Gold Particles Research Articles

Functional Immunoaffinity 3D Magnetic Core-Shell Nanometallic Structure for High-Efficiency Separation and Label-Free SERS Detection of Exosomes.

Tumor exosomes, known as maternal cell messengers, play an important role in cancer occurrence, proliferation, metastasis, immune escape, drug resistance, and other processes and are an entry point for cancer research. However, there is still a lack of an efficient detection technology for exosomes. In this study, the ultrahigh sensitivity SERS nanoprobe with a three dimensional (3D) magnetic core/Au nanocolumn/Au nanoparticles shell strongly coupling multistage structure (Fe3O4@NR-NPs) was constructed by crystal growth of nanocrystals in the confined space of a central radiating single particle mesoporous molecular sieve channel and strong coupling secondary growth of gold particles. The exosomes were confined onto the "hot spot" of plasmonic nanoparticles and rapidly enriched by CD63 antibody functional-Fe3O4@NR-NPs to achieve high sensitivity detection, with the limit of detection of 1 × 103 particles/mL (S/N = 3). The spectral data set of different exosomes is applied to train for multivariate classification of cell types and to estimate how the normal exosome data resemble cancer cell exosomes by principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, this detection method has also been successfully employed for the detection of exosomes in complex samples; this proves that the proposed SERS-based method is a promising tool for clinical cancer screening.

Assessment of Gold and Mercury Losses in an Artisanal Gold Mining Site in Nigeria and Its Implication on the Local Economy and the Environment

The objective of this work was to establish the gold and mercury losses in an artisanal mining deposit (Uke) in Nigeria to convince miners about their inefficiency and suggest changes in their gold extraction practices. Samples of feeds and tailings from five sluice box concentration processes previously ground in hammer mills below 1 mm (P80 = 0.5 mm) were systematically sampled every 15 min. for 4 h and sent for gold analyses by a fire assay and intensive cyanidation. Dry grain size analyses of primary and amalgamation tailings allowed us to find out in which size fraction gold and mercury are lost. Total mercury losses in sixteen operations were obtained by weighing mercury at the beginning and in all steps of the concentrates’ amalgamation. After analyses, the average gold grade in the feed resulted in 3.80 ± 1.52 ppm (two standard deviations). The gold recovery was 29.24 ± 13.24%, which is low due to a lack of liberation of the fine gold particles from the gangue (silicates). Finer grinding would be necessary. The mercury balance revealed that 42% of the mercury added is lost, in which 26% involves tailings and 16% evaporated. The HgLost-to-AuProduced ratio was found to be 3.35 ± 9.46, which is exceedingly high for this type of amalgamation process that should have this ratio around 1. One reason is the excessive amount of mercury in the amalgams, 76.5 ± 38.12%, when the normal is around 40%–50%. Mercury lost by evaporation in open bonfires is clearly contaminating amalgamation operators (usually children), neighbours, and the environment. The Hg-contaminated tailings and primary tailings are sold to local cyanidation plants, and this can form toxic soluble Hg(CN)2 in the process. The results of this research were brought to the attention of the miners and other stakeholders, including the regulatory agencies of the government. The % gold recovery by amalgamation was established in this study, but if this process recovers 50 to 60% of the liberated gold particles in a concentrate and 30% of gold was recovered in the sluice boxes, then the total gold recovery should be between 15 and 20; i.e., 80 to 85% of gold mined is lost. On average, an operation produces 8.26 g of gold/month, which is split to six miners, representing USD 69/month/miner or USD 2.3/day. It was discussed with miners, authorities, and community members (in particular female miners) how to avoid exposure to mercury, how to improve gold recovery without mercury, and the health and environmental effects of this pollutant.

A Study of Flash Memory Type Synaptic Single Devices Manufactured Using Gold Particles

A Study of Flash Memory Type Synaptic Single Devices Manufactured Using Gold Particles

Biogenically synthesized gold nanocarrier ameliorated antiproliferative and apoptotic efficacy of doxorubicin against lung cancer.

