Gold Diggers Research Articles

Jaime Hernandez, Angels and Magpies (2017) and Is This How You See Me (2019)

Reviewed by: Angels and Magpies by Jaime Hernandez, and: Is This How You See Me? by Jaime Hernandez William Orchard (bio) Jaime Hernandez, Angels and Magpies. Fantagraphics, 2017. Pp. 260. Jaime Hernandez, Is This How You See Me? Fantagraphics, 2019. Pp. 96. Jaime Hernandez's Is This How You See Me? is the latest installment in his long-running Locas series, collecting comics that have been serialized over the past five years. The page announcing the first chapter features Hernandez's signature character, Maggie Chascarrillo, taking a selfie in front of a mirror. Above her, the chapter's title captions the image: "Do I look at the camera or do I look at me?" This page and the title of the book highlight the importance of how we focus our attention when we produce and reflect on images of ourselves. Insofar as a photograph is an object that instantaneously becomes a relic, the page also invites us to think deliberately about how we connect our present selves to our deeper histories. Indeed, written more than thirty years after the first introduction of this character, Is This How You See Me? joins other recent works by Hernandez such as God and Science (2012), his much-celebrated Love Bunglers (2014), and "La Maggie La Loca" (2006–7) to form a profound reflection on the adjustments we make in our relationships to our pasts as we enter middle age. Fortunately, these other works, which were previously published as hardcover graphic novels, have been collected in Angels and Magpies, a smaller, inexpensive paperback edition that is convenient for classroom use or casual reading. Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. Angels and Magpies (cover). Jaime Hernandez © 2017. Courtesy: Fantagraphics. [End Page 214] The opening story of Angels and Magpies, "La Maggie La Loca," was originally serialized in the New York Times. Here, the story is published at the top of pages with another narrative, "The Gold Diggers of 1969," occupying the bottom third of each page. The latter comic is drawn in a simple style, which is fitting for a story about Maggie's childhood. "The Gold Diggers of 1969" culminates with the birth of Calvin, Maggie's brother who figures prominently in Love Bunglers, but the story also provides a large picture of her early life in which Maggie slowly builds a diverse network of mother figures, including her birth mother Quina, Isabel "Izzy" Ortiz, and her wrestler aunt Vicki. Vicki's one-time wrestling partner and later rival Rena Titañon is the central figure of "La Maggie La Loca," which chronicles Maggie's visit to the former wrestler and revolutionary's isolated island. As we later learn after Maggie nearly drowns, the visit happens as Maggie turns forty and provides an opportunity for her to measure feelings of failure against the apparent success of Rena. Although this reunion could have produced a crisis, Maggie realizes that Rena's life is "not much different than an apartment manager's life," and comes to value her connectedness over Rena's isolation. If the reunion trip provides an occasion for assessing the past, the page architecture that combines a story from Maggie's present with one from her childhood asks us to also think about which aspects of the past become necessary for understanding ourselves in the present. In Love Bunglers, Ray Dominguez, Maggie's on-again-off-again love interest, remarks: "The signs of time passing not only showed on her face and body but on her spirit as well. Not in a bad way, more in an accepting way." But, as Maggie later makes clear, her adjustment to age is still in process. Her near death experience leaves her plagued with nightmares and "looking for clarity." As Maggie searches for clarity with those with whom she has bungled love, the narrative reveals how familial love was bungled in the past when her younger brother Calvin submitted to sexual abuse in order to protect Maggie from a predatory adolescent. This familial trauma crashes into the present when Calvin reenters Maggie's life, and, in a misguided attempt to protect her, bludgeons Ray. The aftermath of this event leads to some of...

