Gold Foil Restorations Research Articles

History of gold filling in dentistry

Gold does not oxidize, it is difficult to transform it into a chemical compound, but its compounds can be reduced to colored gold extremely easily. It is the only metal that does not react with oxygen and sulfur even at high temperatures. Gold is the most popular metal in dentistry, for decorating, in fixed prosthodontics, for crowns, and inlays or gold foil restorations.

Conservative Class II Foils.

Conservative Class II Foils.

Restorative methods for the Er: YAG laser application

The purpose of this study was to determine if a cavity prepared using the Er: YAG laser could be restored with restorative materials other than composite resin. A class V cavity for the composite resin and a class I cavity for the amalgam, gold foil, and inlay, were prepared in the human premolars an using the Er: YAG. laser. The cavities were restored with these restorative materials. The boundaries between the teeth and the restorative materials were observed using a DIGITAL MICRO SCOPE-6300. The following results were odtained; 1. Because all the margins of the cavities were rough, it was suggested that those should be trimmed using a rotary cutting instrument. 2. For composite resin restoration, the need of the further investigation of the method of finishing the cavity wall and treating that surface, was suggested. 3. Undercut was observed on the cavity wall. This undercut will be useful as a retention form for amalgam restoration and a convenient form for gold foil restoration. 4. For inlay restoration it was suggested that lining was needed to make the roughness of the cavity wall smooth.

Mat Gold—Gold Foil Restoration

Mat Gold—Gold Foil Restoration

Clinical evaluations of gold foils

Go Id foil enjoyed the reputation of being dentistry’s finest restoration, but in 1955 severe pulpal injury was reported after placement of foil restorations.’ Since that report gold foil restorations have become controversial. Some dentists believe in the superiority of gold foil and think that it is not used as widely as it should be. Others believe that it has no place in dentistry and that alternative materials are available that are less expensive, more esthetic, and less traumatic to pulp tissues.2 The gold foil restoration has the potential for irreversible pulpal damage.‘-’ The clinical prevalence of actual damage has not been previously documented. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of gold foil restorations on pulp vitality and their acceptability as permanent restorations.

Criterion‐oriented grading system for preclinical operative dentistry laboratory course

The object of this study was to evaluate instructor reliabilities when using empirical or traditional and criterion-oriented grading methods. To do so, 52 sample preparations made in plastic teeth by freshman dental students in the preclinical operative dentistry laboratory course were graded by 12 instructors. The preparations included those for amalgam, inlay, and gold foil restorations. The instructors were divided into two groups according to their teaching experience. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated by using a one way analysis of variance technique. The criterion method, in general, yielded greater intraclass correlation coefficients. The increase in the intraclass correlation coefficient was found to be significant at the alpha = 0.10 error level for all restorations judged by experienced instructors. The different degrees of increase in correlation may be attributed to the vary ing clinical biases of the instructors and the differences in the types of preparations.

Ultrastructural gingival reactions to gold foil restorations.

In the case of class-V gold foil restorations prepared below the gingival sulcus in beagle dogs after elevation of a flap, chronic inflammatory changes were observed after 3 weeks in the adjacent epithelium and connective tissue of the gingiva with the presence of dental plaque between the gold restorations and sulcular epithelium. However no inflammation was observed in the junctional epithelium and the subjacent connective tissue 3 weeks after implantation of a gold strip burnished and bounded to the root surface after elevation of a flap. The cell membranes of the superficial epithelial cells were either directly applied to the gold surface or were separated from the latter by an extracellular space about 200 to 500 A in width. No hemidesmosomes were seen. The different responses noted in the two experiments are related to the presence or absence of dental plaque and probably to the surface difference of the gold restorations.

A practical look at gold foil

Gold foil restorations should be made for many pit- and fissure-type carious lesions as well as for small cervical lesions on posterior teeth. When they are made in conjunction with full mouth reconstruction or multiple inlays and bridges, gold foil restorations enhance the reconstruction of the more seriously broken-down teeth and edentulous areas. These restorations also remove the undesirable side effects of dissimilar metals in the same mouth. The average dentist possesses the skill necessary to perform these procedures.

Measurement of the deflection of dentin disks under a condensation type of load.

A model was constructed to simulate a one surface cavity preparation. Dentin disks of varying thickness served as the pulpal floor of the model. The deflection of the cavity floor was monitored when forces of the type used in condensing amalgam and gold foil restorations were applied. Deflection of the dentin occurred under this type of loading. The amount depended on the magnitude of the load and thickness of the dentin. A cement base reduced the deflection of the cavity floor.

Internal resorption following gold-foil insertion: Report of two cases

Chronic inflammation of the pulp has often been held responsible for the initiation of internal resorption. 5, 9, 10 While some authors have indicated that gold foil insertion is traumatic to the pulp, others have concluded that gold foil procedures are biologically sound. Two cases are presented in which rapid internal resorption developed in maxillary central incisors following placement of gold-foil restorations. One can only conjecture that the resorption in these cases is a direct result of pulpal trauma following the gold-foil procedures.

The Class V gold foil restoration.

The Class V gold foil restoration.

