Gomel Region Research Articles

The influence of feed protein not hydrolyzed granules on some indicators when rearing piglets

To date, the technology of obtaining soy protein concentrate using 3D texturing patented in 37 countries consists in the formation of bulk-porous granules with subsequent extraction of low-molecular water-soluble components with clean water, eliminates anti-nutritional factors of carbohydrate, protein and glycosidic nature, and constant laboratory control allows the use of nonadulterated and non-GMO soya. The studies of the infl uence of the effectiveness of granules feed protein concentrated not hydrolyzed (GFPCN) when included in the diets of suckling piglets and weaning piglets on the dynamics of productivity and quality of the resulting products have been presented in the article. Feed protein granules concentrated not hydrolyzed is a new type of soya protein concentrate that does not contain antibiotics, hormones or GMOs. This additive can be added individually to the main diet, as well as to compound feed as the main highly digestible source of protein with the original amino acid composition. The researches have been carried out under industrial conditions of the Unitary Agricultural Enterprise “Raduga-Agro” in the Vetkovsky district in the Gomel region in the Republic of Belarus. In order to conduct these researches, 4 groups of suckling piglets have been formed per 20 heads in each group. The experiment lasted for 90 days. The animals have been selected for the experiments were of the same breed and origin, clinically healthy. Check of productivity indicators of experimental pigs has been carried out at the beginning of the experiment, as well as at 35, 60 and 90 days of age. The results have shown that GFPCN promotes average daily live weight gain of piglets by 2,0–2,7 % more, and to reduce expendutures of feed to get the unit of production by 0,1–0,3 feed units, as well as an additional gross increase in live weight from 8,2 to 14,6 %. At the same time, the study of samples of pig meat from experimental groups has shown that they comply with accepted standards.

Заболеваемость аутоиммунным тироидитом в республике Беларусь и радиационный фактор

Actuality: In the Belarus, the primary incidence of thyroid pathology is in the 2d rank among endocrine diseases after diabetes. Studying the trends in the primary incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in the Belarus is important for improving organizational decisions and further improving the quality of medical care for the population.
 Purpose: Is to conduct a comparative analysis of the incidence of AIT in the population and in the affected population based on an epidemiological study in the Belarus, taking into account the radiation and organizational components in the formation of pathology.
 Material and methods: The data of the republican statistical reports and the data of the Chernobyl Register from 1997 to 2017 were analyzed. Standard methods of descriptive epidemiology were used in the work.
 Results: According to Chernobyl Registry, during the observation period (1997–2017), the primary incidence of AIT decreased by 1.4 times (1997 – 135.1 ± 15.77 0/0000; 2017 – 98.4 ± 7.55 0/0000). The incidence was statistically significantly higher in women than men (ratios ranged from 2.39: 1 in 2004 to 4.0: 1 in 2000). Moreover, the incidence according to Chernobyl Registry was higher than in the adult population, but in children where was no difference with population data. This indicates a high-quality clinical examination of the children’s population. Two organizational and medical approaches have been formed in the republic. The first approach (Grodno, Brest, Minsk regions and Minsk) is characterized by periods of moderate growth, decline, and growth again. In the second approach (Vitebsk, Mogilev and Gomel regions), there are two periods when the increase in incidence sharply changes to decrease before the end of the study period. An analysis of the odds ratio allowed us to conclude that insignificant effect of radioactive iodine on the incidence of AIT in children at the time of the accident and its absence in the adult population.
 Conclusion: The study confirms the importance of the organizational component in the early diagnosis of AIT.

First-time Diagnosis of West Nile Fever in Gomel Region

Currently, West Nile Fever (WNF), which is characterized by a variety of its clinical forms, severity, and high mortality, is becoming common in many countries. There is an increase in the WNF incidence in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The trend of a gradual increase of the WNF incidence in the countries of the European Union (EU) and neighboring countries, which began in 2015, led to an epidemic increase in the incidence, and both imported and local cases of the disease are recorded. The article describes a clinical case of WNF. Due to the lack of awareness and focus on the WNF detection by most doctors, general information about this disease is also provided.