Gold diggers and their housewives: the gendered political economy of Thai labor export to Saudi Arabia, 1975–1990

ABSTRACTFrom 1975 to 1990 several hundred thousand Thais became guest workers in the Middle East. Focusing on texts from the period including migrant guidebooks, lyrics, and state publications, this contribution analyzes the gendered political economy of the migration of Thai men to Saudi Arabia, a phenomenon referred to domestically as “gold digging.” While the Thai state imposed restrictions on the export of female laborers, Thai women were nevertheless believed to have an important role in transnational migration as left-behind housewives who offered their husbands long-distance emotional support and regular assurances of their fidelity. This research engages Marxist feminist theory to demonstrate how left-behind wives contributed to and were impacted by their husbands' participation in guest worker programs. It demonstrates that guest worker programs outsource not only intergenerational reproduction to labor-sending communities but also affective dimensions of labor-power renewal. Moreover, the confluence of guest worker programs with patriarchal norms in labor-sending communities may mean that left-behind wives – like guest workers themselves – experience restrictions on their sexuality and freedoms of movement and expression.

When Warners Brought Broadway to Hollywood, 1923-1939 by Martin Shingler (review)

Reviewed by: When Warners Brought Broadway to Hollywood, 1923-1939 by Martin Shingler Scott Balcerzak Martin Shingler, When Warners Brought Broadway to Hollywood, 1923-1939. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. 237 pages. ISBN 978-1-137-40658-3. Martin Shingler's book transcends the promise of its title, which suggests a focused historical studio study. Not that Warner Brothers between 1923 and 1939 is not a rich area of inquiry. The studio has long fascinated scholars as the most technologically inventive and socially conscious studio of classical era Hollywood. Its output represents revolutions in sound technology through Vitaphone and boundary pushing subject matter through genres such as the gangster film, backstage musical, and women's picture. As the title suggests, Shingler's book examines this history as indicative of a rapidly evolving entertainment industry built upon a confluence of Broadway and Hollywood talent. It repositions the studio's history through a look at its underexamined output of "prestige pictures," films featuring major stage stars in, often, acclaimed stage adaptations. Beyond serving its purpose as an informative studio history, though, When Warners Brought also proves essential as a historical acting study, covering a period rarely considered by scholars in this subdiscipline. Shingler's work contributes to a growing area of film scholarship reconsidering American film history as intrinsically tied to the history of American acting. In this regard, the book serves as a fitting companion to Cynthia Baron's Modern Acting: The Lost Chapter of American Film (Palgrave, 2016), an important investigation of the untold histories of acting training, often originating from the stage, in 1930s to 1940s Hollywood. Shingler's previous scholarship on Bette Davis makes him a natural to write on Warners' prestige productions and actor performance. Not surprisingly, Davis is a major figure here, serving as the subject of chapter 8. Yet the book's greatest contribution to acting studies is its focus on rarely considered production units at the studio which created star vehicles influential in how they showcased acting. These include units for acclaimed stage stars John Barrymore, George Arliss, and Ruth Chatterton, all of whom were given lucrative multipicture contracts with the studio. Shingler employs different labels for a variety of overlapping acting styles, building off Baron's distinction of the era's "modern acting" style that proved more naturalistic and subtler than previous generations. All the actors examined in Shingler's book employ forms of naturalism in their performances, though some also evocate older "pictorial" and "histrionic" modes of expression. Through detailed scene analysis, Shingler examines gestures and line readings as illustrating the stage and screen's exchange of aesthetics, narratives, and economic models. Warner Brothers from 1923 to 1939 serves as the author's testcase for charting the evolution of acting during a transitional period that incorporated classical, expressionistic, realist, and other performance styles. While classifiable as an acting study, Shingler never strays far from the history of the industry, meaning that the book also should be of interest to historians of the studio era. In chapter 2, Broadway producers David Belasco and Charles Frohman emerge as major figures by developing models for the theater industry later emulated by studio moguls. The chapter also marks the adaptation of The Gold Diggers (1923) as an archetype for how stage and screen practitioners worked toward a mutual financial advantage, contradicting previous claims of contentious rivalries. Chapter 3 examines the shifting acting styles of the 1900s to the early 1920s through an examination of Ernes Lubitsch's silent era stock company, focusing particularly on Marie Prevost and Monte Blue's performances in The Marriage Circle (1924). Chapter 4 covers John Barrymore [End Page 97] as a transitional figure in the history of film acting, adopting three distinctive styles of classicism, naturalism, and expressionism in his lucrative series of silent and sound films for the studio, and providing a detailed analysis of 1924's Beau Brummel. The chapter places the transition to sound in the context of acting and stage histories, considering how Barrymore and Broadway star Al Jolson were employed to launch Vitaphone in the late 1920s. The second half of the book recontextualizes sound era Warner Bros., removing it from previous genre studies that focus primarily...

