Golf Club Research Articles

Golf Club Selection with AI-Based Game Planning.

In the dynamic realm of golf, where every swing can make the difference between victory and defeat, the strategic selection of golf clubs has become a crucial factor in determining the outcome of a game. Advancements in artificial intelligence have opened new avenues for enhancing the decision-making process, empowering golfers to achieve optimal performance on the course. In this paper, we introduce an AI-based game planning system that assists players in selecting the best club for a given scenario. The system considers factors such as distance, terrain, wind strength and direction, and quality of lie. A rule-based model provides the four best club options based on the player's maximum shot data for each club. The player picks a club, shot, and target and a probabilistic classification model identifies whether the shot represents a birdie opportunity, par zone, bogey zone, or worse. The results of our model show that taking into account factors such as terrain and atmospheric features increases the likelihood of a better shot outcome.

Evaluation of Visual and Functional Quality of Grass and Trees at RSJMM Heritage Golf Field in Bogor City

Abstract RSJMM Heritage Golf Club is the oldest golf course in Bogor City. The quality of a golf course depends on the quality of the grass, both visually and functionally. It is also influenced by the tree that performs as a natural challenge for the game. The objectives of this study are: (1) to evaluate the visual quality of grass and trees, (2) to evaluate the functional quality of grass, and (3) to propose maintenance plan recommendations. The methods used in this research were observation, interview, and literature review. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using Pearson correlation, Binomial test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The result shows that the average visual quality of the tree is categorized as very good. Meanwhile, the visual quality of the grass shows that grass density is classified as moderate for the green area and high for the tee box and fairway areas. The color, color uniformity, the presence of particles, and the texture of 3 areas met the standard. The functional quality of the grass indicated that pruning height in 3 areas, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and root length other than 1 area met the standard. The elasticity of the grass is included in the category of fast and medium fast for regular play. The result of this study provides recommendations for a maintenance plan to develop the quality of RSJMM Heritage Golf Club.

Pengaruh Kinerja Caddie terhadap Kepuasan Golfer dalam Pengalaman Bermain di Rainbow Hills Golf Club Bogor

Caddie performance in golf is an important aspect that can influence a golfer's overall satisfaction. This analysis was conducted to answer the question of how Caddie performance impacts golfers' satisfaction in their golf experience. An inductive quantitative approach was carried out using the SPSS analysis tool through a questionnaire distributed to 171 respondents. The research results show that Caddie Performance has a positive and significant effect on Golfer Satisfaction. This was opened with a regression test which produced a t-count > t-table value of 4,493 > 1,654, so that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. The significance value also shows a value smaller than the research alpha (α) or 0.000 < 0.05, so it can be concluded that Caddie Performance has a positive and significant effect on Golfer Satisfaction (Y) at Rainbow Hills Golf Club Bogor in terms of the playing experience they gain. The coefficient of determination or R Square value obtained is 0.800 which is interpreted as the influence of the independent variable namely Caddy Performance (X) which is 0.800 or 80% of the dependent variable Golfer Satisfaction (Y) at Rainbow Hills Sentul Bogor, while the remainder is 0.200 or 20% influenced by other variables not included in this research. This can be a consideration for the management of Rainbow Hills Golf Club Bogor to always pay attention to Caddie performance in order to increase the satisfaction of golf players who are members of the club as well as improve the image of the golf club.

Utilizing Topic Modeling to Identify Sustainability Trends in the Golf Industry

The environmental impact of the golf industry has garnered increasing attention, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices in golf course management. This study aims to develop strategic frameworks that enable the golf industry to address global environmental challenges and integrate eco-friendly principles. Utilizing topic modeling, the research examines key areas such as pesticide use, waste management, and energy consumption within golf courses, and explores strategies for achieving carbon neutrality and developing sustainable golf wear and branding. The findings reveal specific management practices that significantly reduce environmental harm, including integrated pest management, waste reduction techniques, and the adoption of renewable energy sources. Case studies of leading golf clubs demonstrate successful implementation of carbon neutrality strategies. Furthermore, the research highlights the potential of eco-friendly golf wear to enhance brand credibility and meet consumer demands. These insights hold valuable implications for golf course managers, club operators, policymakers, and golfers, promoting a comprehensive approach to sustainability in the golf industry. The study’s contributions extend beyond the immediate environmental challenges, offering a framework for long-term sustainability and competitive advantage.