Conventional chemotherapy treatment is commonly linked to significant side effects due to high therapeutic doses. In this regard, nanoformulations with chemotherapeutic medications hold promise in enhancing drug effectiveness through the reduction of therapeutic dosages, thereby mitigating the potential for adverse side effects. Because of numerous applications in the biomedical arena, there has been a rising interest in developing an environmentally acceptable, long-lasting, and affordable technique for the production of gold nanoparticles. In this particular context, the incorporation of plant extracts in the production of metallic nanoparticles has garnered the interest of numerous scholars. Here, we report the synthesis of gold particles by the green method using Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract and their conjugation with doxorubicin. The gold nanoparticles were synthesized by using Cannabis sativa extract and were characterized with various biophysical techniques. Subsequently, gold nanoparticles were conjugated with doxorubicin and their efficacy was tested on A549 cells. The biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles was ascertained through an absorption peak at a wavelength of 524nm, and it was shifted to 527nm when conjugated with doxorubicin. Nanoparticles were found to be stable exhibiting a zeta potential value of -20.1mV, and it changed to -12.7mV when loaded with doxorubicin. The hydrodynamic diameter of nanoparticles was determined to be 45.64nm and it was increased to 58.95nm when conjugated with the drug. The average size of nanoparticles analyzed by TEM was found to be approximately 17.2nm, while it was 23.5nm in the case of drug-nanoconjugate. Moreover, there was a significant amelioration in the antiproliferative potential of doxorubicin against lung cancer A549 cells when delivered with gold nanocarrier, which was evident by the lower IC50 and IC75 values of drug-nanoconjugates in comparison to drug alone. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of drug-nanoconjugates and drug alone was characterized by alteration in the cell morphology, nuclear condensation, increased production of reactive oxygen species, abrogation of mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhanced caspase activities in A549 cells. In sum, our results suggested enhanced efficacy of doxorubicin-gold nanoconjugates, indicating effective delivery of doxorubicin inside the cell by gold nanoparticles.

Native gold from alluvial deposits of the Kyvvozhsky district and its probable primary sources (Volsko-Vymskoe rise, Middle Timan)

Based on the study of typomorphic features of gold from alluvial deposits of the Kyvvozh region of Middle Timan, including industrial placers, the most probable genetic types of primary sources were determined. The size of gold particles varies widely, reaching the size of small nuggets; along with rounded ones, there are weakly rounded and unrounded particles. Many of them have undergone repeated deformations in the form of envelope-shaped bends, dents and tears. Most gold coins have high-fineness rims. Gold always contains Ag, sometimes Cu, Pd and Cu. Gold particles with a block structure with high-silver vein zones are often found. In intergrowths with gold and in the form of inclusions are noted in it pyrite, galena, and occasionally minerals of the cobaltine-gersdorfite series, ankerite, galenobismutite, native bismuth, aurostibite, and also sudovikovite (PtSe2), which was first identified in the region. Three types of gold have been identified: 1 – homogeneous silver-containing, 2 – block with highly silvery vein-like zones, 3 – rare silver-containing with impurities of Cu, Pd. The morphology, composition and structure of placer gold indicate its entry into placers from various sources, including nearby sources. Of greatest interest are the zones of development in Riphean rocks of hydrothermal veinlet-disseminated sulfide mineralization, oriented in the northwest direction, partially exposed during the development of placers. Gold with Cu and Pd impurities is most likely associated with derivatives of mafic magmatism. The Volsko-Vymskoe, as well as the Tsilemskoe and Chetlasskoe uplifts of Middle Timan can be considered promising in terms of primary gold content and deserve further study and prospecting.

Nano-sized gold particles driven interfacial reaction for the enhanced electrochemical nitrite sensing

Nitrite is a typical food additive and chemical fertilizer, which could pose toxicity to human and aquatic organisms when it is excessive. Therefore, it is meaningful to develop reliable analytical methods for nitrite detection. In this work, an innovative electrochemical nitrite sensor has been fabricated using In2O3 decorated with high-activity nano-sized Au particles (Au/In2O3), which were synthesized through a two-step synthetic method combining hydrothermal reaction and deposition-precipitation, resulting in an excellent sensing performance for the nitrite. Specifically, the electrochemical nitrite sensor based on Au/In2O3 exhibits high sensitivity with a linear detection range from 10 μM to 5 mM at pH 7.38. Additionally, the Au/In2O3 based nitrite sensor shows a detection limit of 0.46 μM and presents impressive selectivity and stability. The extraordinary nitrite sensing performance can be attributed to the excellent catalytic activity of nano-sized Au particles and the strong interfacial reaction between Au/In2O3 and nitrite. Furthermore, theoretical calculations reveal the interfacial reactions mechanism driven by Au particles, which enhance the charge transfer between Au/In2O3 and nitrite and thus improve its electrochemical sensing performance. This work presents a novel approach towards fabricating high-performance electrochemical nitrite sensor and reveals the enhanced interfacial reaction mechanism of nano-sized Au particles.