Prevalence of carbapenemase-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i> in Gomel Region of Belarus and their sensitivity to antibiotics, antibiotic combinations, and decontaminants

Here, we characterized in public health organizations prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, sensitivity to antimicrobial agents (AMAs), combined antimicrobial agents, and decontaminants. For this, there were selected 58 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae resistant to carbapenems and/or polymyxins and examined within the microbiological monitoring program. Genes encoding KPC, OXA-48, VIM, IMP, NDM carbapenemases were detected by real-time multiplex PCR. Sensitivity to antimicrobial agents was determined by an automated method on a microbiological VITEK-2 Compact analyzer (bioMérieux, France) and by serial broth microdilution method. Sensitivity to 11 dual antimicrobial agent combinations was determined by a modified method of multiple combination bactericidal antibiotic testing. As a part of combinations, AMAs at pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) threshold concentrations (meropenem — 8 μg/ml, amikacin — 16 μg/ml, levofloxacin — 1 μg/ml, tigecycline — 0.5 μg/ml, phosphomycin — 32 μg/ml, colistin — 2 μg/ml) were tested. Susceptibility to 7 combined decontaminants of different composition was determined by the suspension method. Carbapenemase genes were detected in 22 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates, of which 19 isolates contained a blaOXA-48 gene and 3 isolates — gene blaNDM. Carbapenemase producing K. pneumoniae were identified in 10 Gomel public health organizations and five regional centers of the Gomel region. The majority of such strains were isolated from patients in ICU (63.6%) and surgical departments (27.3%). Tigecycline (100% of the sensitive isolates, МIC50 — 1 μg/ml, MIC90 — 1 μg/ml) and colistin (86.4% of the sensitive isolates, МIC50 — 0.5 μg/ml, MIC90 — 4 μg/ml) exhibited the highest activity against carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae, whereas aminopenicillins, cephalosporins, aztreonam, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol (no sensitive isolates) had exhibited the lowest efficacy. Bactericidal activity of all antibiotic combinations containing colistin was shown against 86.4–95.5% of K. pneumoniae isolates. At least 3 distinct combinations of antimicrobial agents with bactericidal activity were efficient against 21 K. pneumoniae isolates (95.5%). Only 1 bactericidal combination (meropenem–amikacin) was unveiled for one isolate (producer of NDM MBL with MIC of colistin 32 μg/ml). Geksadekon, duacid, oksidez, hlorocid and diajsid exerted a bactericidal effect at 1/4 work dose against all isolates. Duacid, oksidez, hlorocid and diajsid showed bactericidal effect at 1/16 work dose against 95.5–100% isolates. Thus, several decontaminant groups (oxidizing agents, chlorine-containing preparations) were characterized by bactericidal activity against multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant of K. pneumoniae even at 4–16 times lower than recommended concentration.

Calculation of the effective external dose rate to a person staying in the resettlement zone of the Vetka district of the Gomel region of Belarus based on in situ and ex situ assessments in 2016–2018

The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary assessment of the expected effective dose rate from external exposure to an adult individual staying at that part of the radioactively contaminated territory of the Vetka district of the Gomel region of the Republic of Belarus, from where residents had been resettled after the Chernobyl accident. For this assessment, in summer 2016 and 2018 soil samples were taken from 19 sites located in forests (7 plots), virgin meadows (4 plots), cultivated meadows (6 plots) and vegetable gardens (2 plots), with the subsequent estimation of the inventory and vertical distribution of 137Cs in the soil. The values of 137Cs inventory in the soil ranged from 452 to 1620 kBq m−2 (mean = 904 kBq m−2, median = 964 kBq m−2). The results of the measurement of soil samples were used to calculate values of the air kerma rate, normalized to the inventory of radioactive caesium in the soil. On average, the normalized indicator of the air kerma rate from the man-made source was higher in forests (1.13 nGy h−1 per kBq m−2) compared to virgin meadows (0.95 nGy h−1 per kBq m−2). Normalized air kerma rate in cultivated meadows and vegetable gardens was approximately two times lower than the corresponding indicator for virgin meadows. Using a field gamma spectrometer-dosemeter, ambient dose equivalent rate of gamma radiation in the air was measured at the surveyed sites and the contributions of the technogenic and natural components to the dose rate were estimated. Additionally, such measurements were performed on asphalted surfaces (5 sites) and inside two wooden houses. The measured values of the total ambient dose equivalent rate at a height of 1 m above the ground, asphalted surface or house floor varied from 160 to 2260 nSv h−1. The lowest levels were recorded over asphalted surfaces and inside houses, and the highest ones at forest and virgin meadow sites. The contribution of the technogenic component to the total dose rate varied from 61.9% to 98.8% (mean = 88.9%; n = 26). The effective dose of anthropogenic radiation calculated from the results of in situ measurements in a forest, virgin meadow, cultivated meadow, kitchen garden, asphalted area and house was 0.59, 0.80, 0.34, 0.29, 0.06 and 0.06 μSv h−1, respectively. Similar values for land plots were calculated based on ex situ analysis of soil samples. It can be expected that, starting from 2020, the average effective external dose of a person staying in the resettlement zone of the Vetka district will not exceed 1 mSv year−1.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ПРИГРАНИЧНЫХ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ И БЕЛАРУСИ В ПОСТСОВЕТСКИЙ ПЕРИОД

