Golden Apple Snail Pomacea Canaliculata Research Articles

Adverse Effects of Glyphosate-Based Herbicide on Hatching Rate, Morphological Alterations, and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Expression in Golden Apple Snail Eggs

This research investigated the effects of glyphosate herbicide on golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) eggs, focusing on hatching rates, morphological changes, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression to explore its potential as a biomarker of exposure. Additionally, key bioactive components in golden apple snail eggs were characterized. The study demonstrated that glyphosate toxicity increased with both exposure time and concentration. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis revealed adverse morphological effects on eggs and embryos, including changes in shell structure and organ development. SDS-PAGE analysis identified four main protein bands, including Perivitellin 2 in three isoforms (98, 67, and 31 kDa) and Ovorubin (28 kDa). Lipids, phosphorus, and carbohydrates were identified as key components through Sudan Black B, Methyl Green, and Alcian Blue staining. AChE, with a molecular weight of 71 kDa, was further analyzed by Western blot, showing decreased expression with prolonged and higher concentrations of glyphosate exposure. GC-MS analysis identified major bioactive compounds in untreated eggs, including 3-Fluoro-β, 5-dihydroxy-N-methylbenzeneethanamine, 2-Aziridinylethylamine, and dextroamphetamine, which have pharmaceutical properties such as anti-hypertensive, diuretic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as potential applications in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. These compounds were present at lower levels in glyphosate-exposed groups, suggesting glyphosate's impact on the eggs' biochemical defense mechanisms. This study highlights the potential effects of glyphosate on golden apple snail eggs, which may have implications for future snail populations and aquatic ecosystems.

Molluscicidal activity and biochemical impacts of borrelidins against an aquatic invasive snail Pomacea canaliculata for crop protection

The invasive golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata is one of the devastating threats to aquatic ecosystems and wetland agriculture worldwide. Macrolides from microbes display various advantages over other compounds in controlling snails. However, emergence of antibiotic-resistant phenotypes against certain macrolides in the field appeals for exploring more effectively molluscicidal macrolides. Here, two borrelidins, borrelidin BN1 and BN2, from the extract of a Streptomyces strain fermentation were evaluated for molluscicidal potential against P. canaliculata using both immersion and contact bioassay methods. Borrelidin BN1 (borrelidin A) presented a significant molluscicidal activity comparable to the chemical pesticide metaldehyde, and had a much lower median lethal concentration value (LC50, 522.984 μg·ml−1) than avermectin B1 at 72 h of contact-killing treatment. Snail growth was inhibited by borrelidin BN1 more than by metaldehyde at sublethal concentrations, consistent with responses of key biochemical parameters. Exposure to borrelidin BN1 decreased the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as the levels of energy reserves and sex steroids in snail tissues, while increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO). Further application assay confirmed that borrelidin BN1 protected crop plant Zizania latifolia from P. canaliculata damage via suppressing snail population density. These findings suggest great potential of borrelidin BN1 as a molluscicide. Additionally, its higher activity than the stereoisomeric borrelidin BN2 (borrelidin F) implied better molluscicidal borrelidins could be acquired through structural optimization.

Research on the Mechanism of Metaldehyde on Pomacea canaliculata.

Golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata), a major alien invasive organism in China, affects food production and poses a threat to human health. Metaldehyde is a highly effective, commonly used snail killer with low toxicity. Virulence determination, tissue section, iTRAQ and RNA interference were used to systematically study the toxicity of metaldehyde on P. canaliculata. The molluscicidal activity tests showed that metaldehyde exhibits strong toxicity against P. canaliculata. Physiological and biochemical data indicate that metaldehyde can cause damage to the gills, liver, pancreas, and kidneys of snails, also reduce the oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of golden apple snails, and cause neurological diseases. The proteome of the gill region of the golden apple snail after exposure to metaldehyde was analyzed by using iTRAQ technology. A total of 360 differential proteins were identified, and four target proteins were screened, namely, alpha-protein kinase 1 (ALPK1), cubilin (CUBN), sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 (GAT2), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). RNAi was used to target the four proteins. After the ALPK1 and CUBN protein genes were interfered with by metaldehyde treatment, it was found that the mortality rate of the golden apple snail significantly increased. However, interference of GAT2 and AChE protein genes by metaldehyde led to no significant change in the mortality rates of the snails. The histopathological observation of the gill showed that the rate of cilia shedding in the gill decreased after the interference of ALPK1 and CUBN protein genes.

