded SLMs exhibited a good hypoglycemic effect and could be used for the treatment of diabetes.

The Biology, Utilization and Phytochemical Composition of the fruits and leaves of Gongronema latifolium Benth

Basic information on plant species is important for the improvement of the species. This study was carried out to investigate and understand the biology, utilization and phytochemical composition of Gongronema latifolium which is a spice plant growing in the humid forest vegetation of South- Eastern Nigeria. Results showed that the species had culinary and medicinal properties. G. latifolium has simple and opposite leaves, dehiscent seed pod (follicle), that opens along a single seam. The seeds are flat with white hairy pappus, The flowers are bisexual, regular with pale yellow coloured petals and superior ovary. Phytochemical analysis of the tender fruits and mature leaves of Gongronema latifolium revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, phytic acid and hydrocyanic acid. The phytochemicals were higher in the fruitscompared to the leaves (P<0.001) except the flavonoids which were higher in the leaves than in the fruits (P<0.001). The presence of these phytochemicals account for the nutriceutical /medicinal properties of Gongronema latifolium.

Effect of a Long Term Consumption of a Diet Supplemented with Leaves of Gongronema latifolium Benth. on Some Biochemical and Histological Parameters in Male Albino Rats

Effect of a Long Term Consumption of a Diet Supplemented with Leaves of Gongronema latifolium Benth. on Some Biochemical and Histological Parameters in Male Albino Rats

Analyses of the Volatile Constituents and Antimicrobial Activities of Gongronema Latifolium (Benth.) and Gnetum Africanum L

The volatile oils, obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves of Gongronema latifolium (Benth) and Gnetum africanum L., were analyzed for their constituents by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). G. latifolium was characterized by high amount of linalool (19.5%), (E)-phytol (15.3%) and aromadendrene hydrate (9.8%). The main constituents of G. africanum were β-caryophyllene (18.1%), (E)-phytol (16.5%) and 6, 10, 14- trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (9.7%). The two oils mentioned above did not showed any significant antimicrobial effect against the tested microorganisms, except for the oil of G. africanum, which showed a moderate inhibition (MIC 39μg/mL) to the growth of E. coli (ATCC No. 25922).

Vier neue Pregnanglycoside aus Gongronema latifolium (Asclepiadaceae)

Four New Pregnane Glycosides from Gongronema latifolium (Asclepiadaceae)Four so far unknown pregnane biosides have been isolated from the chloroform extract of the leaves of Gongronema latifolium Benth. et Hook. (Asclepiadaceae). From one‐ and twodimensional NMR experiments (NOE difference spectroscopy, ROESY, H,H‐COSY, C,H‐COSY, HMBC) their structures have been established as 3‐O‐[6‐deoxy‐3‐O‐methyl‐β‐D‐allopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐canaropyranosyl]‐17β‐marsdenin (1a), 3‐O‐[6‐deoxy‐3‐O‐methyl‐β‐D‐allopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐oleandropyranosyl]‐17β‐marsdenin (1b), 12‐O‐acetyl‐3‐O‐[6‐deoxy‐3‐O‐methyl‐β‐D‐allopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐canaropyranosyl]‐17β‐marsdenin (1c) and 11‐O‐acetyl‐3‐O‐[6‐deoxy‐3‐O‐methyl‐β‐D‐allopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐canaropyranosyl]‐17β‐marsdenin (1d).

Zwei neue Pregnanesterglykoside ausGongronema latifolium (Asclepiadaceae)

Two New Pregnan Ester Glycosides from Gongronema latifolium (Asclepiadaceae) Two so far unknown pregnan ester glycosides named 3-O-[β-D-Glucopyranosyl-(14)-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(14)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl]-11, 12-di-O-tigloyl-17β-marsdenin (1) and 3-O-[β-D-Glucopyranosyl-(14)-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(14)-β-D-canaropyranosyl]-11, 12-di-O-tigloyl-17β-marsdenin (2) were isolated from the chloroform extract of the leaves of Gongronema latifolium Benth. et Hook. (Asclepiadaceae). Their structures have essentially been established by one- and two-dimensional NMR methods (NOE difference spectroscopy, NOESY, HH-COSY, CH-COSY, HMBC).

Determination of glycogen in small tissue samples.

Determination of glycogen in small tissue samples.

Gongronema latifolium Benth. Leaves (Uteze) Ameliorate Malaria Infection in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

Herbs are vital sources of bioactive compounds. This study evaluates the antimalarial, antioxidant, phytochemical and nutritional properties of Gongronema latifolium Benth. (Uteze) leaves. Pulverized dry leaves sample were macerated in hexane, methanol, ethanol and distilled water to obtain their respective extracts. The antimalarial efficacy of these extracts was assessed in male Swiss albino mice infected intraperitoneally with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK65, using the chemo-suppressive, prophylactic and mean survival time (MST) assays. Phytochemical and proximate analyses were assessed by standard protocols. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was analyzed using DPPH radical scavenging and ferrous ion chelating assays. From the results, the plant had significant (p &lt; 0.05) antimalarial activity compared to the infected untreated control. The chemo-suppressive activity of the extracts declined accordingly; ethanol (46.34%) &gt; methanol (43.16%) &gt; aqueous (32.24%), while their prophylactic activity declined in the order of aqueous (40.25%) &gt; ethanol (38.99%) &gt; methanol (26.94%). Only MST in the four-day chemo-suppressive assay was significant (p &lt; 0.05) compared to the infected untreated control. Tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, cardiac glycosides and proanthocyanidins were detected in reasonable quantities in the plant. The plant also had antioxidant activity as the aqueous extract (IC50 48.50 ± 0.42) scavenged DPPH radicals better, while methanol extract (IC50 21.15 ± 0.33) chelated ferrous ion radicals more compared to other extracts. Meanwhile, the percentage nutritional composition of the plant was moisture (6.23 ± 0.01), total ash (2.22 ± 0.02), crude fat (16.32 ± 0.04), crude fibre (1.04 ± 0.01), crude protein (9.33 ± 0.58) and nitrogen free extract (64.85 ± 0.63). In conclusion, the antimalarial activity of Gongronema latifolium Benth. (Uteze) leaves could be due to its rich phytochemical and nutritional properties.