The article is devoted to the consideration of historical features that bring together the demographic development of the Gomel, Mogilev and Vitebsk regions from the Belarusian side and the Bryansk, Smolensk and Pskov regions from the Russian side, characterizes their migration interaction and its impact on the national composition of the population, as well as the specificity of the reproduction processes that thirty years in these six regions. The paper shows that although the fate of these regions is largely similar, nevertheless, in the Russian regions bordering on Belarus, the demographic dynamics turned out to be worse than in the Belarusian regions bordering on Russia. In the post-Soviet three decades, the population dynamics in the Belarusian and Russian border regions began to level out, both there and there, which entirely depended on the natural population decline. At the same time, the demographic situation in the border regions began to differ more from the average indicators for the countries, which is evident from the dynamics of the life expectancy of the population. The article also provides data on the number of Russians living in the border regions of Belarus and Belarusians living on the Russian side, which testify to the preservation of the previous ethnic proportions in the population of these regions.

Iodine in Soils and Potatoes Produced in Private Farms of Bryansk and Gomel Regions Located in the Impact Zone of the Chernobyl Accident

Among residents of the Bryansk and Gomel regions of Russia and Belarus, who were exposed to the so-called “iodine attack” as a result of the 1986 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident, there was a sharp increase in thyroid disease. Therefore, the natural iodine deficiency in soils was an important additional risk factor that could cause adverse reactions primarily among children, for whom the incidence of thyroid cancer in Belarus increased by 76 times. Potatoes belong to one of the main ration-forming foods for local population. In this regard, in 2007–2017, 97 settlements were surveyed in the affected areas, in which samples of local arable soils and potatoes were taken from 138 private subsidence farms (PFs).The iodine content in the studied soils of the private farms of the Bryansk region ranged from 0.11 to 3.5 mg/kg (air-dry weight). The content of iodine in potatoes grown on these soils varied within a considerably wider interval: from 0.002 to 0.119 mg/kg (wet weight), averaging 0.033 mg/kg, which indicates a generally low iodine transfer to this particular product. The data obtained deserve attention when organizing monitoring and carrying out measures for the prevention of iodine deficiency.

241Am on the territories adjacent to the Belarusian sector of the Chernobyl NPP resettlement zone: soil contamination, foodstuffs and population internal dose assessment