In Vivo Investigation of the Molluscicidal Effect of Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) on Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata)

One of the top 100 worst invasive species in the world is the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata). Golden apple snails damage rice crops in the Philippines annually for $1.2 billion. GAS also presents a major health danger to people by carrying Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Echinostoma ilocanum, and Schistosoma spp. Applying artificial "instant kill" molluscicides is the simplest way to reduce GAS, however, it poses negative impacts on the environment, non-target species, and human health. The study aims to extract phytochemicals from Blumea balsamifera that are effective in killing invasive snails. The extract was obtained through maceration and was then evaporated through open-dish evaporation, it was then allowed to stand for 3 days. Five treatments were made; 2 control groups: the negative control and positive control; 3 experimental groups: 50000 PPM, 150000 PPM, and 300000 PPM concentration of B. balsamifera extract. The treatments were then distributed through water treatment to the five aquariums with labels containing 10 snails each. The snails were observed for 48 hours; a 24-hour exposure period and a 24-hour recovery period. The commercial molluscicide (Niclosamide), the 150000 PPM, and the 300000 PPM concentration of B. balsamifera extract killed all 10 snails. The 50000 PPM concentration killed 3 snails, and 1 moribund which eventually died, and the other 6 were still alive. All snails in negative control were alive. The 150000 PPM and 300000 PPM concentration was found effective according to the LC50 and LC90 test. Thus, the B. balsamifera extract can be used as a molluscicide.

Radiological hazard assessment of 210Po in freshwater mussels (Sinanodonta jourdyi) and golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) in Vietnam.

210Po is a significant source of ionizing radiation that people are exposed to through food globally. This paper presents the wide range of accumulation level of 210Po in the organs of two species of shellfish including freshwater mussel (Sinanodonta jourdyi) and golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata), common freshwater species in Vietnam. There was a significant correlation between 210Po activity in muscle to their mass and size of freshwater mussels. In contrast, there was no relation between other organs of both species with their mass and size. The annual effective dose due to consumption of freshwater mussels ranged from 68.7 to 291 μSv year-1 with a mean value of 138 μSv year-1 for muscle and from 321 to 4560 μSv year-1 with a mean value of 1422 μSv year-1 for the hepatopancreas. Meanwhile, the AED for golden apple snail was recorded to be higher with values ranging from 105 to 2189 μSv year-1 with mean value of 673 μSv year-1 for muscle and from 468 to 4155 μSv year-1 with a mean value of 2332 μSv year-1 for hepatopancreas. Thus, the consumption of these two types of shellfish is considered relatively safe, but the hepatopancreas gland must be removed before processing.

Whole-genome sequencing of the invasive golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata from Asia reveals rapid expansion and adaptive evolution.

Pomacea canaliculata, an invasive species native to South America, is recognized for its broad geographic distribution and adaptability to a variety of ecological conditions. The details concerning the evolution and adaptation of P. canaliculate remain unclear due to a lack of whole-genome resequencing data. We examined 173 P. canaliculata genomes representing 17 geographic populations in East and Southeast Asia. Interestingly, P. canaliculata showed a higher level of genetic diversity than other mollusks, and our analysis suggested that the dispersal of P. canaliculata could have been driven by climate changes and human activities. Notably, we identified a set of genes associated with low temperature adaptation, including Csde1, a cold shock protein coding gene. Further RNA sequencing analysis and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments demonstrated the gene's dynamic pattern and biological functions during cold exposure. Moreover, both positive selection and balancing selection are likely to have contributed to the rapid environmental adaptation of P. canaliculata populations. In particular, genes associated with energy metabolism and stress response were undergoing positive selection, while a large number of immune-related genes showed strong signatures of balancing selection. Our study has advanced our understanding of the evolution of P. canaliculata and has provided a valuable resource concerning an invasive species.

Development and acceptability of golden apple snail (pomacea canaliculata) flavored chicharon

Development and acceptability of golden apple snail (pomacea canaliculata) flavored chicharon

Efficacy of Giant River Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Controlling the Invasive Snail Pomacea canaliculata: Implications for Ecological Farming

The invasive golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata has a strong reproductive capacity and has rapidly spread in Asian countries. Current control methods include physical, chemical, and biological approaches, but there has been limited research on the control of P. canaliculata in its different life stages. This study assessed the effectiveness of using giant river prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii in controlling juveniles of P. canaliculata through a controlled indoor experiment. The density, size, and dispersal range of recently hatched juvenile snails were significantly lower among those kept with prawns than those kept without prawns, indicating a control effect of M. rosenbergii at least on P. canaliculata juveniles. Furthermore, the study speculates on the potential application of M. rosenbergii in the context of a rice–prawn symbiotic system of ecological farming to control invasive P. canaliculata. In terms of effectiveness and safety, its application might lead to a win-win situation for both rice-farm profits and the ecological benefits of invasive species control.