Expanding the field of view - a simple approach for interactive visualisation of electron microscopy data.

The unparalleled resolving power of electron microscopy is both a blessing and a curse. At 30,000× magnification, 1 µm corresponds to 3 cm in the image and the field of view is only a few micrometres or less, resulting in an inevitable reduction in the spatial data available in an image. Consequently, the gain in resolution is at the cost of loss of the contextual 'reference space', which is crucial for understanding the embedded structures of interest. This problem is particularly pronounced in immunoelectron microscopy, where the detection of a gold particle is crucial for the localisation of specific molecules. The common solution of presenting high-magnification and overview images side by side often insufficiently represents the cellular environment. To address these limitations, we propose here an interactive visualization strategy inspired by digital maps and GPS modules which enables seamless transitions between different magnifications by dynamically linking virtual low magnification overview images with primary high-resolution data. By enabling dynamic browsing, it offers the potential for a deeper understanding of cellular landscapes leading to more comprehensive analysis of the primary ultrastructural data.

Intestinal Region-Dependent Impact of NFκB-Nrf Crosstalk in Myenteric Neurons and Adjacent Muscle Cells in Type 1 Diabetic Rats.

Type 1 diabetes affects cytokines as potential inducers of NFκB signalling involved in inflammation and neuronal survival. Our goal was to assess the expression of NFκB p65 and its negative regulator, Nrf2, in myenteric neurons and adjacent smooth muscle of different gut segments after chronic hyperglycaemia and immediate insulin treatment. After ten weeks of hyperglycaemia, intestinal samples of control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats were prepared for fluorescent immunohistochemistry, immunogold electron microscopy, ELISA and qPCR. In the diabetic rats, the proportion of NFκB p65-immunoreactive myenteric neurons decreased significantly in the duodenum and increased in the ileum. The density of NFκB p65-labelling gold particles increased in the ileal but remained unchanged in the duodenal ganglia. Meanwhile, both total and nuclear Nrf2 density increased in the myenteric neurons of the diabetic duodenum. In smooth muscle, NFκB p65 and Nrf2 density increased in the small intestine of diabetic rats. While on the mRNA level, NFκB p65 and Nrf2 were induced, on the protein level, NFκB p65 increased and Nrf2 decreased in muscle/myenteric plexus homogenates. Insulin treatment had protective effects. Our findings reveal a segment-specific NFκB and Nrf expression in myenteric neurons and ganglionic muscular environments, which may contribute to regional neuronal survival and motility disturbances in diabetes.

ExoSloNano: Multi-Modal Nanogold Tags for identification of Macromolecules in Live Cells & Cryo-Electron Tomograms.

In situ cryo-Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM) enables the direct interrogation of structure-function relationships by resolving macromolecular structures in their native cellular environment. Tremendous progress in sample preparation, imaging and data processing over the past decade has contributed to the identification and determination of large biomolecular complexes. However, the majority of proteins are of a size that still eludes identification in cellular cryo-EM data, and most proteins exist in low copy numbers. Therefore, novel tools are needed for cryo-EM to identify the vast majority of macromolecules across multiple size scales (from microns to nanometers). Here, we introduce and validate novel nanogold probes that enable the detection of specific proteins using cryo-ET (cryo-Electron Tomography) and resin-embedded correlated light and electron microscopy (CLEM). We demonstrate that these nanogold probes can be introduced into live cells, in a manner that preserves intact molecular networks and cell viability. We use this system to identify both cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins by room temperature EM, and resolve associated structures by cryo-ET. We further employ gold particles of different sizes to enable future multiplexed labeling and structural analysis. By providing high efficiency protein labeling in live cells and molecular specificity within cryo-ET tomograms, we establish a broadly enabling tool that significantly expands the proteome available to electron microscopy.

Surface treatment of metal by combined particle beam

This work is related to modeling of metal surface modification process by combined particles beam. On the basis of thermodynamics of irreversible processes, including equations of state in differential form, a nonlinear model is formulated. The model takes into account the interaction of thermal, diffusion and mechanical waves and finiteness of relaxation times of thermal and diffusion processes. For the combined particle flow such model is proposed for the first time. The numerical algorithm is based on implicit difference schemes. The study of the interaction of waves of different nature is carried out on the example of a copper target treated with nickel and gold particles. It is shown that deformations take the maximal value at the left boundary, which is directly related to the presence of impurity concentration gradients. Depending on the pulse duration, the difference between the extrema on the elastic wave becomes less significant. With increasing temperature, obviously, the diffusion process accelerates. The propagation velocities of the interacting waves are different. The character of distributions of concentrations of introduced particles directly depends on the value of parameters proportional to relaxation times.

