An ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensor based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with carbon disulfide functionalized graphene oxide (GOCS)/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and dual recognition of aptamer/ion imprinting polymer (IIP) is proposed for the detection of Cd2+. The inherent layered structure of GOCS composites is convenient to provide high specific surface area, AuNP can improve electrode activity and the synergistic effect between the two materials contributes to further modification and signal amplification. The IIP cadmium ion imprinted cavities on the surface of electrode by electropolymerization can achieve the specific detection of Cd2+. Owing to the dual specific recognition provided by IIP and aptamer and the multiple signal amplification provided by GOCS and AuNPs, the sensor exhibits high detection response toward target Cd2+ with a detection limit of 0.15 μg/L in the linear range of 0.4–30 μg / L. The sensor had outstanding selectivity, excellent reproducibility, long-term stability and good reusability. Furthermore, this method can realize the detection of Cd2+ in real water samples with recovery rate of 86.5 % − 104.70 % (RSD=0.07 % − 9.65 %). This electrochemical strategy opens up more possibilities for the construction of trace detection of Cd2+ with record-high selectivity and sensitivity in water samples.