Gold Coins Research Articles

Tenth-century Hoard from the village of Korobkino in Kursk Province

In 1915, near the village of Korobkino, Kursk Province, a hoard of seven silver bracelets and a solid dating from 923–924 was found. The article determines its place in the historical and cultural context of both the region and Eastern Europe as a whole. It has been established that these decorations are not characteristic of the Romny antiquities. It is evident from the design of bracelets with tied ends and the use of thick wire, polyhedral in section. Gold coins were found mainly on the territory of Rus. The solid from Korobkino is the only find in the vast area of the Romny archaeological culture, which fact emphasizes the peculiarity of the complex. The author suggests dating the hoard within the second–third quarters of the 10th century AD. In general, its composition demonstrates the synthesis of northern (Scandinavia) and southern (Byzantium) contacts of the population of the emerging Rus culture. The owner of the hoard was related to the druzhina (prince’s retinue) layer of society. No other traces of such a distinct “Russian presence” concentrated in one complex have been found in the Severian land so far.

Native gold from alluvial deposits of the Kyvvozhsky district and its probable primary sources (Volsko-Vymskoe rise, Middle Timan)

Based on the study of typomorphic features of gold from alluvial deposits of the Kyvvozh region of Middle Timan, including industrial placers, the most probable genetic types of primary sources were determined. The size of gold particles varies widely, reaching the size of small nuggets; along with rounded ones, there are weakly rounded and unrounded particles. Many of them have undergone repeated deformations in the form of envelope-shaped bends, dents and tears. Most gold coins have high-fineness rims. Gold always contains Ag, sometimes Cu, Pd and Cu. Gold particles with a block structure with high-silver vein zones are often found. In intergrowths with gold and in the form of inclusions are noted in it pyrite, galena, and occasionally minerals of the cobaltine-gersdorfite series, ankerite, galenobismutite, native bismuth, aurostibite, and also sudovikovite (PtSe2), which was first identified in the region. Three types of gold have been identified: 1 – homogeneous silver-containing, 2 – block with highly silvery vein-like zones, 3 – rare silver-containing with impurities of Cu, Pd. The morphology, composition and structure of placer gold indicate its entry into placers from various sources, including nearby sources. Of greatest interest are the zones of development in Riphean rocks of hydrothermal veinlet-disseminated sulfide mineralization, oriented in the northwest direction, partially exposed during the development of placers. Gold with Cu and Pd impurities is most likely associated with derivatives of mafic magmatism. The Volsko-Vymskoe, as well as the Tsilemskoe and Chetlasskoe uplifts of Middle Timan can be considered promising in terms of primary gold content and deserve further study and prospecting.

Objet petits pois: peas, domestics, and modernity in “Two Gallants”

ABSTRACT Corley and Lenehan con a gold coin off a servant girl in James Joyce’s “Two Gallants” – but how they do so is left unclear. Lenehan’s consumption of a plate of peas midway through the story meanwhile appears relatively unmysterious. This article argues however that Lenehan’s peas are a key narrative motif: firstly, crystallising the antagonisms that consciously underlie Joyce’s emergent modernist style, but also (by way of the evolving connotation of peas through Irish history) actively historicising the social conditions that underlie this aesthetic. Ultimately, it is via the peas’ relationship with near-absent figure of the “slavey” herself that we see how Joyce’s dialectical aesthetic serves to interrogate the socio-historical position of Corley and Lenehan’s Ireland.

Distributive fairness during the transition to adolescence: The role of peer comparison and social value orientation.

Combining the dictator game (DG) and the ultimatum game (UG), this study recruited 546 Chinese children (321 boys, aged 9-12 years) as distributors, and found that both peer comparison and social value orientation (SVO) significantly influenced children's distributive fairness from late childhood to early adolescence. Results showed that as the unfairness of peer proposals increased, participants decreased the amount of gold coins distributed to the receiver in both tasks, revealing a peer comparison effect. This effect was more pronounced for adolescents than for children in both tasks. In addition, participants' fair distribution behaviors in the DG showed a three-way interaction effect of SVO, grade, and peer comparison. Specifically, for proselfs, children were not influenced by peers and consistently proposed self-interested distributions, whereas adolescents exhibited a peer comparison effect; for prosocials, both children and adolescents were influenced by peers, but children decreased the amount of their distributions only when they saw peers make extremely unfair distributions, whereas adolescents decreased the amount of their distributions when they saw peers make both mildly and extremely unfair distributions. This study highlights the importance of social environment and personal trait in shaping children's fair distribution behavior during the transition from late childhood to early adolescence.