241Am is the only radionuclide of Chernobyl radioactive fallout the content of which until 2058 continues to increase. The purpose of this work is to assess the 241Am internal exposure doses of residents of settlements on the territory adjacent to the resettlement lands of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. To achieve this goal the current levels of 241Am and accompanying 137Cs content in the soil and foodstuffs were determined at the private settlements of the Bragin district of Gomel region of Belarus. 241Am (Eγ 59.6 keV) content in soil samples and 137Сs (Eγ 661 keV) content in soil/food samples were determined by gamma spectrometry. Determination of 241Am specific activity in food samples was performed by the radiochemical method using selective extraction-chromatographic resins. With an average level of 1.3 kBq/m2 , the maximum soil contamination density of 241Am can reach 3.6 kBq/m2 , and for 137Cs it is one or two orders of magnitude higher and ranges from 50 kBq/m2 to 350 kBq/m2 . The maximum specific activity of 241Am in products is determined in samples of leafy parsley – 33 mBq/kg, and in samples of potatoes, beets, onions per feather – not exceed 5 mBq/kg. The content of accompanying 137Cs in samples of plant products is in the range of 3-12 Bq/kg. In estimation of the internal dose of exposure by the food chain it is conservatively assumed that the population receives all the main components of the diet in their own farmstead. Calculation of the dose of internal exposure during inhalation is made under the assumption that the population performs work in the garden 4 hours a day for 7 months. The total expected dose of internal exposure from 241Am residents of settlements is dominated by the inhalation component, while the oral route is dominant in the formation of the total dose of internal exposure from concomitant 137Сs, which is 20 or more times higher than 241Am.

Prevalence of carbapenemase-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in the Gomel Region

Aim. Within the microbiological monitoring program, to study the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae in the healthcare organizations of the Gomel region and assess their level of resistance to antibacterial drugs. Materials and methods. For 91 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae with multiple antibiotic resistance, isolated in Gomel and Gomel region, carbapenemase genes were detected by real-time PCR and sensitivity to antibacterial drugs was determined. Results. 68 carbapenemase producers were revealed: KPC — 1 isolate, OXA-48 — 47 isolates, NDM — 20 isolates. Carbapenemase producers were found in 11 Gomel health organizations and 8 central district hospitals of the regional centers of the Gomel region. All of them had an associated resistance to most antibiotics and retained sensitivity to colistin (91.2% sensitive isolates) and tigecycline (98.5%). Conclusion. The spread of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates in healthcare organizations makes it very difficult to conduct effective antibiotic therapy for patients and requires the introduction of appropriate infection control measures aimed at limiting their circulation in the hospital environment.

The Prevalence of Hypercalciemia in Adult Population of the Gomel Region

Aim: to study the prevalence of hypercalcemia among adults in the Gomel region. Materials and methods. The results of a selective study of the prevalence of hypercalcemia among residents of the Gomel region are presented. The study involved 1366 people (884 women, 482 men) from 20 to 71 years old, who passed tests of blood for serum calcium by the arsenase method. Results. The median age of patients was 32.0 [32.0; 54.0] years. Hypercalcemia was detected in 41 people of 3.0 (2.16-4.0) % and was significantly higher in men (4.0 (2.55-6.0) %) compared with women (2.0 (1, 48-4.0) %), p = 0.07. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of hypercalcemia in persons over 45 years old (3.6 (2.2-5.5) %) and younger (2.6 (1.6-3.9) %) (p = 0,33). At the same time, statistically significant differences were observed in women between the age groups of 30-39 (1.2 (0.4-2.7) % and 40-49 years (10.7 (2.3-28.2) %), p = 0.01. Conclusion. The result we obtained indicates quite big proportion of people with a high content of calcium in the blood in the population of the Republic of Belarus. This may indicate that they have a certain hidden pathology.

Медь в пахотной и луговой почве Гомельщины

В статье анализируются результаты исследований определения содержания меди в пахотной и луговой почве в районах Гомельской области выполненных с четырёхлетним интервалом. Установлено колебание средневзвешенных показателей меди, в 2013 году, в пахотной почве в пределах 1,44–2,16 мг/кг, в 2017 году — 1,42–2,17 мг/кг почвы, в луговой — соответственно 1,55–2,20 и 1,83–2,20 мг/кг почвы. Отмечается увеличение количества площадей с более высоким содержанием в почве меди. Если в 2013 году 47,9% обследованных площадей пахотных почв имели удельную концентрацию меди более 1,51 мг/кг почвы, то по состоянию на 2017 год уже 50,2%, соответственно луговых почв — с 54,2% до 60,9%.