골프클럽 커스터마이징의 시장 동향 분석과 전망

골프클럽 커스터마이징의 시장 동향 분석과 전망

Unveiling consumer loyalty dynamics: insights for golf club loyalty programs

PurposeWith the competitive nature of golf club operations, understanding the loyalty formation process is crucial for maintaining a competitive edge. This study investigated the sequential developmental stages of consumer loyalty, progressing through cognitive, affective, and conative stages.Design/methodology/approachThe study conducted a survey targeting consumers who have experienced golf club services in the United States. This study operationalized reliability and trust as key indicators of the cognitive stage, hedonic motivation and social engagement as indicators of the affective stage, and loyalty as the indicator of the conative stage.FindingsUsing structural equation modeling (SEM), this study found that reliability has a significantly positive influence on trust. Trust has a significantly positive influence on hedonic motivation and loyalty. Furthermore, hedonic motivation has a significantly positive influence on social engagement and loyalty.Originality/valueBy integrating these findings within the Cognitive-Affective-Conative (CAC) framework, this study contributes to both the theoretical literature on consumer loyalty and provides practical insights for golf club management.

The Impact of Seller Trust in a C2C Platform on Golf Club Purchase Intention and the Interaction Effect of Regulatory Focus.

(1) Background: This study aimed to investigate the influence of seller trust on the purchase intention of consumers of used golf clubs in the context of increasing C2C transactions and further explore the interaction effect of regulatory focus. (2) Methods: Data were collected from 200 participants who had experience purchasing golf clubs through the Carrot Market platform, employing a 2 × 2 experimental design. An independent samples t-test was utilized to examine the effect of seller trust on purchase intention, followed by a two-way analysis of variance to assess the interaction effect of regulatory focus. (3) Results: The results revealed a significant difference in purchase intention based on seller trust, with higher purchase intentions observed when seller trust was high compared to when it was low. Additionally, the interaction effect of regulatory focus was found to be significant in the impact of seller trust on golf club purchase intention. Specifically, when seller trust was high, no significant differences were observed among control focus groups. However, when seller trust was low, promotion-focused consumers exhibited higher purchase intentions than prevention-focused consumers. (4) Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of seller trust in the context of an expanding market for online second-hand trading platforms.

Linking the preference in a bilateral asymmetric task with handedness, footedness, and eyedness: The case of ice-hockey.

Most people know whether they are left-handed or right-handed, and usually base this assessment on preferences during one-handed tasks. There are several manual tasks that require the contribution of both hands, in which, in most cases, each hand plays a different role. In this specific case, holding an ice-hockey stick is particularly interesting because the hand placement may have an incidence on the playing style. In this study (n = 854), the main objective was to determine to what extent the way of holding an ice-hockey stick is associated with other lateralized preferences. Amongst the 131 participants reporting a preference for the left hand in unilateral tasks, 70.2% reported a preference for shooting right (placing the right hand in the middle of the stick); and amongst the 583 participants reporting a preference for writing with the right hand, 66.2% reported a preference for shooting left. 140 (16.4%) participants were classified as ambidextrous and 61.4% of them reported a preference for shooting right. This preference on the ice-hockey stick is closely correlated (uncrossed preference) to the way one holds a rake, shovel, or broom, or a golf club, but inversely related to the way one holds an ax and a baseball bat. The link between the way of holding the ice-hockey stick and eyedness or footedness is weak. These results are contrasted with the results reported by Loffing et al. (2014) and reveal the need to clarify the exact nature and requirements of the targeted tasks when studying bilateral asymmetric preferences.

Risk of reverse golf club deformity with medial plating of distal femur fracture.

This study described a deformity induced by medial plating of supracondylar distal femur fractures using plates that are precontoured for other anatomic locations. OTA/AO 33A fractures were created in 12 sawbone femurs and fixed with either a proximal humerus locking plate (PH), an ipsilateral lateral tibial plateau plate (LTP), or an ipsilateral medial distal tibial plate (MDT). A motion capture system measured changes in length and rotation of the distal femur as the plate was applied. Each plate underwent four trials and the mean and standard deviation (SD) for each measurement was reported. An analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey test compared malreduction measures between plate types. All plates consistently created a varus deformity. There was lateral lengthening with a compensatory medial shortening and an increase in the lateral distal femoral angle. The distal fracture fragment was laterally translated, and internally rotated. The PH plate had significantly greater lateral length (27.39mm SD 4.78, p = 0.007), shorter medial length (13.57mm SD 4.99, p = 0.028), greater lateral translation (28.82mm SD 5.70, p = 0.010) and greater widening of the lateral distal femoral angle (28.54° SD 4.98, p < 0.001) than the LTP and MDT plates. The MDT plate had significantly greater angulation anteriorly (8.40° SD 1.07, p < 0.001) and laterally (7.63° SD 3.10, p = 0.002) than the PH and LTP plates. There was no significant difference between plates in internal rotation (PH: 3.07° SD 2.79; LTP: 2.05° SD 1.05; MDT 3.81° SD 3.56; p = 0.659). When dual plating supracondylar distal femur fractures, poor plate positioning and a mismatch between plate contour and the slope of the medial distal femur can lead to varus angulation, internal rotation, and lateral translation or a "reverse golf club deformity". After comparing three types of precontoured plates, the authors recommend initial evaluation of the ipsilateral proximal tibial plate when placing a plate along the medial distal femur. IV.

