Varieties Golden Delicious Research Articles

Infection and Stroma Formation by Venturia inaequalis on Apple Leaves with Different Degrees of Susceptibility to Scab

AbstractConidia of Venturia inaequalis germinated and formed appressoria on all leaves independently of age and origin within the first 15 hours after inoculation. On the youngest expanded leaves of the apple variety Golden Delicious 80% of the conidia developed stromata within the first 24 hours, sporulation occurred after 8 days. On the second leaf (counted from the top of the twig) stroma formation was slowed down compared to the first and sporulation occurred after 10 days only. On the third leaf the fungus rarely formed stromata and never sporulated. The fourth leaf already showed complete ontogenetic resistance. In the diploid variety Priscilla the gene Vf, which confers resistance against scab to apple leaves, was expressed as reduced stroma formation without sporulation, as in the case of ontogenetic resistance. In the triploid variety Sir Prize with the gene Vf, stroma formation was retarded and colonization and sporulation occurred later on the first leaf, similarly to the reaction of the second leaf of variety Golden Delicious.

Apple, Insecticide Tests, 1982

Abstract Materials were applied Apr 13 (1/2 in green) and Apr 23 (pink) at Steeles Tavern. Four single-tree replicates were included for each treatment in a randomized complete block design. Trees were of the varieties Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Stayman and York. Applications were made with a truck-mounted hydraulic sprayer with a handgun attachment. On Apr 21 and May 18, 10 spurs/tree were examined for RAA infestation. On May 18 mites were sampled by processing 20 leaves/tree with a leaf-brushing machine.

Apple, Insecticide Tests, 1982

Abstract Five insecticides were evaluated against a variety of apple pests at Steeles Tavern. Four single-tree replicates per treatment were used, of the varieties Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Stayman and York, in a randomized complete block design. Spray dates were: May 13, May 25, Jun 14, Jun 30, Jul 15 and Jul 26. Applications were made with a truck-mounted hydraulic sprayer with handgun attachment. Mites were evaluated on several dates using a leaf-brushing machine and 20 leaves per sample. STLM and WAA were evaluated by mines and colonies counted per 3-min period on Jul 21 and Aug 30, respectively. Twenty leaves per tree were inspected for WALH nymphs on Aug 30. Also on that date 20 terminal shoots were inspected for PLH damage, and trees were rated on a scale of 0-10 for JB damage.

Roller-Disc Apple Bin Filler

ABSTRACT AN apple bin filler for use in conjunction with a mechanical picker was designed, built and tested. It filled a bin (24 boxes) in 1.75 min. Amount of bruising to the Red Delicious variety was acceptable for fresh market apples, but was excessive for the Golden Delicious variety. Pattern of fill was good, with some crowning which increased with intermittent feed rates.

Pre-selection of compact mutants induced by X-ray treatment in apple and pear

Mutation breeding of apple and pear started in 1965 using dormant scions which, after irradiation (X-rays), were grafted on rootstocks. The most efficient dose for apple was around 3 krad, for pear between 4.5 and 7 krad. Primarily shoots exhibiting compact traits were selected, defining such shoots as being thicker than normal for their length or shorter than normal for their diameter while having shorter internodes than normal shoots. The selection was carried out on one-season-old shoots of the same trees during three successive seasons, this involved a cut back at the end of the first and second season. The selected compact shoots yielded with apple on average four times more clones with a distinct compact habit than normal appearing shoots; four out of every five clones were found to be stable in both apple and pear. Averaging the results for apple, 7% of the surviving trees produced shoots the clones of which showed compact growth, this was only 0.5% for pear. In all several dozens of such clones were obtained of the apple varieties Golden Delicious, Cox's Orange Pippin, Belle de Boskoop and Tydeman's Early and a few distinct compact and some dwarf clones of Beurre Hardy and Doyenne du Comice.