Gold diggers: Altered reconstruction of the gold surface by physisorbed aromatic oligomers

We present electronic structure theory calculations and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments for the adsorption of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-sexithiophene on the 100 surface of gold. Our density-functional theory calculations show that $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-sexithiophene prefers to adjust an energetically unfavorable adsorption site by modifying the gold surface over seeking out more favorable adsorption sites. Molecular adsorption results in a complex charge transfer pattern, with more charge transfer in more stable sites. Our results challenge the current paradigm that weakly interacting (e.g., physisorbed) molecules perceive metal surfaces as rigid templates with preordained adsorption sites.

Spatio-temporal Analysis Dynamics of the Landscape in the Classified Forest of Koulbi, Southwestern of Burkina Faso

Most of the protected areas in Burkina Faso are affected by deforestation and forest degradation. This study is done in order to analysis the spatial and temporal dynamics of the classified forest of Koulbi and to identify the drivers of deforestation in the forest. For that, three Landsat images from 1986, 1998 and 2014 were exploited. The supervised classification based on the artificial neural network algorithm, under the ENVI software, was used. A transition matrix was established to analyze land use/land cover changes. The standardized precipitation index of 1985 to 2014 was used to access climate trend. Survey data from riverside villages and field observations were used to assess the human impact. The results show that between 1986 and 2014, the woodlands and tree savannas areas were reduced by 7% and 0.49% per year, respectively. However, substantial yearly increases in the areas of shrub savanna (2.8%) and agricultural fields (1.4%) were observed. During this period, the rainfall had a sharp trend towards aridity, with 18 years of drought against 12 years of humidity. This show that deficit of rainfall is increase. The socio-economic survey revealed that the classified forest used to be highly occupied and 64% of the inhabitants were yam producers. Cattle breeders and gold diggers have also been observed. We conclude that human activities are the main cause of degradation of the vegetation cover of the Koulbi classified forest. And climatic factors to some extent. It will be necessary to take actions to better conservation.

Theatrical Gold Diggers: Fortune-Hunting and the Irish on and off the Eighteenth-Century Stage

Theatrical Gold Diggers: Fortune-Hunting and the Irish on and off the Eighteenth-Century Stage

Gold digging and the politics of time: Changing timescapes of artisanal mining in West Africa

This article analyses the socio-political transformations observed in two artisanal gold mining sites in West Africa (Guinée Conakry and Burkina Faso), linked to economic cycles and technical innovations. The notion of timescape(s) is employed to underline the intertwining of the spatial and temporal dimensions of mining, and to show the contradictory movements of compression and release of space and time to which local modes of production and institutional settings have been exposed. These transformations have generated shifts in the power to “make time” – that is, to define the rhythms and duration of work in the present and to plan mining activities in the future – triggering political reconfigurations in order to (re)appropriate control over the resource.

Apologia Pro Vita Sua:The Vanishing of the White Whale in the Mists

There are many analogies among fortune hunting in business, politics, and science. The prime task of the gold digger was to go to the Klondikes, find the right mine and mine the richest veins. This task requires motivation, sense of purpose and ability. Techniques and equipment must be developed. Fortune hunting in New England was provided at one time by hunting for whales. One went to a great whalers’ station such as New Bedford and joined the whale hunters. The hunt in academic research is similar. A single-minded passion is called for. These notes here are the wrap-up comments containing some terminal observations of mine on a hunt for a theory money and financial institutions.

Dooley's "The gold digger" (Book Review)

Dooley's "The gold digger" (Book Review)

Repairing the Disjointed Narrative of Ballarat's Theatre Royal

Repairing the Disjointed Narrative of Ballarat's Theatre Royal

Alimony Panic, Gold Diggers, and the Cultural Foundations of Early Twentieth-century Marriage Reform in the United States

By the late 1920s, the belief that US men were being exploited by the so-called gold diggers seeking advantageous divorces was widespread. Organizations like the Alimony Payers’ Protective Association and the Alimony Reform League were created to combat the perceived problem of gold digging ex-wives. Several states considered legislation to restrict alimony payments. Yet, the overall instances of alimony were relatively rare. This article explains the rise of anti-alimony sentiment during the late 1920s through an examination of the gold digger trope. Anti-alimony agitation represented a response to the changes in women’s roles and sexual norms in the 1920s.

