Gomel Region Research Articles

MM-067 The Role of Some Cytokines in Plasma Cell Neoplasms in Gomel Region Residents

Plasma cell neoplasms (PCN) are monoclonal proliferations of plasma cells that produce a clonal paraprotein. Various cytokines are involved in the immune response and inflammatory processes in plasma cell neoplasms. To determine the levels of selected cytokines in the blood serum of patients with plasma cell neoplasms and to study their role in progression. The study was conducted from October 2018 to January 2022. Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology Gomel, Belarus Patients: 210 PCN patients (median monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), n=90; multiple melanoma (MM), n=101; solitary plasmacytoma (SP), n=19). The median MGUS age was 61.0 (54.0 and 67.0), MM-65.0 (58.0 and 70.0), SP-61.0 (54.0 and 68.0). Cytokines (IL1, IL2, IL6, IL8 and TNF-α) were determined. Studied cytokines are associated with the process activity in PCN. The levels of IL2 (p=0.001), IL6 (p=0.006) and TNF-α (p=0.006) with the progression of MM in comparison with MGUS and SP. An excess of IL8 levels was found in patients with MM with bone and kidney damage, in MGUS patients with progression (p = 0.014). An excess of the IL6 level (p=0.00001) was revealed in MM patients at the stages of ISSII and ISSIII and with high levels of LDH (p=0.0088), anemic syndrome (p=0.0064) and hypercalcemia (p=0.021). We have revealed a significant excess of the levels of IL1 (p=0.0036), IL2 (p=0.069) and TNF-α (p=0.043) in MM patients of a high-risk group (κ/λ <0.1 and >10), in comparison with the group with the absence of this criterion. A correlation was revealed in MM patients by levels of IL1 (p=0.02), IL6 (p=0.00001), IL8 (p=0.02) and TNF-α (p=0.004), IL6 (p=0.0004), IL8 (p=0.015) and TNF-α (0.006), in SP patients by IL6 level (p=0.05). The progression of diseases is characterized by an increase in the levels of various cytokines, depending on the signs of organ damage: in MM it was reflected by IL2, IL6, and TNF-α, in MGUS by IL1, and IL6, and in SP by IL1. When detecting lytic lesions and kidney damage, we have revealed a correlation with the level of IL8 and TNF-α.

GENEALOGICAL STRUCTURE AND EXTERIORCONSTITUTIONAL FEATURES OF BREEDING STOCK OF LIMOUSIN BREED OF BELARUSIAN SELECTION

Modern selection of beef cattle is impossible without a comprehensive assessment of the breeding value of an animal, which allows to analyze the transfer of a selection trait to offspring, to separate factors of production environment, to move from historically established phenotypic to genetic selection, in which selection of animals is formed only by their genotype. The article contains the results of research, the purpose of which was to study the genealogical structure and exterior-constitutional features of the Limousin breeding stock, bred in JSC “Turovschina” of Zhitkovichi district of Gomel region. It has been established that the greatest number of cows of the selection group belongs to the genealogical lines of bulls: KERN 767553941 (51 heads), NEBULEX 1096 (14 heads) and No. 4902116 (13 heads). Higher constitution indices (blockiness and breast) are typical for first-calf heifers, while boneiness and massiveness - for full-grown cows.

Statistical analysis of factors contributing to the formation of the external radiation dose

Objective . To determine factors contributing to the formation of the external radiation dose in individuals living in radionuclide-contaminated areas. Materials and methods . 25,503 residents from 289 settlements of the Gomel region were examined by the method of thermoluminescent dosimetry. Results . Some statistically significant differences between the doses in men and women were revealed. The study of age and sex groups found that the values of the external radiation dose in young men were 11% as high as those in women of the same age group. The values of the external radiation dose in elderly men were almost 10% as high as those in women of this group. The analysis of the type of activity of all the examined individuals has showed a large variation of external exposure dose values: on average, the external radiation dose is 32% as high in individuals who due to the nature of their practical activities stay outdoors for a long time as that in individuals who work in shielded premises and buildings. Conclusion . The factors contributing to the formation of the external exposure dose in individuals living in radionuclide-contaminated areas have been identified.