Chinese Spinach (Amaranthus viridis Linn.) as Natural Molluscicide Against the Hatchability of Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) Eggs

Chinese Spinach (Amaranthus viridis Linn.) as Natural Molluscicide Against the Hatchability of Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) Eggs

A Review of the Potential of Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea Canaliculata) as a Raw Material for Aquaculture Feed

This review offers a overview of the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) as a potential raw material for aquaculture feed. The taxonomy, anatomy, habitat, life cycle, nutritional composition, and utilization prospects of this freshwater snail species are discussed. The golden apple snail's features, including its conical shell, distinct coloration, and unique respiratory system comprising gills and a lung, contribute to its adaptability and mobility in diverse environments. Its life cycle encompasses egg deposition, hatching, and subsequent growth stages, with reproductive maturity and lifespan influenced by environmental factors. With its significant calcium content and variable protein levels, the golden apple snail holds nutritional value. Consequently, it has gained attention as a promising ingredient for aquaculture feed due to its protein-rich meat

Golden apple snail management (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) using integrated pest management (IPM) and non-integrated pest management (non-IPM) on paddy cultivation

The golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) is one of the main pests of rice (Oryza sativa Linnaeus) that can be controlled by integrated pest management (IPM). This research aimed to compare the population and the attack rate of golden apple snails and rice production using IPM and non-IPM. This research was conducted from April to August 2021 in Nagari Koto Tuo Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatera. It used an experimental design that compares IPM and non-IPM treatments and analyzed with a t-test. The control techniques in the IPM were making trenches and maintaining the water level very low, using filters on water inlets and outlets, using ripe Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamark skin as bait, using botanical pesticides from Nothopanax scutellarium Merr leaves, and planting 21-day-old seedlings. The parameters observed were the attacked clumps (%), attacked tillers (%), golden apple snail population (individuals/m2), and rice production (kg/m2). The result showed that the percentage of rice clumps attacked in the IPM treatment was 11.33%, while the non-IPM treatment was 54.66%. The percentage of rice tillers attacked in the IPM treatment was 11.28%, while the non-IPM treatment was 32.51%. The population of golden apple snails in the IPM treatment was 0.19 individuals/m2, while in the non-IPM treatment was 2.04 individuals/m2. The production of rice plants under IPM treatment was 2,69 kg/m2, while the non-IPM treatment was 0,71 kg/m2. The implementation of IPM by combining various techniques effectively controlled golden apple snail attacks on clumps and tillers, and increased rice production compared to non-IPM.

Large shifts of niche and range in the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata), an aquatic invasive species

AbstractNiche and range shifts of invasive species are essential in assessing the risk of biological invasions and developing ecological niches and species distribution theories. Studies on invasive aquatic species' niche and range shifts have important implications for conserving aquatic invasive ecosystems. Here we used niche and range dynamic models to explore niche and range shifts of the golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata, one of the world's most invasive aquatic species. The major factors responsible for P. canaliculata niche shifts in native and invaded regions were minimum temperature of the coldest month and precipitation in the warmest quarter. The niche and range of invasive P. canaliculata snails were not conserved relative to their native counterparts and had a broader niche and larger range, which are consistent with the findings that invasive P. canaliculata snails could survive in colder, hotter, drier, and wetter climates. Given that niche nonconservatism could result in range nonconservatism and small increases in niche breadth could induce large range expansions, niche shifts might provide a more sensitive indicator of invasion risk than range shifts. In contrast to most invasive species that show conservatism of their native niches, we observed high niche lability between the P. canaliculata snails in the native and invaded regions. Our findings indicate that the golden apple snail is a high‐risk invasive aquatic species for its ability to aggressively proliferate through its rapid reproduction rate, fast growth as suggested by previous studies, and also for its highly labile niches and ranges, which facilitates adaptation to the climate of the introduced regions.