Selective Voltammetric Determination of Paracetamol and Acyclovir on an Electrode Modified with Reduced Graphene Oxide and Gold Particles

Selective Voltammetric Determination of Paracetamol and Acyclovir on an Electrode Modified with Reduced Graphene Oxide and Gold Particles

PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF SUVARNA BHASMA AND SUVARNA PRASHA USING ADVANCED TECHNIQUES

Background: Suvarna Prashana is an ancient Indian practice that boosts immunity, intelligence, memory, complexion, and virility and prevents infections in children. However, the characterisation of the drug is very limited. Material and Method: In this study, the physicochemical characterisation of Suvarna Bhasma is done with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive Xray Analysis (EDAX ), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Suvarna Prash containing 15 mg of Suvarna Bhasma mixed with 0.25 ml of ghee and 0.75 ml of honey is characterised with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) with Suvarna Bhasma. Results: SEM revealed that gold particles of Suvarna Bhasma ranged from 27 nm - 8.1 µm and formed spherical aggregates of varied sizes with rough surfaces. EDAX suggested that Suvarna Bhasma contained Gold (86.3%), Oxygen (3.14%), and Carbon (10.52%). TEM reported that the particle size ranged from 2.2 to 18.9 nm, which existed in polycrystalline form as suggested by XRD. XPS confirmed the elemental state of gold Au(0), Silver-Ag +oxidation state, Carbon C-C, C=O, and C-N, where carbon is bonding with carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. FTIR revealed that Suvarna Bhasma alone had a single functional group of alkynes. When Suvarna Bhasma was triturated with honey and ghee, many functional groups were added to Suvarna Bhasma, i.e. fats, carbohydrates and amino acids. Conclusion: In this novel study, FTIR of Suvarna Prasha is reported for the first time, and it can be used as a fingerprint for drug identification. Also, it proves that Suvarna Bhasma, used in the current study, is a pure form of gold without heavy metals like mercury.

Ruthenium-based microstructures modified by gold particles as composite electrode material for non-enzymatic epinephrine detection

A simple and efficient technique for voltammetric enzymeless detection of epinephrine (EP) was proposed. In this technique, we applied hierarchical Ru-based electrode modified by Au nano- to micro-sized particles that was fabricated using laser-assisted synthesis. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were employed to characterize electrochemical properties of the fabricated electrode material. For EP detection, we obtained two DPV calibration curves that were linear in the range of 0.05–5 μM and 5–500 μM. The highest sensitivity (45.0 μA μM−1 cm−2) and the lowest detection limit (6.4 nM) were observed for the first linear range, whereas the estimated sensitivity and limit of detection for the second linear range were 2.0 μA μM−1 cm−2 and 18.7 nM, respectively. We also demonstrated that the proposed technique can be used for selective EP determination in the presence of such common interfering analytes as ascorbic acid and dopamine. The results of this study can be potentially used for development of low-cost voltammetric sensor platforms for non-enzymatic epinephrine detection.

Cascade catalyzed dual-responsive Gold-Ferri “bomb-like” nanoreactors for positive feedback penetrating in sequential targeted triple glioblastoma therapy

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, with an overall median survival of less than two years after resection. The urgent goal in pre-clinical investigations is to develop effective therapeutic strategies to prolong the GBM patients’ survival and improve the poor prognosis. Although various inorganic nanoplatforms have been applied in GBM treatment, they still face obstacles such as poor brain targeting, low tumor effective penetration, and serious monotherapy resistance. Here, we designed an environmental-dependent tumor-killing nanoreactor (RFcAD) with a gold-ferri nanoagglomerates form structure that effectively inhibits GBM proliferation via catalyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, exhausting glucose, and NIR-based photothermal therapy. With iRGD decoration, RFcAD can effectively penetrate the blood–brain barrier and target GBM. The “bomb-like” structured RFcAD exhibited a glutathione (GSH)-responsive release of toxicity agent DM1 and pH-dependent nanoagglomerates degradation with gold particles and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONS) release. Gold particles and SPIONS destroy GBM cells as chemodynamic therapy agents via exhibiting a glucose oxidase (GOx)-like and peroxide (POx)-like catalytic ability to generate cytotoxic ROS and exhaust intracellular glucose, respectively. Synergistic with DM1-based chemotherapy and NIR-induced photothermal therapy, RFcAD can significantly reduce GBM proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. This work highlights that the RFcAD nanoreactor can benefit GBM inhibition by improving tumor targeting, tissue penetration, and cytotoxicity.