Analysis of clinical cases of malignancy in chronic hyperplastic laryngitis

Objective . To analyze cases of malignancy in chronic hyperplastic laryngitis (CHL) among patients subject to regular medical check-up (MC) in the Dobrush district of the Gomel region. Materials and methods . Patients diagnosed with CHL who as of October 1, 2021 were subject to regular otorhinolaryngology MC in the Dobrush district of the Gomel region were included into the study. There were 39 men (64%) and 22 women (36%). The mean age of the patients was 54.5 years (from 32 to 82 years). The research methods included patient data analysis, video endoscopy of the larynx, and biopsy followed by morphological study. Results . As of October 1, 2021, the patients subject to regular otorhinolaryngology MC (from a few months to 30 years) were patients diagnosed with CHL in the Dobrush district of the Gomel region from 1991 to 2021. At the time of being diagnosed, 87% (53 of 61) of the patients were of working age; 27 (44%) patients visited doctors once a year or more rarely; 27 (44%) patients had received only outpatient treatment which consisted mainly of antibiotic therapy. During inpatient treatment, biopsy was performed in 15 (25%) patients. All the patients were called to attend the appointment for video endoscopy of the larynx. In 3 (5%) cases, the examination of the larynx revealed a pathological process suspicious of malignancy. As a result of the biopsy, cancer was detected in all the 3 cases. Conclusion . The study has analyzed cases of malignancy in CHL during the period of patient dispensary observation, identified factors contributing to malignancy: non-compliance with the terms of MC; prolonged dispensary registration without thorough examination, biopsy and verification of the CHL form; inadequate treatment including numerous ineffective courses of antibiotic therapy.

ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT STATE OF PEAT DEPOSITS OF BREST, GOMEL AND MOGILEV REGIONS OF BELARUS BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF SATELLITE IMAGES

Based on the analysis of satellite images of high and ultra-high resolution of the territories of peat deposits of Brest, Gomel and Mogilev regions of the Republic of Belarus, a database of areas of peat deposits that are in an undisturbed state (natural peat wire); disturbed state (areas with the presence of reclamation systems covered with shrub vegetation); drained areas with forest vegetation; drained areas that are effectively used in agriculture; developed areas. The database created in the GIS format made it possible to estimate the remaining peat reserves for each of the deposits, to obtain statistical data on the state and directions of use of the areas of peat deposits. The estimation of the remaining reserves took into account the loss of peat from the depleted areas and the mineralization of organic matter at sites used in agriculture.&#x0D; In total, explored peat deposits with an area of more than 10 hectares in Brest region – 469, in Gomel region – 1290&#x0D; and in Mogilev region – 1385, the total area of which is 498.9, 530.8 and 221.0 thousand hectares respectively. According&#x0D; to the methodology used in the calculations, the remaining geological reserves of peat are: in Brest region - 772.3 million tons, in Gomel region – 798.5 million tons and in Mogilev region – 267.4 million tons.&#x0D; Analysis of satellite images of the territories of peat deposits of the studied areas showed that from 30 to 37 % of&#x0D; the areas of peat deposits are in an undisturbed state (natural peat swamps). The main part (more than 50 %) in Brest and Gomel regions is a drained land with peat soils of agricultural use, in Mogilev – about 30 %. In all three regions there are&#x0D; 141 deposits with depleted peat reserves and 1457 deposits (46 % of the total) with geological reserves of less than 40 thousand tons (reserves that are not of interest for integrated peat processing).

USE OF PEAT AND SAPROPEL FOR OBTAINING HUMIC PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR

The selection of peat and sapropel raw materials for obtaining a humic plant growth regulator with increased biological activity is experimentally substantiated. The use of peat and sapropel as raw materials for hydrolysis and the production of biologically active preparations makes it possible to transfer a significant amount of microelements into solution. In Lelchitsky district of Gomel region, the raw material bases of peat and sapropel, suitable for obtaining biologically active preparations, have been identified and characterized. The choice of the priority site Pribylovichi with deposits of low-lying sedge and sedge-reed peat and siliceous sapropel is substantiated. Carbonate sapropel is not suitable for obtaining humic preparations due to the low yield of humic acids; its scope is the use as a part of feed additives or as a soil deoxidizer.&#x0D; An experimental batch of a humic preparation with established optimal parameters has been produced, which has&#x0D; been tested with a positive effect in the field on plot experiments with winter barley and triticale. The preferred option for using a liquid humic preparation isolated from a mixture of peat and sapropel is the pre-clotting of seeds with the optimal concentration of the preparation for this purpose – 0.07–0.10 %. For irrigation under the root the concentration of the drug is 0.004–0.006 %. The humic preparation "Tosagum" was developed, which passed the necessary two-year tests on various crops in specialized centers of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