Modeling of Process for Level Changes in Cascade of Two Channel Water Reservoirs in Case of Flooding

For the last decades in the Republic of Belarus, there is a tendency of decreasing river flow, but at the same time the probability of flood is increasing. Majority of all hydraulic engineering structures on the territory of the Republic of Belarus is projected for a pressure up to 15 m. Risk of an accident at the hydraulic unit appears due to insufficiently substantiated methodology for calculation of hydraulic engineering structures at the stage of design, unsatisfactory level of their maintenance, absence or understaffing of operational personnel. A danger increases significantly when reservoirs are located in cascades. A hydraulic system in Merkulovichi, Chechersk district, Gomel region can serve as an example of such water reservoir and uncoordinated activity of the operating personnel. While operating the hydraulic unit an overflow occurred through a crest of an earth dam during a rain flood and due to this there was a partial destruction of the dam body. The paper considers problems concerning prediction of such situations. The paper proposes a simplified methodology for calculating changes in water level for two reservoirs during flood discharge and this methodology is based on a joint solution of differential equations of water balances in reservoirs without taking into account unsteady movement along their length. It has been assumed that at the entrance to an upper reservoir discharge change in time corresponds to flood hydrograph, and the change in time at the entrance of a lower reservoir and at its exit corresponds to discharge hydrographs in accordance with such schedules for control of spillway water gates for the first and second reservoirs in order to prevent overflow through dams (dam) of the reservoirs. While using this methodology an example for prediction calculation of levels in Merkulovichi channel reservoir and a lower pond has been considered with their cascading location and in the case of flood discharge.

The Features of Pubertal Abnormal Uterine Bleedings in Gomel Region

Objective : to analyze the risk factors, as well as the features of abnormal uterine bleedings in adolescent girls of Gomel region. Material and methods : The retrospective analysis of 143 records of in-patients of the Gynecological Ward of Gomel Regional Clinical Hospital over 2014-2017 has been carried out. The statistical analysis determining the proportion and standard error of the proportion - P ± sp%, the median and quartiles, OR (95 % CI), has been performed. Results and discussion. 31 (21.7 ± 3.5 %) patients with juvenile uterine bleedings (JUB) were diagnosed with low nutrition, 63 (44.1 ± 4.2 %) of the examined patients revealed anemia. The anamnesis of the girls was burdened with somatoform vegetative dysfunction of the nervous system (18.2 ± 3.2 %) and thyroid pathology (35.7 ± 4.0 %), as well as chronic tonsillitis (2.8 ± 1.4 %) and chronic pyelonephritis (4.9 ± 1.8%). Conclusion . The anamnesis of JUB patients is burdened with somatoform vegetative dysfunction of the nervous system, thyroid pathology inflammatory infectious ENT and kidney disorders. A long-term JUB episode leads to the development of anemia in adolescent girls. In autumn the risk for the development of the above pathology is higher.

Indoor radon concentrations in the Vitebsk, Mogilev and Gomel regions of Belarus and assessment of the radon dose for the population

The summarized data on indoor radon concentrations and estimated effective radon doses in the Vitebsk, Mogilev and Gomel regions of Belarus are presented. The passive track detector method was used to carry out the indoor radon monitoring. The measurement results are summarized in the geoinformation database. The map of the annual radon equivalent equilibrium concentrations distribution in administrative districts was created. The analysis of the results revealed that in 2.3, 1.3 and 0.4 % of dwelling of the Vitebsk, Mogilev and Gomel region correspondingly, the indoor radon equivalent equilibrium concentration exceeded the regulatory established limit of 200 Bq/m 3 . For effective planning of further radon monitoring, maps of absolute and relative number of measurements per administrative district were built. The calculated effective radon doses for the population and comparison to those from the “Chernobyl” radionuclides showed that radon is the main contributor to the public exposure.

