Golden Orange Research Articles

Record of Fulvus Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros fulvus Gray, 1838 from Jammu and Kashmir, India

© Zoo Outreach Organisation; www.zoosprint.org Manuscript 1364; Received 23 May 2005; Finally accepted 09 December 2005; Date of publication 21 February 2006 2197 March 2006 | ISSN 0973-2535 (Print edition); 0973-2551 (Online edition) Fulvous Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros fulvus Gray, 1838 (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) is a mediumto small-sized bat with characteristically very large ears (Bates & Harrison, 1997; Roberts, 1977). The average forearm length of 40.4mm distinguishes it externally from closely resembling species H. ater Templeton, 1848 in which average forearm length is 36.3mm (Bates & Harrison, 1997). The pelage colour is variable including dull yellow, pale grey, dull brown and golden orange (Brosset, 1962). This species is endemic to the Indian subcontinent except for a marginal population in eastern Afghanistan as reported by Gaislar (1970). The recorded distribution of this species in India includes Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Orissa, Nicobar Island and perhaps absent in the North East (Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hill et al., 1986). The population of this species seems to be contiguous throughout the distributional range except for Nicobar Island (Molur et al., 2002).

Influence of harvest date on ripening and volatile compounds in the scab-resistant apple cultivar ‘Golden Orange’

SummaryThe quality of scab-resistant apple cv. ‘Golden Orange’, as influenced by harvest time, was evaluated in comparison with the scab-susceptible cv. ‘Golden Delicious’ (clone B) (Golden B). Fruits from both cultivars were harvested on three different dates and ripened at 20°C. Quality parameters at harvest [fruit mass, flesh firmness, starch hydrolysis, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA)], colour, ethylene production (EP), development of headspace volatiles during post-harvest ripening, and sugar and organic acid compositions at the end of ripening were measured. At harvest, firmness, SSC, TA, starch hydrolysis and Streif Index indicated that ‘Golden Orange’ apples were less mature than ‘Golden B’ apples, even if their skin colour was more yellow. Generally, during post-harvest ripening, ‘Golden Orange’ apples showed lower EP, lower total volatile production, and their skin turned as yellow as ‘Golden B’. ‘Golden Orange’ apples differed from ‘Golden B’ in their sugar, organic acid and volatile compound compositions. These differences were independent of harvest date and could explain the different sensory descriptions peculiar to this cultivar. Compounds that contributed most to the characteristic aroma were ethyl 2-methylbutanoate and hexyl and 2-methylbutyl acetate in ‘Golden B’ apples, and ethyl and hexyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl hexanoate and hexyl acetate in ‘Golden Orange’ fruit, at all harvest times. The concentrations of these volatiles were largely dependent on harvest date and on the length of post-harvest ripening.

Synthetic absorbent for dyestuffs based on gamma crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)

AbstractThis work reports on the characterization and uses of gamma radiation‐crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films as absorbents for different classes of dyestuffs normally released from textile factors. Dyestuffs were selected from different producers. These dyestuffs were Remacryl Blue (basic dye), Remazol Golden Orange (reactive dye), Solar Orange (direct dye), and Sandolan (acid dye). The percentage dye sorption by PVA was determined by spectroscopic analysis and color‐strength measurements of the PVA films after absorbing the different dyestuffs. The results showed that the concentration of dimethylbisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent has a great effect on the gel fraction and percentage swelling in water of the PVA polymer. In general, crosslinked PVA showed a low tendency to absorb the different dyestuffs under investigation at room temperature. This tendency was shown to increase with an increasing temperature of the dye solution from room temperature to 70°C. Meanwhile, the highest percentage of dye sorption was found in the case of the basic dye and the lowest one in the case of the reactive dye depending on the active groups on the dyes. Moreover, the percentage dye sorption by PVA was slightly higher in the acid medium rather than in the alkaline one. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 349–354, 2003