Features of the work of managers of outpatient and inpatient healthcare organizations in the Gomel region in the context of the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective. To study the opinion of the managers of healthcare organizations (HOs) of the Gomel region on the specifics of the functioning of outpatient and inpatient HOs in the region in the context of the third wave of COVID-19 spread, the impact of the current situation on the delivery of health care to the population.Materials and methods. A survey of 96 managers of outpatient and inpatient HOs was conducted, the features of the work in the context of an increased COVID-19 incidence rate and associated difficulties were identified.Results. The vast majority of the surveyed managers of outpatient HOs (77.3%) are convinced that the professional qualifications of medical personnel in their institutions fully meet the requirements for the work with COVID-19 patients, while this belief is shared by less than half (46.7%) of the managers of inpatient ones. However, with such a high assessment of the staffing, the managers of outpatient HOs are experiencing a real shortage of personnel: only 10.6% of them responded that they had not experienced difficulties with staffing during their work in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, and 56.7% of the managers of inpatient HOs responded the same. This is probably why outpatient health care tier managers one and a half times more often noted a significant increase in the duration and intensity of the work of medical personnel during the pandemic than their colleagues from inpatient institutions (62.1 and 40%, respectively). But the opinion about the moral and psychological climate in teams practically coincides in both groups of the managers: deterioration in outpatient HOs was noted in 47% of cases, stability in inpatient ones - in 53.3% of cases. Also, in both the groups, the managers of HOs were satisfied with the normative documentation regulating the delivery of health care in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic (managers of outpatient HOs - 7.63 ± 1.35 points, managers of outpatient ones - 7.18 ± 1.92 out of maximum 10 points).Conclusion. The fight against the coronavirus has become a serious test for the healthcare system of the Republic of Belarus. The performed survey has revealed problematic issues that arose in the course of the professional activities of the managers of inpatient and outpatient HOs. According to the respondents, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant increase in the duration and intensity of work. There were also difficulties related to carrying out the diagnostics, shortcomings in the interaction of medical personnel, etc.

Seasonal anomalies in radioactivity of the near-surface atmosphere in the Chernobyl-affected area of Belarus.

Increased radioactivity in the near-surface atmosphere is virtually an annual occurrence in the Gomel region, Belarus. However, there is no explicit evidence as to what causes these anomalies and whether their origin has a strong seasonal association. To establish any such relations, we have analysed long-term radiation monitoring data recorded in the region over the past 17 years from 2003 to 2020 to find that abnormal levels of atmospheric radioactivity in summer and in winter have different origins. Summer spikes are most likely caused by occasional wildfires blazing in contaminated afforested areas in extreme heat weather, such as the wildfires of 2015 and 2020 in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, which is confirmed by backward and forward trajectories of the air mass transport at the time calculated using the HYSPLIT model. By contrast, in winter, when a wildfire cannot occur, a potential source of atmospheric radioactivity in the Gomel region may be the use of wood fuel from contaminated territories in residential woodstoves. Measurements of wood ash sampled from local households across the contaminated area and close to the woods show excessively high concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr. The Holt-Winters and the Facebook's Prophet models used for the purposes of this study prove their applicability for performing a short-term (5 years) prediction of the weekly index dynamics of the atmospheric radioactivity.

КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ ТЕЧЕНИЕ И ВЫБОР ПРОТИВОВИРУСНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОГО ГЕПАТИТА В С УЧЕТОМ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЯ

Background. The clinical course of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) as well as the efficacy of its antiviral therapy depend on the genetic properties of the virus. Objective. To study the clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with CHB and their dependence on the molecular genetic properties of HBV in order to optimize the choice of antiviral therapy regimen. Material and methods. The study included 231 patients with CHB. Routine hematological and biochemical tests, serum HBV DNA level, liver fibrosis stage were measured. Phylogenetic analysis of HBV was carried out in 90 patients. Results. HBV DNA level above 2000 IU/ml was found in 68.8% of patients. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulation in Gomel region of HBV genotypes D (76.7%) and A (22.2%), genotype C being detected as well. Patients with genotype D had higher levels of aminotransferases and gamma-glutamiltransferase as well as higher liver fibrosis indices (p&lt;0.05) as compared to those with genotype A; no differences in viral load were found. Antiviral treatment is indicated in 66.7% of patients with genotype D, and only in 35% of those with genotype A (p=0.01). Nucleos(t)ide analogues are optimal as initial antiviral therapy for 86.8% of patients with indications for treatment. Conclusions. The determination of HBV viral load and genotype is important for predicting liver disease severity and choosing the optimal antiviral therapy regimen.