Accelerating Relativistic Exact-Two-Component Density Functional Theory Calculations with Graphical Processing Units.

Numerical integration of the exchange-correlation potential is an inherently parallel problem that can be significantly accelerated by graphical processing units (GPUs). In this Letter, we present the first implementation of GPU-accelerated exchange-correlation potential in the GauXC library for relativistic, 2-component density functional theory. By benchmarking against copper, silver, and gold coinage metal clusters, we demonstrate the speed and efficiency of our implementation, achieving significant speedup compared to CPU-based calculations. One GPU card provides computational power equivalent to roughly 400 CPU cores in the context of this work. The speedup further increases for larger systems, highlighting the potential of our approach for future, more computationally demanding simulations. Our implementation supports arbitrary angular momentum basis functions, enabling the simulation of systems with heavy elements and providing substantial speedup to relativistic electronic structure calculations. This advancement paves the way for more efficient and extensive computational studies in the field of density functional theory.

A two-way analytical investigation of ancient gold coins: Elemental and colorimetric description of precious materials

The investigation of ancient artifacts is often constrained by their scarce availability and high protection and custody protocols. Among these, coinage represents an especially valuable kind-of-samples given their uniqueness and the subjacent information that is hidden behind their composition. Their analysis are often carried out using non-destructive techniques in order to avoid any alteration of the samples. In the field of Cultural Heritage analysis, smartphone-based methodologies have experienced a significant increase during the last few years, given their wide availability and ability to yield fast results. However, their analytical application demands a thorough and careful tuning during the methodology optimization. In this work, 21 historical gold and golden coins spanning a historical period of more than 2000 years have been analytically investigated. To that end, a two-fold approach has been implemented: first, the elemental composition has been analysed using portable X-ray fluorescence; and second, an innovative smartphone-based imaging method has been applied to measure their colour. Results allowed to describe the coins from their elemental profile, identifying some potentially debased ones, as well as some others not containing any gold. When possible, the results have been compared to previously reported cases, but our samples include some previously unreported cases representing new insights. All in all, this article provides new analytical data on unanalysed unique historical samples, in terms of their elemental profile and colorimetric properties, making use of an innovative, non-invasive nor destructive, fast and affordable colorimetric smartphone-based method to characterise historical coins.

Pierced, looped and framed: the (re)use of gold coins in jewellery in sixth‐ and seventh‐century England

The early medieval coin‐using economy is traditionally conceptualized as a masculine sphere with minimal female involvement. This article examines a corpus of 135 gold and pale gold coins of the later sixth and seventh centuries that underwent modification as coin‐pendants, a form of jewellery that belongs almost exclusively to feminine contexts. Analysis of this corpus reveals that these coins were valued as coins, with their attendant symbolic and economic significance, and that this transformation into jewellery did not irreversibly remove them from circulation, offering important evidence for female engagement in the seventh‐century coin‐based economy.

Quantum Nonlocality: Multicopy Resource Interconvertibility and Their Asymptotic Inequivalence.

Quantum nonlocality, pioneered in Bell's seminal work and subsequently verified through a series of experiments, has drawn substantial attention due to its practical applications in various protocols. Evaluating and comparing the extent of nonlocality within distinct quantum correlations holds significant practical relevance. Within the resource theoretic framework this can be achieved by assessing the interconversion rate among different nonlocal correlations under free local operations and shared randomness. In this study we, however, present instances of quantum nonlocal correlations that are incomparable in the strongest sense. Specifically, when starting with an arbitrary many copies of one nonlocal correlation, it becomes impossible to obtain even a single copy of the other correlation, and this incomparability holds in both directions. Such incomparable quantum correlations can be obtained even in the simplest Bell scenario, which involves two parties, each having two dichotomic measurements setups. Notably, there exist an uncountable number of such incomparable correlations. Our result challenges the notion of a "unique gold coin," often referred to as the "maximally resourceful state," within the framework of the resource theory of quantum nonlocality. To this end, we provide examples of isotropic quantum correlations that cannot be distilled up to the Tsirelson point, and thus partially answer a long-standing open question in nonlocality distillation.