Адаптация моделей информационных кластеров для Гомельского региона

Адаптация моделей информационных кластеров для Гомельского региона

АНАЛИЗ ПРИЧИН СМЕРТИ, СТРУКТУРЫ ВТОРИЧНОЙ И СОПУТСТВУЮЩЕЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ ВИЧ-ИНФИЦИРОВАННЫХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ ГОМЕЛЬСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Background. The analysis of the spectrum of causes of death associated with HIV infection presents some difficulties, since a significant number of deaths of HIV-infected patients are not directly related to the manifestation of immunodeficiency. The goal is to determine the spectrum of secondary diseases, the immediate and main causes of death, as well as target organs for opportunistic infections and diseases of HIV-infected patients in Gomel region. Material and methods. The case histories, data of of infectious diseases and the protocols of pathological autopsies of HIV-infected patients in the Svetlogorsk district of Gomel region for 2012-2018 were studied. Results. Among HIV-infected deceased patients, men predominate (more than 60%), aged 35 to 44 years (about 50%). The number of deceased patients with the experience of infection from 1 to 12 years is decreasing and increasing from 13 to 21 years (28.4%). Life expectancy after HIV infection is 10.5 ± 4.9 years. Among HIV-infected deceased patients who had indicators of immune status, the content of CD4 + lymphocytes were less than 200 cells in 63.8% of patients, in 23.3% the number of CD4 + cells at the time of death was less than 50. Viral load in 22.4% of deaths at the time of death exceeded 500,000 copies/μl, the majority (89.2%) of the dead had the 4th clinical stage of HIV infection. Conclusions. In 74.6% of patients, HIV infection was the main disease and the main cause of death. Among the spectrum of secondary diseases that caused death pneumocystis pneumonia, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, cryptococcal infection, toxoplasmosis of the brain, tuberculosis, lymphomas, CMV-infection, generalized candidiasis, atypical mycobacteriosis, pulmonary aspergillosis and others were identified. In 25.4% of cases, HIV infection was regarded as concomitant rather than the main pathology, among which liver cirrhosis and other pathologies predominated: acute cerebrovascular accident, coronary heart disease, chronic rheumatic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, chronic alcoholic disease and others. The increase in the number of autopsies and constant monitoring of the causes of death of HIV-infected deaths and associated opportunistic infections and diseases will improve the quality and speed up the time-to-life diagnosis of various pathologies in HIV-infected patients.

Aнтропогенные источники входа парниковых газов в открытый воздух беларуси

Spatial and temporal variability of some greenhouse gas emissions from stationarysources in the open air of Belarus is analyzed. Vitebsk and Mogilev regions are the leaders ofnitrogen dioxide emissions in the air during 2011-2015 years, Vitebsk and Gomel regions are theleaders of sulfur dioxide emissions. Administrative districts of Vitebsk region are ranged accordingto the nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions from stationary sources per acre in comparisonwith average regional level

БІЛОРУСЬКИЙ ФАКТОР У ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СУМСЬКОГО ПАРТИЗАНСЬКОГО З’ЄДНАННЯ (1941–1944 РР.)

The purpose of the article is to study the Belarusian factor in the activity of one of the largest in the number and the most diverse in national composition partisan formation of the period of the Second World War ‑ the Sumy partisan union (the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division named after the Hero of the Soviet Union, S. A. Kovpak). First of all, the relevance of the problem is determined, the state of study of the history of the Soviet partisan resistance movement during the Second World War in general and its certain aspects in particular. It is emphasized on the multinational personnel as a characteristic feature of the Soviet partisan formations of Ukraine. During the study of the problem, the basic source was a complex of documents from the fund of the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division named after twice Hero of the Soviet Union S. A. Kovpak (Sumy Partisan Union), which is kept in the Central State Archives of Public Associations of Ukraine. Using the historical method, the general scientific methods of comparison, analysis, synthesis, on the basis of archival sources, memoirs and scientific works, shows the participation of citizens of Belarusian nationality in the personnel of the compound (divisions), traces the dynamics of the number of Belarusians, determines their place and correlation with other nationalities. It is proved that from the first days of the creation of this unit as a partisan detachment in September 1941 and till disbandment as a guerrilla division in November 1944, the fighters of Belarusian nationality ranked third place in its staff. The path of passing and location of the connection (division) on the territory of Byelorussia is traced. It was determined that its combat, sabotage and intelligence activities were in the Gomel, Pinsk and Polissya regions. It was associated mostly with raids on the territory of the Right Bank and Western Ukraine. The chronological boundaries of the activity of the Sumy partisan compound (the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division named after the Hero of the Soviet Union S. A. Kovpak) on the territory of Belarus cover the period from November 1942 till July 1944, with interruptions. Combat operations of the union (division) on the territory of Belarus are revealed, in particular, the defeat of hostile garrisons and the capture of settlements. Sabotage activity on main railways and on highways was investigated. The presence of the union (division) on the territory of Byelorussia during the period of preparation for the exit to the Carpathian raid in June 1943 and after the returning from the Lviv-Warsaw raid in April 1944 are highlighted. Examples of the attitude of the local population towards the partisans of the Sumy Union, facts of looting of individual fighters and so on. The main aspects of the relationship between Ukrainian partisans and local partisan groups are also described. The issue of establishing a connection between the Sumy partisan union and local Belarusian partisan detachments and brigades is solved. The example of obtaining the experience of combat, sabotage and reconnaissance activities of the Yale Partisan Detachment during the stay of the Sumy Partisan Connection at the end of 1942 – early 1943 is given. The conduction of joint military operations and the exchange of intelligence data gained by the Ukrainian and Belarusian partisans is shown. According to archival documents, local guerrilla formations of Belarus were identified, with which connection (division) communications were established, joint hostilities and sabotage on hostile communications were conducted, intelligence was exchanged, sending of wounded guerrillas to the Soviet rear was ensured, etc. The problems connected with the replenishment of the personnel of the union (division) at the expense of the local population, as well as the transition of the fighters of the Belarusian units were highlighted. Some contradictions were mentioned which arose between the Ukrainian and Belarusian partisans, the dissatisfaction of the Sumy guerrilla unit command with the uneven material supply of Ukrainian and Belarusian partisans from the Soviet rear, the combat and sabotage activity of the Belarusian formations, etc. According to the results of the study of the problem, a considerable place of the Belarusian factor in the activities of the Sumy partisan compound during the entire period of its existence from September 1941 to November 1944 has been proven.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ГИСТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ И ИММУНОГИСТОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ КАРТИНЫ ЛИМФАТИЧЕСКИХ УЗЛОВ ПРИ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ

Background. Structural changes in the lymph nodes (LNs) in HIV infection correspond to the clinical syndrome – persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL), which is a fairly reliable clinical sign of HIV infection. As a result of prolonged PGL in the germinal centers of the lymph nodes, cytopathic destruction of immunocompetent cells occurs, leading to their involution. The goal is to establish histological and immunohistochemical parallels in LN at different clinical stages of HIV infection. Material and methods. The object of the study was 48 LNs of various locations from 13 dead HIV-infected patients in Svetlogorsk district of Gomel region in 2018, as well as 4 LNs after an excisional biopsy of 4 patients from this region. Before immunohistochemical examination (IHC), all histological preparations were studied by light microscopy using staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), which enabled to assess the state of structural elements in the lymph nodes. IHC of lymph nodes was performed using the following antibodies (manufactured by Roche Diagnostics, USA): rabbit monoclonal primary antibodies to CD3 (2GV6), CD4 (SP35), CD10 (SP67), bcl-2 (SP66), as well as mouse monoclonal primary antibodies CD20 (L26), CD21 (2G9). The IHC study was performed using a VentanaBenchMark GX IHC / ISH automatic immunohistostainer. Results. In most cases, the relationship and the coincidence of histological and immunohistochemical changes in the LNs taking into account the stage of PGL were established. The revealed changes corresponded to successive stages of PGL from severe hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles with wide germinal centers at the initial stages of infection to hypoplasia of reproduction centers and complete atrophy of lymphoid follicles (lymphocytic depletion), which is reflected in the illustrations. The reproducibility control of the results of the PGL stages according to the IHC results was 100%, in contrast to light microscopy, the results of which corresponded to the PGL stages in 82.3%. Conclusions. The histological picture of LNs in patients with HIV infection in most cases correlates with the immune status data, but it does not have absolute value in the diagnosis of PGL stage. The IHC study has higher reliability and reproducibility than a histological study in determining the stages of PGL. A complex method of histological and immunohistochemical studies improves the quality of diagnosis of HIV infection in general.

Рэгіянальна-лакальныя асаблівасці каляндарна-абрадавай паэзіі Гомельшчыны (на матэрыяле фальклору Ельскага і Кармянскага раёнаў)

Рэгіянальна-лакальныя асаблівасці каляндарна-абрадавай паэзіі Гомельшчыны (на матэрыяле фальклору Ельскага і Кармянскага раёнаў)