Connectivity of change in yield of grain and leguminous crops and level of application of fertilisers by district of the Republic of Belarus

The article discusses territorial and structural changes in the productivity of grain and leguminous crops in the districts of the Republic of Belarus, as well as differences in the doses of mineral fertilisers for certain types from 2014 to 2018. The aim of the study is to determine the degree of influence of fertilisers on the dynamics of productivity for the studied period and to analyse the reasons for changes in the level of yields of grain and leguminous crops in the regions of the country. The work is based on statistical research methods – correlation and regression analysis of the relationship between mineral fertilisers and productivity were carried out. Correlation analysis showed a significant inverse linear dependence of the yield dynamics on the fertility score (correlation coefficient – 0.66), proving that more fertile soils lose in harvests of grain and leguminous crops are almost 2 times in comparison with less suitable land. Regression analysis confirmed the significant effect of mineral fertilisers (determination coefficient 56 %) on the final harvests of grain and leguminous crops. The novelty of the research lies in the mathematical formalisation of the stochastic dependence of the yield of grain and leguminous crops on the level of application of certain types of mineral fertilisers and the establishment of its linear character. With the help of GIS technologies, territorial differences in the effectiveness of the use of fertilisers for grain and leguminous crops in the administrative regions of the Republic of Belarus were established and three clusters of productivity in the country were identified – highly productive south-west (Grodno Region, Brest Region and adjacent districts of Minsk Region), productive south-east (Gomel Region and Mogilev Region with border areas of neighbouring regions) and low-productive north (Vitebsk Region with northern regions of Minsk Region and Grodno Region).

РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНАЯ ОЦЕНКА И МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ РАДИОАКТИВНОГО ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ В РЕЗУЛЬТАТЕ КАТАСТРОФЫ НА ЧЕРНОБЫЛЬСКОЙ АЭС

The article presents conceptual approaches to retrospective assessment and predictive modeling of radioactive contamination of the territory of the Republic of Belarus as a result of the Chernobyl accident. The work was carried out within the framework of project 3.01 «Investigation of the effect of ionizing radiation in a wide range of doses and with the variability of radiation characteristics at different levels of organization of a living organism», GPNI «Natural resources and the envi-ronment» of the subprogram «Radiation and biological systems» for 2021-2025. We determined the most significant radionuclide composition (for assessing the consequences of the release of radionuclides into the environment for biota) and the levels of radioactive contamination of ecosystem components in the observation zone of the Gomel, Vitebsk and Grodno regions of the Republic of Belarus. The radiation situation was considered at different time stages, namely as a result of atmospheric nuclear weapons testing and after an emergency release at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant [1; 2]. At present time, according to our data, in the observation zone of the Gomel, Vitebsk and Grodno regions of the Republic of Belarus, the radiation situation is caused by 23Cs and 90Sr radionuclides. The migration of 90Sr in the soil and through the food chain significantly increases as a result of the destruction of fuel particles and, as a consequence, 90Sr enters the soil solutions, after which it migrates deep into the soil. In addition, in the Gomel region, 241Am accumulates due to the decay of 241Pu. The maximum contamination level of 241Am will be established by 2060 and will exceed 239 + 240Pu by a factor of 2.7, while territories with a contamination level of 238 + 239 + 240Pu + 241Am up to 1000 Bq / m2 may possibly go outside the 30-km zone. The results of scientific research were introduced into the educational process within the framework of lectures and practical classes at the Faculty of Environmental Monitoring of the International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University.