Location Matters-Can a Smart Golf Club Detect Where the Club Face Hits the Ball?

In golf, the location of the impact, where the clubhead hits the ball, is of imperative nature for a successful ballflight. Direct feedback to the athlete where he/she hits the ball could improve a practice session. Currently, this information can be measured via, e.g., dual laser technology; however, this is a stationary and external method. A mobile measurement method would give athletes the freedom to gain the information of the impact location without the limitation to be stationary. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether it is possible to detect the impact location via a motion sensor mounted on the shaft of the golf club. To answer the question, an experiment was carried out. Within the experiment data were gathered from one athlete performing 282 golf swings with an 7 iron. The impact location was recorded and labeled during each swing with a Trackman providing the classes for a neural network. Simultaneously, the motion of the golf club was gathered with an IMU from the Noraxon Ultium Motion Series. In the next step, a neural network was designed and trained to estimate the impact location class based on the motion data. Based on the motion data, a classification accuracy of 93.8% could be achieved with a ResNet architecture.

The neurovascular unit of capillary blood vessels in the rat nervous system. A rapid-Golgi electron microscopy study.

We describe a pericapillary organ in the rat forebrain and cerebellar cortex. It consists of a series of tripartite synapses with synaptic extensions enveloped by astrocytic endfeet that are linked to the capillary wall by synaptic extensions. Reciprocal specializations of the pericyte-capillary blood vessel (CBV) with such specialized synapses suggest a mechanoreceptor role. In Golgi-impregnated and 3D reconstructions of the cerebral cortex and thalamus, a series of TSs appear to be sequentially ordered in a common dendrite, paralleled by synaptic outgrowths termed golf club synaptic extensions (GCE) opposed to a longitudinal crest (LC) from the capillary basal lamina (BL). Our results show that, in the cerebellar cortex, afferent fibers and interneurons display microanatomical structures that strongly suggest an interaction with the capillary wall. Afferent mossy fiber (MF) rosettes and ascending granule cell axons and their dendrites define the pericapillary passage interactions that are entangled by endfeet. The presence of mRNA of the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 in the MF rosettes, together with the surrounding end-feet and the capillary wall form mechanosensory units. The ubiquity of such units to modulate synaptic transmission is also supported by Piezo1 mRNA expressing pyramidal isocortical and thalamic neurons. This scenario suggests that ascending impulses to the cerebellar and cortical targets are presynaptically modulated by the reciprocal interaction with the mechanosensory pericapillary organ that ultimately modulates the vasomotor response.

Project Management Practices and Performance of Construction Projects: A Case of Kigali Golf club and Kigali Arena Stadium Projects under Supervision of Rwanda Housing Authority

This research examined project management practices and performance in Rwanda's construction industry, with a focus on the Kigali Golf Club and Kigali ARENA projects. It assessed the impact of monitoring and evaluation practices, project risk management, and project leadership skills on performance. The study employs a mixed-method approach, collecting data from 166 respondents across various departments using questionnaires and interviews. The findings emphasize the significance of project monitoring and evaluation (mean score of 4.63), project risk management (mean score of 4.415), and project leadership skills (mean score of 4.63) in contributing to construction project performance. Overall, effective project management practices, including monitoring, evaluation, risk management, and leadership skills, are crucial for success in Rwanda's construction industry. Keywords: Project management, Practices, Performance, Construction projects, Rwanda

Golf Club Management Challenges towards Sustainability: Opportunities and Innovations during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Perspective

Golf is among the top five sports practiced in Spain because sport tourism is one of their main lines of income. During the COVID-19 pandemic, all golf clubs had to shut down and thus enter a situation of economic uncertainty. The main objective of this study was to assess the sport management challenges that general managers of golf clubs have had to face before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and how they dealt with these issues. In this qualitative case study, management challenges and strategies were explored by subjecting five golf club managers with at least 5 years of experience to semi-structured interviews. Managers described that they went from a pre-pandemic situation of economic growth to having to deal with different challenges such as a lack of tourism, increased costs, and a need to install new safety and maintenance protocols. All participants highlighted the importance of constant communication with and transparency among stakeholders (clubs, government bodies, federations) during and after the lockdown period. Management during the pandemic expedited the digitization of golf clubs, and this was considered one of the main upsides of this period. Exploring the strategies used could help managers of this and other sports facilities to design sustainable management protocols to deal with possible future health or economic crises.