Good news from north-central Africa: largest population of Vulnerable common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius is stable

AbstractNorth-central Africa (i.e. Cameroon, the Central African Republic and Chad) once held important populations of large mammals, including the hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius. Exports of hippopotamus trophies from Cameroon were suspended in 2012 but the species’ status and population trends remain poorly known. Using the same methodology as in 2000 and 2008, we counted hippopotamuses in Faro National Park and bordering hunting zones in 2014. We counted 685 individuals along 97 km of river, compared with 647 and 525 in 2000 and 2008, respectively. The stability of this population contrasts with the declines in populations of large mammals across north-central Africa. We attribute this conservation success to private efforts (i.e. safari hunting) compensating for a decline in state protection. However, the situation remains fragile, as highlighted by an influx of transhumant cattle and gold diggers. We recommend increasing public–private conservation efforts, including incentives for the safari hunting industry, which is also under pressure.

In and out of love with hip-hop: saliency of sexual scripts for young adult African American women in hip-hop and Black-oriented television

Hip-hop media and Black-oriented reality television are powerful mechanisms for conveying and promoting stereotypes of Black women. Black women’s sexuality is frequently presented as highly-salient in each medium. However, little is known about the impact of those images on Black women’s sexuality and identity. The current study uses focus-group methodology to engage young adult Black in critical discussion of two predominant sexual scripts found in hip-hop music and Black-oriented reality television – the Freak and the Gold Digger. Analyses revealed shared and distinct aspects of each sexual script represented in both media and the impact of those scripts on participants’ experiences. Implications for future research are discussed.

Declining population of the Vulnerable common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius in Bénoué National Park, Cameroon (1976–2013): the importance of conservation presence

AbstractPopulations of the common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius have undergone widespread decline as a result of habitat conversion and hunting for bushmeat and, increasingly, for ivory. North Cameroon holds important populations of large mammals, including the hippopotamus. The species' status and population trend are poorly known, and led CITES to suspend trade in hippopotamus trophies in 2013. Using the methodology of surveys conducted during 1976–1987, we conducted counts of the hippopotamus in Bénoué National Park during the wet season of 2011 and dry season of 2013, and drew on unpublished biannual density counts conducted by the Garoua Wildlife College, Cameroon, during 1989–2010. Counts along the 100 km stretch of the Bénoué River in the Park indicated a reduction from 400 individuals in 1987 to 188 in 2013. However, linear densities along a 15–32 km stretch in proximity to the Park headquarters and two tourist camps were constant during 1976–2013 (c. 3.7 individuals km−1). Hippopotamus distribution was negatively associated with the presence of the camps of gold diggers, which occupied the northern half of the Park. Observations of antelopes suggested they had a comparable distribution, unlike primates, which were distributed relatively evenly. Our results show the importance of year-round conservation presence in the Park, which could be achieved with adequate personnel, a functional road system, and reinforcement of operations in neighbouring sport-hunting areas.

Gold and Greater Britain: Jevons, Trollope, and Settler Colonialism

The Australian gold rushes of the 1850s provide an exemplary test case for exploring the impact of Greater Britain—the settler colonial empire—on the Victorian novel and political economy. British gold diggers’ nomadism operated in seeming antithesis to the colonies’ explosive growth, which posed a conceptual challenge both to political economy’s stadial model of societal development and to liberal narratives of labor and land—narratives that underpinned concepts of individual character and civil society. Informed by colonial writing and the experience of gold fields, W. S. Jevons’s Theory of Political Economy (1871) and Anthony Trollope’s John Caldigate (1879) reimagine metropolitan space and subjectivity in settler-colonial terms, helping lay the ground for a deterritorialized, global British identity.