Ototoxicity-related changes in GABA immunolabeling within the rat inferior colliculus

Several studies suggest that hearing loss results in changes in the balance between inhibition and excitation in the inferior colliculus (IC). The IC is an integral nucleus within the auditory brainstem. The majority of ascending pathways from the lateral lemniscus (LL), superior olivary complex (SOC), and cochlear nucleus (CN) synapse in the IC before projecting to the thalamus and cortex. Many of these ascending projections provide inhibitory innervation to neurons within the IC. However, the nature and the distribution of this inhibitory input have only been partially elucidated in the rat. The inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), from the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL), provides the primary inhibitory input to the IC of the rat with GABA from other lemniscal and SOC nuclei providing lesser, but prominent innervation.There is evidence that hearing related conditions can result in dysfunction of IC neurons. These changes may be mediated in part by changes in GABA inputs to IC neurons. We have previously used gene micro-arrays in a study of deafness-related changes in gene expression in the IC and found significant changes in GAD as well as the GABA transporters and GABA receptors (Holt 2005). This is consistent with reports of age and trauma related changes in GABA (Bledsoe et al., 1995; Mossop et al., 2000; Salvi et al., 2000). Ototoxic lesions of the cochlea produced a permanent threshold shift. The number, intensity, and density of GABA positive axon terminals in the IC were compared in normal hearing and deafened rats. While the number of GABA immunolabeled puncta was only minimally different between groups, the intensity of labeling was significantly reduced. The ultrastructural localization and distribution of labeling was also examined. In deafened animals, the number of immuno gold particles was reduced by 78 % in axodendritic and 82 % in axosomatic GABAergic puncta. The affected puncta were primarily associated with small IC neurons. These results suggest that reduced inhibition to IC neurons contribute to the increased neuronal excitability observed in the IC following noise or drug induced hearing loss. Whether these deafness diminished inhibitory inputs originate from intrinsic or extrinsic CNIC sources awaits further study.

Design of a facile and highly sensitive electrochemical impedimetric aptasensor for detection of 17β-estradiol

In this work, a facile, rapid and label-free electrochemical (EC) impedimetric aptasensor was developed for detecting 17β-estradiol (E2) based on gold particles (Au NPs) signal amplification. The aptamer was used as the recognition and capture unit to label on the surface of Au NPs. The anti-E2 aptamer labelled Au NPs (apt-Au NPs) were then anchored on the complementary DNA-immobilized gold electrode surface by hybridization. Owing to the large surface, good biocompatibility and high conductivity, Au NPs can not only provide a wonderful microenvironment for aptamer, but also play a signal amplification role, improve analytical performance of the EC sensing platform. Due to the high affinity and specificity of aptamer to E2, the formed aptamer-E2 complexes with poor conductivity increase the electron transfer resistance (Ret). Quantitative analysis for E2 was performed based on the correlation between the change of the Ret and E2 concentrations. The developed sensor exhibited excellent analytical performance with high sensitivity, selectivity and good stability for the detection of E2. The detection limit for E2 is 0.053 pM, with a linear response ranging 0.1–200 pM. Meanwhile, its application in real environmental samples was evaluated and satisfying results were achieved.

Towards an understanding of particle-scale flaws and microstructure evolution in cold spray via accumulation of single particle impacts

Cold spray coatings are the sum of countless individual bonding events between single particles impacting on top of one another at high velocities. Thus, the collective behavior of microparticles must be considered to elucidate the origins of coating flaws at the scale of the particles and larger, or the dynamic evolution of the overall coating microstructure. Laser-induced particle impact testing (LIPIT) has been extensively used to study single-particle impacts, and in this work is adapted to study the accumulation of numerous particles with knowledge of each individual particle's impact parameters (particle size, velocity). The method reproducibly deposits stacks of gold particles (>20 particles) with different characteristic spectra of impact velocity. The observation of impact-induced erosion lets us define a critical velocity for material-build-up that is higher than that for single-particle bonding. The quantitative single-particle data are analyzed in a correlative manner to the structure and flaws in the resulting stacks, providing some first statistical connections between, e.g., strain and recrystallization, or aberrant particle characteristics and defects. The results highlight opportunities for the study of many-particle phenomena in microparticle impact—from interaction of particles in cold spray to multi-step erosion processes—with a quantitative view of the behavior of single particles.