Positive Parenting Styles in Educating Alpha-Generation Children in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 Era

An intangible piece of gold can be beautiful if it is carved by an expert carver, and young children will become good individuals who grow and develop well shall their parents are knowledgeable about good parenting patterns. The alpha generation comprises individuals born in 2013 and above. This generation faces the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era, in which such a revolution is a phenomenon collaborating cyber and automatization technologies, meaning that all things are applied using technologies that reduce human involvement in the process. Parents should understand parenting style in educating alpha-generation children facing the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. This parenting style is definitely different than parenting styles of previous generations. Therefore, the study aimed to understand a good parenting style for alpha-generation children in encountering the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. The study method was systematic review, where researchers documented and processed various sources, such as articles, books, and documents concerning positive parenting styles in educating the alpha generation and facing the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era.

Was the Supernova of 1054 CE Recorded in Constantinople? A Historical and Astronomical Reassessment

This paper critically reexamines two candidate records of the supernova of 1054 CE (SN 1054) that allegedly came from Constantinople, integrating historical and astronomical analyses. East Asian records documented SN 1054 in detail and formed the basis for astronomical discussions. In contrast, few reports of SN 1054 from Western Eurasia (Europe and West Asia) are known. The majority of such alleged reports have been rejected on the basis of philological and astronomical discussions. This study scrutinizes two potential accounts of SN 1054. The first is Ibn Buṭlān’s account, as cited in a later work. The second is a specific class of Byzantine gold coin issued in Constantinople, which may have commemorated SN 1054. Our reanalysis of Ibn Buṭlān’s record questions its connection to Constantinople. We also challenge speculation regarding the Byzantine coin, analysing contemporary historical and numismatic backgrounds. The paper also compares these accounts with the reconstructed SN light curve and modern astronomical calculations to assess the astronomical aspect of these records.

Study on Crm Practices of Organized and Unorganized Jewellers

Gem and jewellery manufacture is a worldwide business nowadays, with polishing and jewellery manufacturing taking place in Belgium, the Netherlands, Israel, China, and Turkey, and selling all over the world. Gold, diamonds, and platinum are mined in Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia. Over 15% of our overall exports come from this business, which also employs 1.3 million people. Its contribution to our Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is 3.75%, surpassed only by exports connected to Information Technology (IT). About 80% of the market is made up of gold jewellery; the remaining 20% is made up of jewellery with diamond and gemstone settings. Over 57% of the world's raw diamonds by value are handled by India, which is the largest diamond processing (cutting and polishing) hub in the world. Around 80% of jewellery sales are made up of gold pieces, with the remaining 20% consisting of jewellery with settings for diamonds and other gemstones. Customer relationship management (CRM) is a group of linked, data-driven software applications that help your company organize, track, and store information about its current and potential customers. Because this data is kept in a single system, business teams may instantly obtain the insights they want. Customer relationship management (CRM) is the process by which a business or other organization maintains its ties with customers. It often entails the use of data analysis to look through enormous amounts of information.

The design and development of a dashboard for improving sustainable healthy food choices

Over the last decade, several digital tools have been designed to provide consumers with nutritional and environmental impact information about their food choices post-consumption. Many of these tools lack behavioral change modules, have low user engagement, and ignore inherent environmental nutrition trade-offs to stimulate dietary change. This study presents the design and development of a decision support system to enhance consumer health while meeting sustainability goals from a pre-consumption perspective. The proposed decision support system, Dashboard for Improving Sustainable Healthy (DISH) food choices, employs behavioral features, traffic light labels, and nudges to inform end-users about the nutritional health performance and environmental impact of meals. DISH uses a simple metric that allows end-users to explore the potential minutes of healthy and productive life gained or lost from consuming 100 kcal of a meal. The metric combines the positive or negative nutritional health effects (μ-DALYs) of consuming a meal and environmental damage (endpoint impact expressed in DALYs) on human health. In the DISH application, end-users are rewarded or deducted EnCoins, which represent the number of silver or gold coins lost or gained based on the cost ($) of environmental damage (midpoint impacts) of a meal compared to reference sustainable healthy and unsustainable and unhealthy meal. DISH's gamification module enables end-users to track the potential minutes of healthy and productive life gained/lost and gold or silver rewards or deductions from consuming 100 kcal of a selected meal through cumulative minutes gained or lost and EnCoins. In promoting a sustainable diet culture, the gamification module enables users to create groups and communities where friends and families can track their sustainability performance through meal decisions. The DISH application is currently available online and can be accessed by an end-user through any device. Further pilot studies will focus on testing the technology in partner campus cafeterias.