Responses of survival, growth, and feeding of the invasive Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata) to salinity stress

The Golden Apple Snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamark, 1822) is one of the most aggressive invasive freshwater snails and has been found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Their presence threatens trophic structure in invaded ecosystems (e.g., wetlands) and harms human health both directly (e.g., as a vector of parasites) and indirectly (e.g., through altering the provision of ecosystem services from uninvaded ecosystems). The tolerance of Golden Apple Snails to saltwater is of concern because they may pose an invasion risk into estuary habitats. We studied the salinity tolerance of Golden Apple Snails by determining differences in their survival, growth, and feeding at 5 salinity levels (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 practical salinity units [PSU]) over 30 d. Artificial seawater was prepared with aerated tap water and synthetic sea salt, consisting of NaCl (68.88%), KCl (1.79%), CaCl2 (2.55%), MgCl2 (8.67%), MgSO4 (5.36%), and NaHCO3 (12.75%). Snails were classified into 3 life stages based on shell length: juvenile (10–19.99 mm), mature (20–29.99 mm), and old snails (30–39.99 mm). Snails at all 3 life stages survived in salinities of 0 to 5.0 PSU but died within 9 d in salinities of 7.5 and 10.0 PSU. The survival percentage of snails decreased in the order: mature > old > juvenile. Snails across all life stages had reduced shell and mass growth with salinity exposure, but their feeding rate in salinity 2.5 and 5.0 PSU became similar to the control group after 23 d. Generally, Golden Apple Snails may live in waters of ≤5.0 PSU. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the activity of Golden Apple Snails in tropical and subtropical areas with salinities ≤5.0 PSU, which would be important for protecting against the snails’ destructive effects on productive resources.

Comparison of gut microbiome in the Chinese mud snail (Cipangopaludina chinensis) and the invasive golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata).

BackgroundGut microbiota play a critical role in nutrition absorption and environmental adaptation and can affect the biological characteristics of host animals. The invasive golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) and native Chinese mud snail (Cipangopaludina chinensis) are two sympatric freshwater snails with similar ecological niche in southern China. However, gut microbiota comparison of interspecies remains unclear. Comparing the difference of gut microbiota between the invasive snail P. canaliculata and native snail C. chinensis could provide new insight into the invasion mechanism of P.canaliculata at the microbial level.MethodsGut samples from 20 golden apple snails and 20 Chinese mud snails from wild freshwater habitats were collected and isolated. The 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 region of the gut microbiota was analyzed using high throughput Illumina sequencing.ResultsThe gut microbiota dominantly composed of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Epsilonbacteraeota at phylum level in golden apple snail. Only Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in Chinese mud snail. Alpha diversity analysis (Shannon and Simpson indices) showed there were no significant differences in gut microbial diversity, but relative abundances of the two groups differed significantly (P < 0.05). Beta diversity analysis (Bray Curtis and weighted UniFrac distance) showed marked differences in the gut microbiota structure (P < 0.05). Unique or high abundance microbial taxa were more abundant in the invasive snail compared to the native form. Functional prediction analysis indicated that the relative abundances of functions differed significantly regarding cofactor prosthetic group electron carrier and vitamin biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis (P < 0.05). These results suggest an enhanced potential to adapt to new habitats in the invasive snail.

Control of the Invasive Agricultural Pest Pomacea canaliculata with a Novel Molluscicide: Efficacy and Safety to Nontarget Species.

The golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata is an invasive pest that causes extensive damage to agricultural production. P. canaliculata is also an intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which causes human eosinophilic meningitis. In this study, the molluscicidal activity and safety profile of a novel molluscicide PBQ [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea] were evaluated. PBQ exhibited strong molluscicidal potency against adult and juvenile snails (LC50 values of 0.39 and 0.07 mg/L, respectively). In field trials, PBQ killed 99.42% of the snails at 0.25 g a.i./m2. An acute toxicity test in rats demonstrated that PBQ is a generally nonhazardous chemical. PBQ is also generally safe for nontarget organisms including Brachydanio rerio, Daphnia magna, and Apis mellifera L. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that PBQ had a significant impact on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism pathways, which provided insights into its molluscicidal mechanism. These results suggest that PBQ could be developed as an effective and safe molluscicide for P. canaliculata control.

THE MOLLUSCICIDAL EFFECT OF THE STEM EXTRACTS OF Tinospora crispa IN CONTROLLING THE GOLDEN APPLE SNAIL Pomacea canaliculata

This study investigated the molluscicidal effect of the stem extracts of Tinospora crispa in controlling the golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata. Extracts were prepared in four solvents, i.e., hexane, chloroform, methanol, and distilled water at three concentrations (1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 ppm) per solvent. The phytochemical contents of the extracts were qualitatively identified, and the lethal concentration (LC50) of the extracts for mollusicicidal potential was determined using the probit analysis. The effect of T. crispa extracts on the snail was monitored for three days and the snail mortality was recorded every 24 h. The stem extract prepared in methanol at 10,000 ppm showed the highest molluscicidal effect with a mortality of 80% at 72 h. Phytochemicals identified in the stem extracts included alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, tannin, and terpenoids. Based on the probit analysis, stem extracts of T. crispa prepared in methanol showed the lowest LC50 value of 3,428 ppm for mollusicicidal potential and followed by extracts prepared in chloroform, hexane, and distilled water at 5,888, 14,771, and 14,993 ppm, respectively.