Love's Old Song Will Be New: Deleuze, Busby Berkeley and Becoming-Music

This article argues that Busby Berkeley’s unique musical spectacles invert the cinematic taxonomy found in Deleuze’s twin volumes on Cinema through the process of ‘becoming-music.’ By taking up a form that I term ‘visual-music,’ in which musical properties are incorporated within the image, Berkeley’s work problematizes Deleuze’s philosophy of cinematic sound and benefits instead from the conceptions of the musical refrain and rhythm located in Deleuze and Guattari’s A Thousand Plateaus . Breaking away from traditional Deleuzian readings of cinema, I demonstrate, through a close textual analysis of Berkeley’s use of both the aural and visual refrain, that Berkeley’s images become ‘visual-music’ in order to deterritorialize (i.e. reconfigure our understanding of) the sound rather than the image. Using the ‘Shadow Waltz’ from Gold Diggers of 1933 as an example, I argue that a Berkeley musical number resituates the music’s territory of soft romanticism to reveal the sexuality inherent in the sonic forms of popular music.

“Cleat Chasers”: College Football Players Talk about Women and Sex

<p align="left">The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the ways that the high social status gained through sports participation, and the competitive pressures surrounding hypermasculinity and male bonding influenced the behavior and attitudes of college football players in their sexual relationships with women. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 male college-football athletes at a Southeastern NCAA football bowl subdivision university. Findings indicate that the college football players feel a sense of sexual power over women, which fuels their sense of entitlement to do what they want with women, and get what they want from women. Many of them viewed women as sex objects, and discussed how common it was for them to have multiple women as sexual partners. Their reference to women as “cleat chasers”, “hunters”, and “gold diggers” further suggests that they may be adhering to a traditional masculine script in which they believe that women use their sexuality as a resource to help them gain status and financial stability. </p>

The Gold Diggers of 1833: African American Dreams, Fortune-Telling, Treasure-Seeking, and Policy in Antebellum New York City

This is an article about black dreams, blacks digging for buried treasure, and black fortune tellers, mostly in New York City (although Philadelphia occasionally comes up as well) in the first half of the nineteenth century. The piece is based on decades of reading court cases and newspapers and in it, I adduce a whole lot of material, much of which has not been seen by anyone else in over one hundred and seventy-five years, in order to try and disturb, just a little, the historiographies of, on the one hand, free black life in nineteenth-century New York City, and on the other, that of conjure. In contradistinction to most other scholars working on African Americans in New York City, indeed writing about the North and perhaps even African America, I am little interested in voluntary organizations, religious organizations and the like, or for that matter most of the black leaders or the black elite, all of which subjects have been examined well and extensively by other historians. My interests lie elsewhere, in finding and exploiting sources that enable us to get at, even if usually only obliquely, those who too often get omitted from historical accounts. This piece, then, is part of my long-standing effort to recover the everyday lives of ordinary African Americans living in New York City in the first half of the nineteenth century.

What’s Love Got to Do with It? A Qualitative Grounded Theory Content Analysis of Romance Narratives in the PG Era of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) Programming

Although numerous studies have examined cultural representations of love and romance in myriad media sources, scarce attention has been paid to such representations in the genre of sports entertainment. As the most popular brand within this genre, World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) is an important conduit of cultural knowledge in which to investigate narratives about modern romance. Using qualitative grounded theory content analysis methods, the current study examined representations of romance narratives in WWE’s two highest rated programs (Monday Night Raw and Friday Night Smackdown!) over a 6 month period. Fifty-two episodes comprising 105 h of televised programming were analyzed. Data analysis revealed evidence of six central romance narratives (Prince Charming, Dark Romance, Femme Fatale, Gold Digger, Cougar, and Woman Scorned). The meanings of these narratives were frequently contradictory in nature, revealing complex ideas about the nature of heterosexual romance. Many of the romantic relationships presented contained elements of multiple narratives, suggesting conflicting presentations of heterosexual gender relations not just across but also within individual relationships. Implications of these findings through the lens of social learning and schema theories are provided.

Direct Reductive Amination of Aldehydes Catalyzed by Carbon Nanotube/Gold Nanohybrids

Gold digger: The direct reductive amination of aldehydes catalyzed by gold/carbon-nanotube nanohybrids with a silane as a hydride source is reported. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.