PRODUCTIVITY OF APPLE VARIETIES DEPENDS ON SOIL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Efficient soil management systems play an important role in improving orchard fertility. They contribute to the equal distribution of organic matter throughout the soil profile. This improves the effective and potential soil fertility. The observations and records have been carried out since 2015 in the fruit-bearing apple orchard of the Dzhalka village Gudermes district of the Chechen Republic, on the varieties Golden Delicious and Granny Smith grafted on M-9. The planting scheme is 3.5 × 2.5 m, the crown shape is a growing effortlessly palmette. We studied the sod-humus system with the cereal grasses mixture sowing (smooth bromegrass, meadow fescue, Australian rye-grass, cocksfoot) and alfalfa, as well as the black fallow and green manure system with the phacelia and mustard sowing. The control is black steam. All options were tested against the background of an experiment to identify the effect of nitrogen fertilizers, which were applied in the spring at doses of N120 and N180. The control had no fertilizer. Three times repetition with 30 accounting trees in each were used. The conducted studies have shown that in intensive type apple orchards the most effective system is sod-humus or black fallow and green manure system.

Effect of Gibberellins and Cytokinins on Development of Parthenocarpic Apples

Abstract Gibberellins (GA) will stimulate parthenocarpic fruit development in apples (1, 4, 5, 9). Davison (4) found GA3 to increase fruit set in the Red Jersey variety to a greater extent than in Sturmer. Bukovac (1) observed that GA4 was more effective than GA3 in promoting fruit set in the Sops-of-Wine variety. Varga (9) reported that GA1, GA2, GA4, and GA7 promoted parthenocarpic fruit set in the Lombartscal-ville variety but not in the Winston or Golden Delicious varieties.

Effect of Gibberellins and Cytokinins on Development of Parthenocarpic Apples

Abstract Gibberellins (GA) will stimulate parthenocarpic fruit development in apples (1, 4, 5, 9). Davison (4) found GA3 to increase fruit set in the Red Jersey variety to a greater extent than in Sturmer. Bukovac (1) observed that GA4 was more effective than GA3 in promoting fruit set in the Sops-of-Wine variety. Varga (9) reported that GA1, GA2, GA4, and GA7 promoted parthenocarpic fruit set in the Lombartscal-ville variety but not in the Winston or Golden Delicious varieties.

14C‐Studies on Apple Trees. IV. Photosynthate Consumption in Fruits in Relation to the Leaf‐Fruit Ratio and to the Leaf‐Fruit Position

AbstractThe photosynthate consumption in apple fruits in relation to the leaf/fruit ratio was studied in sections of branches of the Graasten and Golden Delicious varieties by exposure to 14CO2during July and August. A significant, negative correlation was found between the fixation of 14C in the fruits in terms of percent of the total amount of 14C absorbed and the leaf/fruit ratio of the branch sections. The leaf area required for the saturation of one fruit was found to be ca. 190 and 230 cm2 (14 and 17 leaves) in the case of Golden Delicious, and ca. 400 and 670 cm2 (25 and 42 leaves) for Graasten in July and August, respectively, calculated under conditions of large leaf areas per fruit. In such cases a fairly good, reverse proportionality exists between the 14C fixation in the fruit in terms of percent and the leaf area expressed in multiples of saturation area. At low leaf/fruit ratios, however, the actual saturation area is found to be lower than the theoretically computed one.The translocation of the 14C assimilated in the leaves of the extension shoots or of spurs without fruits to fruits on other spurs was on the whole promoted by a decreasing leaf/fruit ratio in the parts in question; similarly the greatest transport took place on the side where the leaf/fruit ratio was lowest. The fixation was often greatest in the fruit closest to the treated leaves, hut in a number of cases the value was higher for the second closest or even further removed fruits. In this connection the importance of the size of the fruit and the vascular connections is discussed.

Reducing capacity, potentials and water of Apples

Apples of the York Imperial, Rome Beauty, Red Delicious and Golden Delicious varieties have been evaluated for their capacity to reduce the ceric ion and oxidation-reduction potentials, during growth and storage, and true water content during storage, at approximately biweekly intervals. Three periods of change occurred in reducing capacity throughout growth and storage. No direct relation was obtained between the ceric ion reducing capacity of the apples and the concentration of reducing sugars present. The difference in potentials between the growing and storage periods was significant at the 0.05 level; such evaluations should be a measure of the oxidative state of the fruit. True water evaluations by toluene distillation and water traps were shown to be significantly lower than those obtained by oven drying.