ARIMA Models For Kijang Emas Price Forecasting: Pre- and Post-COVID Analysis

Gold has significant economic value in a country's economic landscape, serving as a hedge against inflation, particularly during financial turmoil. In Malaysia, gold is known as Kijang Emas and serves as the official bullion gold coin. The price of gold also impacts stock market dynamics, making understanding its fluctuations essential for risk-averse investors. However, the credibility of gold as an investment has been called into question due to price volatility caused by various factors, including the recent upheaval caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this study is to explore the effectiveness of the ARIMA model in modelling and forecasting daily Kijang Emas prices in Malaysia from 2012 to 2022, divided into two phases: pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19. Model performance was assessed using metrics such as AIC, MAE, and MAPE. The results that the ARIMA model can analyse and forecast Kijang Emas prices, particularly on post-COVID-19 data with high volatility and uncertainty. This insight is valuable for investors seeking to understand market trends and develop future strategies.

Protolith

Abstract: This five-part essay melds the author’s personal attachment to gold with a larger rumination on the cultural valences of the metal across India and the American West. The essay considers the personal implications of claiming: a history, a stretch of land, a piece of gold.

Fatimid Dinar Dated 364 A.H. Discovered in Qurh Site, Al Ula Governorate, Saudi Arabia

In Excavation Season XIV in 2017 at Qurh by the Department of Archaeology, College of Tourism and Archaeology, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, a rare gold dinar was found, minted in Egypt in 364 A.H. (975 A.D.) by Al-Mu‘izz li-Din Allah. The dinar was discovered in square C17, area 3, Qurh (Almabiat) site. It was numbered 27 in the archaeological registry. Square C17 is an architectural extension of the excavation squares C18, C19, C20, D17, D18, D19, and D20. The dinar is the first discovered gold coin in the excavation seasons that began in 2005 at the site. The findings of Qurh are varied in terms of material, manufacturing technology, and provenance. Thus, they include local and imported artifacts. Examining the gold dinar showed a thick layer of dust and calcifications on the surface. The present study tackles the scientific method of examining the gold dinar, diagnosis of deterioration products and causes, stages of restoration and conservation, and analysis of the inscriptions on the reverse and obverse after restoration.

Celtic ‘Guardians’ of the Central Polish Section of the Amber Route

Abstract The paper aims to provide cultural and chronological analysis of the late La Tène period artefacts discovered in the Prosna and Warta interfluve. The authors attempted to categorise them and assess their character, rank and significance. As a result, some categories of items, e. g. brooches, stripe-painted pottery, mirrors or knotenringe have been found to be imports originating from the south, i. e. from the areas of dense Celtic settlement, while coinage and blacksmithing products are believed to be of local provenance. Gold coinage based on the Boii system was well attested by the finds in the Janków II settlement, where individual components of a minting workshop and numerous coins being its final product were discovered. In turn, local Celtic blacksmithing is documented by the discovery of rich graves of blacksmiths and many elements of armament occurring in the discussed area, such as double-edged long swords and spearheads decorated with cut edges and acid-etched ornaments. Additionally, research demonstrates the existence of armed warriors whose remains were discovered in the cemeteries in Wesółki and Ciecierzyn. All the above must lead to the conclusion that in the LT D2 phase, equivalent to the A3 phase of the Prosna and Warta interfluve (as evidenced by the dispersion of materials), there existed a thriving centre of power of a local Celtic rix, or successive rixes, protected by groups of armed warriors. We believe that their power and prosperity expressed in gold coinage may have stemmed from their control over a significant section of the amber route which generated sufficiently high profits.