Spatial features of the risk of oncological diseases in the territory of the Gomel and Mogilev regions of Belarus

The article presents the results of the cartographic analysis of the Belarusian Cancer Registry data, including the spatial features of morbidity due to cancer in different sex and age groups of the rural population. The maps, characterizing the features of the spatial heterogeneity of the oncological diseases (OD) in the Gomel and Mogilev regions of Belarus, were built for the first time. The performed mapping revealed the anomalous zones, representing the groups of compactly located rural settlements, for which the OD level (including OD of different localizations observed in both men and women) differs by a factor of 4 or more. The assessed differences in the OD risk are statistically significant. On this basis, we infer that the anomalous zones in the territory of Belarus, in any case, demonstrate both a high spatial contrast of OD manifestation and regular spatial organization. These confirm the hypothesis about a relationship between the OD risk and the environmental parameters and, in turn, allow a reasonable conclusion about the endemic nature of cancer as a provoked “human disease”. We consider that the detected zones of positive and negative anomalies must have significant ecological and geochemical differences. Therefore, they should be recognized as the objects of priority control since the population living in the high-risk areas undoubtedly needs priority screening and applying the corresponding preventive measures.

Crepis rhoeadifolia M. Bieb. (Compositae) in the flora of Belarus

In 2021, the third location of Crepis rhoeadifolia M. Bieb. was identified in Belarus for the last 120 years. The article gives a phytocenotic characteristic of the habitat of C. rhoeadifolia in the Vetkovsky District of the Gomel Region, special attention is paid to the geographical distribution of the species. A map of the general range of C. rhoeadifolia has been compiled, which reflects the current distribution of the species. With the help of the MaxEnt program, the ecological and climatic niche of C. rhoeadifolia was identified, which allows us to come to the conclusion about the adventitious origin and the prospect of further distribution of the species in Belarus.

Roman Catholic medal from the 18th century from the burial mound of Glybay in Rechytsa district Gomel region

The article is devoted to the iconographic and semantic analysis of the Roman Catholic medal, which was revealed during the archaeological study of the Glybov burial mound in 1958. The medal has an oval shape and is made of a copper alloy using the casting technique. The obverse of the medal depicts the instruments of the passions of Jesus Christ, and the reverse depicts a relief image of St. Catherine of Genoa. The instruments of passion are an important and integral attribute of the martyrdom of Jesus Christ, which are described in detail in the four canonical Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke and John), numerous apocryphal texts, reflected in the works of medal painting and decorative and applied art. The instruments of passions symbolize the events that took place in Jerusalem in the last hours of the earthly life of Jesus Christ, as well as after death, which brought him physical and spiritual suffering. The total number of symbol elements depicted on the front side of the medal is 27. On the back of the medal there is a relief image of St. Catherine of Genoa. St. Catherine was canonized by Pope Clement X in 1675 and canonized by Pope Clement XII in 1737. An analysis of the iconographic and semantic features made it possible to date the medal to the 18th century, and the most likely place of its manufacture is Italy.

Народная духовная культура русско-белорусского брянско-гомельского пограничья

The publication focuses on the unique local traditions of the folk spiritual culture of the Russian-Belarusian Bryansk-Gomel borderland. They include the features associated with the calendar (Christmas, Annunciation, Easter, Ascension), rituals of the life cycle, beliefs, folk medicine and magic. The idea of the modern linguocultural situation in the south-western regions of the Bryansk region bordering on Belarus is enriched by considering the units of the language of spiritual culture, many of which also denote ritual artifacts. The linguoculturological material of the paper is compared with other studies of the traditional culture of the Bryansk-Gomel borderlands, regional dictionaries, the Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects, and the compendium Slavic Antiquities. The characteristic-local traditions considered (distinguishing schedrovkas by gender — for the owner and hostess, the image of the “goat”, inviting frost, cooking three types of kutia, the rituals of “driving an arrow”, “candle”, “parting of the mermaid”, bylichki about well-wishers, the widespread use of healers and others) are also represented in the Belarusian traditional culture of the Gomel Polissya and the Dnieper region, which confirms the common cultural past and present of the Bryansk and Gomel regions.

Primary School Programming Olympiads in Gomel Region (Belarus)

The content of programming contests for students in grades 1–4 of the Gomel region (Belarus) is described in this article. A general idea of the thematic content of the tasks and examples of the tasks of the city Olympiad, which took place on April 8, 2016, is provided. The methodology of teaching and preparing junior schoolchildren for such Olympiads is also briefly described. A serious technical basis is the instrumental system of distance learning developed under the control of the author (DL.GSU.BY).