Effects of gold foil condensation on human dental pulp

In this study, the accepted gold foil procedure was used to reproduce the conditions of clinical practice. Results show that condensation of gold foil into sound teeth produced a moderate response initially, with resolution occurring after longer time intervals. The use of a cement base considerably reduced the response, and those teeth which had preoperatively formed irregular dentin showed no response. The findings indicate that the gold foil restoration is biologically sound. Gold foil restoration is found to be biologically sound in this histological study. The traumatic potential is considered comparable to that of amalgam condensation. In this study, the accepted gold foil procedure was used to reproduce the conditions of clinical practice. Results show that condensation of gold foil into sound teeth produced a moderate response initially, with resolution occurring after longer time intervals. The use of a cement base considerably reduced the response, and those teeth which had preoperatively formed irregular dentin showed no response. The findings indicate that the gold foil restoration is biologically sound. Gold foil restoration is found to be biologically sound in this histological study. The traumatic potential is considered comparable to that of amalgam condensation.

Pin-retained gold foil

Use of stainless steel threaded pins in retaining gold foil restorations is described and illustrated. Three case reports are presented demonstrating the use of these pins in atypical Class IV, V, and VI defects. Esthetic, durable restorations can be made in a minimal amount of time by use of this method.

The impact of preventive dentistry on dental practice

The daily office records of 88 dentists were analyzed, and data were collected to determine their daily dental activities. Dentists practicing preventive dentistry placed less amalgam restorations, extracted less teeth, made fewer dentures, but did more gold inlays and gold foil restorations, periodontal treatments, and crown and bridge units than dentists not concerned with preventive practice. Dentists practicing preventive dentistry also had a higher income than general practitioners who did not routinely practice preventive dentistry.

Pulp reaction to malleting of gold-foil restoration: A preliminary report

Pulp reaction to malleting of gold-foil restoration: A preliminary report

Pulpal injuries caused by placement of gold-foil restoration and their prevention: Preliminary report

Pulpal injuries caused by placement of gold-foil restoration and their prevention: Preliminary report

Gold Foil Restorations for Proximal Surfaces of Young Permanent Anterior Teeth

1. With the introduction of a gentler method of condensation, the gold foil restoration is no longer contraindicaled for the young permanent anterior tooth. Animal and clinical research has indicated the safety of using gold foil in these cases. 2. The physical properties of gold foil prepared by low-intensity, high-frequency condensation have been found to be quite satisfactory. 3. Because of the life expectancy of the tooth, gold foil is the restorative material of choice for proximal cavities in young permanent anterior teeth. 4. A technique for a modified, inconspicuous class III gold foil restoration for children has been presented.

Invisible Class III gold foil restorations

The cosmetic appearance of fillings placed in the anterior teeth is usually of greater importance to most patients than the permanency of the restorations. This requirement challenges the dentist who desires to provide his patients with the most permanent, as well as the most esthetic, restoration. Inasmuch as many young people have small carious regions in the proximal surfaces of the maxillary anterior teeth, this article will describe the operative procedures entailed. A local anesthetic should be adminis­ tered, a rubber dam placed over a suffi­ cient number of teeth and a separator judiciously applied so that the smallest cavity possible can be made either lingually or labially. Care must be exer­ cised not to undermine the incisal enamel or destroy the enamel which comes into contact with the proximating tooth. After the dentin has been insulated and the enamel walls planed, the separator can be removed and a silicate cement fill­ ing placed in the cavity. These cavities should be refilled as many times as is necessary, using care not to extend the cavity any further than the disintegration of the cement or carious region requires, until it is deemed advisable to insert a more permanent filling. Gold foil unquestionably is one of the finest filling materials in the hands of a skilled operator when used in properly selected instances. Because gold foil calks the cavity, it should not be compared to the gold or porcelain inlay which is sealed in place with cement. The distal surface of any cuspid is ideal for the placement of a gold foil filling because in most instances the completed filling is not visible from the labial aspect. Often gold foil restorations can be in­ serted in the proximal surfaces of maxil­ lary teeth so as to be invisible to the lay observer. The position of the proximal tooth as well as the location and size of the cavity may be a determining factor in governing the choice of filling mate­ rial to be used. All too frequently the outline of the Glass III cavity is made to conform to instrumentation for the sake of easy access and a definite opera­ tive procedure, instead of making instru­ ments and cavity outline conform to the

Centric relation and mandibular movement

recut after contact with any drug, saliva or other moisture. Schoonover and Souder5 found stain­ ing to be the result of electrolysis, which was common to leaking fillings having rough margins and surfaces which col­ lected food debris as an electrolyte. They concluded that restorations with tight margins well-finished and polished would not corrode and stain tooth structure if given reasonable mouth hygiene. Massler and Barber7 observed that cement bases protected cut dentin against staining. Cement bases, however, are not the solution to the problem. Black8 taught that amalgam or any other dur­ able material seated on cement would not resist functional stress. Copalite var­ nish will seal cut dentin against thermal shock and against staining, without the insecurity common to cement bases. Amalgam restorations will give a serv­ ice second only to that of well executed gold foil restorations. Amalgam can be removed and replaced without too much lost effort, if gingival recession continues or if caries recurs. It can be used in regions inaccessible by the gold foil tech­ nic. It is a splendid substitute for gold foil where the temperament, time, health or finances of the patient favor this easier, quicker restoration. Under fa­ vorable circumstances, including good mouth hygiene, amalgam restorations will give many years of service. 632 Republic Building

The Application of Sound Biomechanical Principles in the Design of Inlay, Amalgam and Gold Foil Restorations

The Application of Sound Biomechanical Principles in the Design of Inlay, Amalgam and Gold Foil Restorations