Unveiling origins, composition, and appearance of ancient Islamic gold coins through elemental and smartphone-based colorimetric studies

In this article, the Islamic gold coins collections of the University of Valencia is studied for the first time for its elemental composition and colorimetric properties. To that end, non-destructive elemental analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence is applied to obtain the coins’ elemental profile. Additionally, the colour of the coins is assessed using smartphone-based colorimetry as an innovative non-invasive method. Results indicate that the Islamic coins could be attributed to Almoravids, and the gold origin could be the famous Sudanese gold, an ore which was valued all over the world. Also, the text found in the coins was translated and allowed to objectively identify the mint and year. Based on these results, it can be seen that the earliest coins struck in the Iberian Peninsula are characterised by slightly lower gold concentrations than the ones struck in the northern part of Africa, pointing towards a potential recycling of coins which already circulated in the area. In conclusion, this work provides new analytical insights into a peculiar and unique type of samples, allowing to draw some conclusions in terms of their origins and materials, and for the first time allows to characterise the chromatic coordinates of this type of samples.

Қазақ қыз есімдері және бағалы зат атаулары

Turks value their daughters and take care to give them the most beautiful name. For this reason, they tried to give them names related to the names of valuable items. Especially among Kazakh girls, we often see names related to the most precious stones, precious metals, rare types of fabric or silk, expensive leather Decals. For example, Kazakh women's names such as Altyn, Altyngul, Altynay, Kumis, Kumisay, Kumiszhan, Inzhu, Monshak, Asyltas, Gaukhar, Zarina, Altynzer, Zere, Ayzere, Marzhan, Meruyert, Lagyl, Firuza, Sapura, Almasgul, Zubarzhat, Marmara are names related to precious stones and precious metals. The names of rare fabrics and names related to expensive types of silk will include names such as Jibek, Makpal, Masaty, Torgyn, Torka, Shuga, Kamka, Barshyn, Barsha, Katipa, Kyrmyzy, Duria, Patsayi, Bates. On the other hand, the names often used by Kazakhs are Kundyz, Kamshat, Jannat, Ukizhan, we believe that they are associated with expensive names made of leather and rare bird feathers. Among the names that we will consider, there are female names associated with monetary names. For example, the female names Dinara, Dilda, Manat were formed from words meaning money and gold coins. This article will provide statistics on the spread or spread of such female names in Kazakhstan and in Turkic-speaking countries. Nevertheless, an attempt will be made to find the origin of the names mentioned, using dictionaries of historical or living Turkic languages and neighboring languages.

FALSE COIN OF EMPRESS LUCILLA FOUND IN SERDICA

A false coin found in Serdica is described in this article. It is about the coin mixti from the time of empress Lucilla (164–168/ 169), which has the following description:
 Obverse: LVCILLAE AVG ANTONINI AVG F draped bust right.
 Reverse: CONCORDIA Concordia seated left, holding a patera and resting her arm on a statue of Spes.
 Diameter: 17/18mm; Weight – 2.95g.
 The core is made of copper alloy, covered with thick gilding. At present the gilding on the relief parts of the images and letters is impaired and parts of the core are visible, which have rough surface as a result of pits in the metal. On the observe of the coin the impairment is bigger on the image of the empress and smaller on the letters of the inscription. On the reverse the cover of the letters and the inscription is impaired.
 The images and the inscriptions on the coin are the same as on the denar, listed in RIC under No 758. The copper kernel is supposed to have been coated with silver foil and then stamped with the matrix for denars. However, for some reason the kernel was covered with gold, not with silver. It is difficult to estimate whether that was an accident or planned in advance, but as a final reckoning, the fraud is double – a kernel of common metal covered with a golden foil and stamped with the images of f silver coin. In any case it was presumed that the potential owners of that coin were not familiar with the images on the silver and gold coins and this way the Specimen would be accepted without any problems.

Золотой стольника Василия Григорьевича Фефилатьева

From the XV century in the Russian state, an award for certain military merits is known in the form of rewarding those who distinguished themselves, or those who participated in a particular military campaign, with gilded silver or gold coins. The Moscow Kremlin Museums keep a gold award with an owner’s inscription stating that it was granted in 1639/40 to the stolnik Vasily Grigorievich Fefilatiev. This is the oldest personalized Russian award to date. It was possible to establish that the gold was awarded for the Saratov service in 1636. Archival sources made it possible to trace the history of this relic from the middle of the 17thcentury to the present day, as well as to add new information to the history of the Fefilatiev family.