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ ЛЕПТОСПИРОЗА

The authors present the clinical and epidemiological features of leptospirosis among residents in Belarus. The main reservoirs of infection are described. We have demonstrated a clinical case of severe leptospirosis. To solve the set tasks in this research, we used methods of epidemiological diagnostics and statistical research methods. According to the results obtained, the incidence of leptospirosis in Belarus for the studied interval (2007—2020) was unevenly distributed over the years. The maximum and minimum indicators differed six times. The average long-term incidence rate was 0.25 cases per 100 000 population (95 % CI 0.2—0.3). The analyzed period was characterized by a stable long-term epidemic trend towards a decrease in morbidity. Severe clinical signs of leptospirosis have been associated with L. incterohaemorragiae in a male patient. The highest average annual incidence rates of leptospirosis were noted in the Mogilev and Gomel regions (0.85 %00 and 0.49 %00), and the lowest rates were recorded in the Brest region (0.03 %00).

Анализ диагностики и лечения хронического гиперпластического ларингита в Республике Беларусь на примере пациентов Добрушского района Гомельской области

Objective. To analyze the current state of diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic hyperplastic laryngitis (CHL) for the period 2010–2021 in the Republic of Belarus on the example of patients in the Dobrush District of the Gomel Region and to identify shortcomings for the subsequent development of measures to prevent malignant diseases of the larynx. Material and research methods. The material for the study was patients of the Dobrush District of the Gomel Region (61 patients: 39 (64%) men and 22 (36%) women) with a diagnosis of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis who are registered with an otorhinolaryngologist. The median age at diagnosis was 45.6 years (18 to 76 years). In the age distribution, 2 peaks were observed: from 36 to 40 years and from 51 to 55 years – 16% (10 out of 61) of the entire group, 87% of patients were of working age. Results and discussion. Patients with precancerous diseases of the larynx, who are on regular medical check-up in the Dobrush Central District Hospital, were analyzed. Age-specific incidence rates were analyzed and differentiated by gender and place of residence. The analysis of symptoms, the time spent by patients on regular medical check-up, the frequency of visits to the otorhinolaryngologist in the order of regular medical check-up was carried out. All patients had voice changes of various nature and severity: 50 (82%) patients complained of hoarseness, 6 (10%), of hoarseness, 5 (8%) had aphonia. More than half of the patients had the following complaints: feeling of a coma or a foreign body in the throat – 90%, the presence of a cough not associated with colds – 75%, and shortness of breath on exertion – 70% of patients. The median time spent by patients on regular medical check-up was 5 years (from 0 for patients registered in 2021 to 30 years). The frequency of visiting an otorhinolaryngologist in the order of regular medical check-up was from 1 time in 2–4 months (10% of patients) up to 1 time in 5 years (3%), 44% – 1 time per year, 27 (44%) patients received outpatient treatment, 5 (8%) patients received inpatient treatment, and 29 (48%) patients received both outpatient and inpatient treatment. During inpatient treatment, 16 (47%) hospitalized patients underwent surgical treatment to remove hyperplastic areas of the mucosa, the rest received antibiotic therapy, 15 (44%) patients underwent a biopsy. Conclusion. The study revealed a number of problems in the diagnosis and treatment of CHL, the main of which is the establishment of a generalized clinical diagnosis without performing a biopsy and clarifying the form of CHL and, as a result, conducting numerous ineffective courses of conservative treatment, both on an outpatient basis and in a hospital setting. It is necessary to develop a system of measures to improve the effectiveness of treatment of patients with CHL and the prevention of malignant neoplasms of the larynx.

Transformation of the geological environment in the areas of extraction of solid minerals (on the example of the Gomel region)

Transformation of the geological environment in the areas of extraction of solid minerals (on the example of the Gomel region)

Autoimmune thyroiditis: organizational and medical measures for early detection in the Republic of Belarus

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of conducted organizational and medical measures for early detection and medical examination of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in the regions of the Republic of Belarus and to develop measures to enhance them.Materials and methods. Data on the incidence rates of AIT and primary hypothyroidism (PGT) in the Republic of Belarus from 1997 to 2017 were analyzed, data of a sociological study were presented and patients` records were analyzed. Epidemiological and sociological methods were used.Results. In the Republic of Belarus, two organizational and medical approaches to early diagnosis of AIT have been developed. The study has found a low competence level among therapists (general practitioners) of the Brest and Gomel regions and showed the absence of patients with AIT at Gomel Regional Endocrinological Dispensary even if there is a pathognomonic ultrasound picture and a high level of AT-TPO titer, which indicates that the incidence is undercounted.Conclusion. As a result of the performed study, the algorithm for organizational and medical measures has been developed and implemented for early detection and clinical examination of AIT patients aimed at PGT prevention.