FIELD PERFORMANCE AND FRUIT QUALITY OF SCAB RESISTANT APPLE CULTIVARS IN THE LOMBARDIA (ITALY) REGION

Two experimental fields have been planted in Lombardia with scab resistant apple cultivars, one in the plane, in the Po valley (Lodi province) at 85 m above sea level, the other in Valtellina at 400 m above sea level. Eleven cultivars (Brina, Baujade, Enterprise, Golden Lasa, Golden Mira, Golden Orange, Gold Rush, Nova, Primiera, Sir Prize and Topaz) are present in both localities, five more (Criterion, Harmony Delorina, Red Early, Summerfree and Sansa) are present only at Arcagna, while seven more are present only in Valtellina (Florina, Freedom, Prima, Rajka, Rubinola, Rosana, Otava). In the Valtellina orchard there are also thirteen new cultivars not yet commercially available (CLR13T40, CLR13T45, CLR20T14, CLR20T22, CQR10T17, HER4T175, Pri Coop 11, Pri Coop 17, Pri Coop 25, Pri Coop 34, Pri 2463/101, Pri 75 441/67, PSER11T27). In both localities observations were made on the agronomic behaviour of trees (vigour and branching of shoots, susceptibility to scab or to other pathologies of leaves or fruits, fruit set, fruit bearing, etc.); phenological phases (time of budding, flowering, ripening of fruits) were recorded; fruit morphological characteristics (weight, shape, colour, skin russeting etc.) were observed at harvest. Fruits were moreover analyzed at harvest and after storage for chemical and physical characteristics. Observations on performance of cultivars and fruit quality are shown and discussed. The eleven cultivars common to both localities are compared as regards the quality of fruits grown in different environments.

MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION FOR SCAB RESISTANT APPLE

Apple scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., is of major economic importance in European commercial production. Many apple breeding programs focus on the development of high quality disease-resistant cultivars, since the pathogen requires between 15 and 25 chemical treatments, effecting both the environment and the economics of apple production. Since 1974, the section of Trento Experimental Institute of Fruit Culture, has been running a traditional breeding programme, which released, in 1997, seven scab resistant varieties. In order to reduce the long time that traditional methods require, and to verify the molecular nature of the observed resistance, we directed our effort on marker selection, supported by ISMA, where the technique has so far been developed. A population of 110 individuals, derived from a cross between the apple variety 'Chahla' (susceptible) x 'Priscilla' (resistant) was scored for response to the disease in both field trials and with marker assisted selection. The molecular analysis, conducted with the markers AM19, AL07 and M18 (Tartarini et al., 1999; Gianfranceschi et al., 1996; King et al., 1998), detects the presence of the Vf gene, introgressed from Malus floribunda 821, which confers resistance to the pathogen. In the present work, the classification of the progeny, obtained using the three markers of the Vf gene, conformed very well to the classification done by the foliar symptoms test, between resistant and susceptible individuals. The same assisted analysis was carried out on the resistant varieties released by our Institute: Golden Lasa; Golden Mira; Golden Orange; Red Earlib; Summerfree; Brina and Nova, in order to prove, by molecular approach, that the resistance source is associated to Vf. Another aspect of our research is directed towards the identification of other sources of resistance, different from Vf, like Vr (introgressed from Malus pumila R12740-7A) and Va (from Antonowka PI172612). In order to pyramid these different genes, we crossed several lines carrying the resistance sources and different quality traits: a population (TN 91 21), of about 200 individuals, selected at ISF for scab resistance in the field and derived from the cross between 'PRI1641-100' (carrying the Vr gene) x 'Priscilla' (carrying Vf) gave very promising results. A previous molecular analysis, conducted randomly on a part of the population, showed that the Vf resistance gene and the scab resistance gene present in the cultivar TN 91 21, supposed to be Vr, seem to be located in the same genomic region. The analysis of the whole population TN 91 21 allowed us to establish whether Vf and Vr present in TN 91 21 are allelic or only tightly linked and to verify if the TN 91 21 genotypes are homozygous or heterozygous for the alleles which are in coupling with the resistance gene Vf.

`Golden Tongue' Syndrome Caused by Ramichloridium schulzeri

A 54-year-old woman entered the hospital for induction chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. On hospital day 23, while the patient was neutropenic, an erosive lesion appeared on the left side of the tongue. During the next several days the lesion extended over the dorsum of the tongue and was golden orange. Surface scrapings were obtained; the involved site underwent a biopsy and was cultured. Branching septate mycelia of varying diameters were seen on microscopic examination of direct mounts and a biopsy specimen of the tongue. Eight to ten colonies of a fungus grew out in culture. The fungus was golden orange on Sabouraud's glucose agar and brown-gray on corn-meal agar, and was identified as Ramichloridium schulzeri. The lesion regressed during the next two weeks while the patient received amphotericin B therapy and showed an increased granulocyte count. This case seems to be the first authenticated infection caused by this uncommonly encountered soil saprophyte.