The population of Solenopsis sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in four condition of rice Held embankment

Fire red ants (Solenopsis sp.) as the predators often found in rice fields. Although many farmers not yet know well this potential insects, in Philippines, this adaptive predator has been used to control golden apple snail with satisfying results. In a period of two days, predatory ants able destroyed 50% the eggs of golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata attached to the leaves of rice plants. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of characteristic differences vegetation of rice field bund to the diversity of ants in the habitat. Research data collection was conducted in Manggala district, Makassar. Identification and observation of ants species was held at the Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The research was held from March to May 2018. The results was showed that the bund contain banana tree vegetation had the highest Solenopsis sp. population with 288 individuals. The lowest on the embankment with broad leaf vegetation only 29 individuals. The highest number of individual ants was found in Solenopsis sp. with 353 individuals, then the lowest is Tetramorium sp. with 2 individuals. The difference conditions of vegetation bund showed greatly affects in the number of ants due to differences in the conditions needs of each ant species for their suitable habitat.

First Taxonomic Records of Epizoic Freshwater Algae on Golden Apple Snails (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) from Rice Paddies in Laguna (Philippines)

In rice paddies where hard substrate is considered as a limiting resource, the hard shell of mollusks can serve as a primary settling space of algal epibionts. The study presents the first taxonomic survey to report and describe epizoic algae in freshwater snail – golden apple snail (GAS) (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) – found in agricultural areas. A total of 17 microalgal taxa belonging to 12 orders, 16 families, and 17 genera were taxonomically identified and described from the collected samples, all of which are considered new distributional records of microalgae in the Philippines. The study shows Cyanobacteria (six species) as the main group of epizoic microalgae present in shell surfaces of the mollusk, followed by Bacillariophyceae (four species), Chlorophyceae (three species), Zygnematophyceae (two species), Trebouxiophyceae (one species), and Euglenophyceae (one species). Also, the survey reported the occurrence of a photosynthetic euglenoid, Phacus hamatus Pochmann, described for the first time in the Philippines. Diagnostic descriptions and taxonomic keys are presented to differentiate the epizoic algal taxa associated with GAS. The survey shows important taxonomic records on the composition and species diversity of epizoic algae from freshwater snails found in terrestrial habitats of the Philippines.

Shell morphology of golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata) from several rice fields in Bali, Indonesia

Golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) has wide adaptability and rice fields are ones of the habitats for the snail. Golden apple snail has phenotypic variations. This study conducted to determine the morphology of golden apple snail from several rice fields in Bali, Indonesia. Samples were taken at twelve locations in three districts. Three rice fields were taken in each location. Samples were taken in quadrate plot of 1x1m at four points each rice field. The morphological of the golden apple snail samples were observed. The results showed that the golden apple snail shells found in all locations has a variety of colors. The color was yellowish to dark brown. The shell also has a shell band and the shell band vary in their appearance. The color of the shell band was more visible on the darker shell. Range of shell heights found in all locations was 8.7-61.5 mm. Most of the golden apple snails found in all location was adult snails.

Effects of co-occurrence of invading Procambarus clarkii and Pomacea canaliculata on Vallisneria denseserrulata-dominated clear-water ecosystems: a mesocosm approach

Single invaders often substantially alter ecosystems, but the potential impacts by multiple invaders remain understudied. The golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) and the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) are two widespread coinvaders. To test the effects of co-occurrence of the two species on a clear-water macrophyte state, we performed a 20-day experiment in 16 mesocosms (4 contained only two snails, 4 contained only two crayfishes, 4 contained two snails and two crayfishes, and 4 controls). Comparing with the control, the leaf length, number, and biomass of Vallisneria denseserrulata had decreased in the snail-only and crayfish-only treatments. In the crayfish-only treatment, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total suspended solids had increased compared with the control, while they did not differ between the snail-only and the control treatment. Nutrients and turbidity concentrations did not differ between the snail + crayfish and the crayfish-only treatment, and plant biomass did not differ between the snail + crayfish and the snail-only treatment. These findings suggest that golden apple snails mainly affected the lake ecosystem by plant grazing, while red swamp crayfishes disturbed the sediment by increasing nutrients in the water and through resuspension. These snail and crayfish together had mainly additive effects on macrophyte and the physico-chemical variables studied.