Redistribution of fine gold from hydrothermal sources to sedimentary sinks, Rakaia River, Canterbury, New Zealand

ABSTRACT The Rakaia River in the South Island of New Zealand is a unique catchment in which to trace active detrital gold transport, deformation and concentration from near-coeval orogenic sources. The catchment hosts widespread small late Cenozoic hydrothermal alteration zones, some of which are gold-bearing, in actively rising and eroding mountain headwaters. Detrital gold liberated from the sources is distinctively porous with abundant micron-scale silicate inclusions, especially albite. Fine gold (∼200–100 µm) has been transported >100 km downstream, but coarse gold remains highly diluted in proximal fluvial sediments. Fine gold is also diluted by coarse fluvial sediments that form the upper kilometre of the Canterbury sedimentary basin southeast of the mountain front. Minor re-concentration of fine gold occurs in a bedrock gorge at the mountain front, and on steep ocean beaches beyond the river mouth. Despite the long-distance transport, the fine gold particles have been only superficially modified by surface smearing and minor flattening. The gold may have travelled in suspension in the river, buoyed by electrostatically adhering fine micas, in contrast to detrital garnets that were rounded in bed-load. In contrast, detrital gold on the western side of the mountains has been flattened to thin flakes during bed-load transport.

Flow-Injection Amperometric Determination of Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, and Cefoperazone Using an Electrode Modified with a Binary System of Gold Particles and Mixed-Valent Ruthenium Oxides

Flow-Injection Amperometric Determination of Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, and Cefoperazone Using an Electrode Modified with a Binary System of Gold Particles and Mixed-Valent Ruthenium Oxides

Deciphering ore-forming fluid evolution processes of the Yuerya gold deposit, eastern Hebei, China: Insights from pyrite texture, trace element and sulfur isotope compositions

The Yuerya gold deposit, a representative gold deposit associated with Mesozoic granites in the eastern Hebei region, is located in the eastern Hebei-western Liaoning gold ore-concentrated area, the northern margin of the North China Plate. The orebody is mainly preserved in the Yanshanian granite and its contact zone with the carbonate rocks of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation, and the main ore mineral is pyrite. Based on the pyrite texture, geochemical characteristics of the in-situ trace element analysis, and sulfur isotope, the pyrite in the mining area is classified into five generations (Py1, Py2, Py3, Py4a, and Py4b). Five generations of pyrite all have an average Te/Se ratio > 1, and their average Co/Ni ratios are 1087.27, 43.97, 4.17, 12.62, and 4.99, respectively, indicating that the ore-forming fluid predominantly originates from magmatic-hydrothermal. In-situ sulfur isotopic analysis using LA–MC–ICP–MS shows that the δ34S values of the five generations of pyrites ranged from 0.3 ‰ to 9.6 ‰; the mean values are 3.8 ‰ (Py1, n = 4), 4.2 ‰ (Py2, n = 10), 2.6 ‰ (Py3, n = 18), 4.0 ‰ (Py4a, n = 20) and 4.6 ‰ (Py4b, n = 29), respectively. Approximately 32 % of the results exceed 5.0 ‰, surpassing the values indicative of a magmatic-hydrothermal source. Thermodynamic simulations reveal that the fluctuations in the oxidation state of the ore-forming fluid is not the predominant cause of δ34S enrichment in the pyrite. Our studies suggest that sulfur is primarily derived from mantle-crust mixtures, with some contributions from the wallrock of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation. The results from LA–ICP–MS trace element analysis of pyrites reveal a significant enrichment of As-Bi-Te-Tl alongside Au in the ore-forming fluid. Additionally, the results of ore-forming elements in three typical cross sections of different wallrocks in the mining area also show that Au, Ag, As, and Pb are closely related. Therefore, it is considered that the over-enrichment of As could be an important factor leading to the precipitation of Au. Pyrite undergoes expansion of the mineral lattice parameters or lattice dislocation due to the substitution of S with As, creating space for the growth of solid-solution Au. Subsequently, some of the solid-solution Au within pyrite is liberated through internal oscillations, forming the visible gold particles.