스크린골프 동호회 참가자의 여가경험과 가치지향성에 관한 탐색적 연구

This study aims to investigate the leisure experiences and value orientations of participants in a screen golf club using a qualitative research method called the constant comparison method. A total of 8 screen golf club members in Chungcheong Province participated in this study, selected based on theoretical sampling. The data collected for this study were analyzed using the constant comparison method, which is commonly used in qualitative research. The findings are as follows. Firstly, the participants’ leisure experiences in screen golf were characterized by the symbolism and accessibility of golf, as well as constraints on women’s leisure. Secondly, the participants’ value orientationsin screen golf were manifested through the pursuit of victory and quantified competitiveness, as well as interpersonal relationships.

P16 Linear bullous aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp: an unusual presentation of a rare condition

Abstract Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a heterogenous group of congenital disorders characterized by focal or widespread absence of skin. Bullous ACC is a rare variant that presents with well-circumscribed oval lesions resembling bullae or vesicles covered with a thin membrane. There have been 20 previously reported cases of bullous ACC. We present a female neonate referred to dermatology at day 2 of life following an IVF-assisted pregnancy and delivery by elective caesarean section for breech presentation. There was no antenatal history of infection, trauma or drugs, and no relevant family history. Clinical examination of the parietal scalp revealed five well-demarcated bullae in a linear distribution along Blaschko lines. The hair collar and ‘golf club set’ signs were absent. Skin swabs for microbiology and viral studies were negative. Ultrasonography showed no associated osseous defect. Clinical examination was otherwise normal. A diagnosis of multibullous ACC was made, and a conservative approach adopted. Clinical follow up at 2 years found resorption of one bulla with flattening of the remainder. Neurodevelopment was normal. On review of the literature, 10/20 (50%) cases of bullous ACC presented with multiple bullae. The hair collar sign was positive in 50%, strengthening theories that bullous ACC may represent a ‘forme fruste’ of a neural tube defect. Four other cases reported distribution along Blashko lines, suggesting possible underlying cutaneous mosaicism. The majority (90%) had no associated cutaneous or extracutaneous findings. Clinical outcomes were good with spontaneous resorption of bullae, suggesting conservative management is appropriate in most cases.

Study on Fluctuation in the Spectrums of Torque Data During Golf Swing Due to the Mass Difference of Golf Club Shafts

Study on Fluctuation in the Spectrums of Torque Data During Golf Swing Due to the Mass Difference of Golf Club Shafts

Associations between Risk Assessments of COVID-19, Golf Club’s Risk Management, and Golf Participation

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on leisure and sport consumption. While many sports and recreational activities, including sports, were suspended to contain the spread of the virus, golf presented an opportunity for individuals to engage in outdoor activity where social distancing was possible. We investigated the importance of risk perception and safety management practices in relation to repeated leisure activity participation among recreational golfers via online survey (N = 268). The results indicated that recreational golfers’ perceived risk of leisure activity participation and perceived managerial safety climate had a significant effect, while cognitive and affective COVID-19 risk perceptions did not have a significant influence on recreational golfer’ revisit intention. The findings provide empirical evidence on how recreational golfer perceived the domain-specific risks associated with COVID-19 and managerial safety climate influence their sports and recreational activity consumption decision making.

There Is a Lot More to Transplantation Surgery Than the Surgery Itself: The "Other" Sir Peter John Morris, AC, FRS.

There Is a Lot More to Transplantation Surgery Than the Surgery Itself: The "Other" Sir Peter John Morris, AC, FRS.

A House Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand: A Case Study of the Consequences of Unshared Knowledge at a Private Golf Club and Resort

Making the right knowledge or knowledge sources available to the right people at the right time is how leaders can effectively manage knowledge in hospitality businesses. Consistent knowledge management (KM) practice among a firm’s leaders can foster innovation, faster development of services, improved administrative services, and reduced operational costs. However, inconsistent practice makes inter-unit collaboration and knowledge sharing challenging with potential deleterious outcomes. This case study focused on a private golf resort in the Southeastern United States that does not employ consistent KMP. The results were confusion, stifled innovation, and protracted processes. Implications for strategic managers as well as future research are discussed.

Using Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) to Improve Golf Club Management: The Gap between Users and Managers’ Perceptions

This work is carried out in order to provide new evidence on the usefulness of the Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) in the management of golf courses, identifying the main strengths, weaknesses, and discrepancies between managers and users. This information will make it possible to identify potentially mistaken beliefs of managers regarding the service and to design improvement strategies based on the results. The participants were 11 managers, with an average age of 35.4 years (σ 6.5), of whom 72.7% were men and 27.3% were women, and 891 users, with an average age of 47.5 years (σ 12.3), of whom 81.7% were men and 18.3% were women. The instrument used was the Q-Golf scale, and among others, it was applied to the IPA. The results obtained show how the perception of managers regarding the service is worse than that of users. Additionally, the global assessment of the users is higher than the average assessment of each of the items of the club. This positive halo effect, which is not found in the case of managers, is very interesting from the point of view of the loyalty of golf users.