Goji Research Articles

Comparing Efficacy of Rhodiola Rosea, Red Goji Berry, and Siraitia Grosvenorii in Physical Recovery After Aerobic Exercise

This manuscript compares the effects of Rhodiola rosea, red goji berry, and Siraitia grosvenorii on the recovery of physical strength in athletes after aerobic exercise. Subjects were compared for the effects of different treatments on changes in physiological (heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and vertical jump-and-reach performance) and biochemical (blood lactic acid, creatine kinase, and blood urea nitrogen) markers after four weeks of aerobic exercise. After four weeks of aerobic exercise, the heart rate of all groups of athletes increased rapidly, the level of fatigue deepened, the vertical jump-andreach performance decreased, and the levels of blood lactic acid, creatine kinase, and blood urea nitrogen all increased to varying degrees. At the 12th minute after exercise, the heart rate of the Rhodiola rosea group, the red goji berry group, and the Siraitia grosvenorii group recovered faster, the RPE value was lower, and the vertical jump-and-reach performance was better compared with the control, P < 0.05; moreover, the levels of all three biochemical markers were all significantly lower than those of the control group. In conclusion, the intake of these nutrients can promote the recovery of physical strength in athletes, accelerate the clearance of blood lactate, and inhibit the generation of creatine kinase and blood urea nitrogen. Therefore, they can be used as nutritional support for athletes during aerobic exercise.

Natural Antioxidants of the Underutilized and Neglected Plant Species of Asia and South America

Background: Plants have played an essential role in the search for new compounds for the most diverse therapeutic purposes. Recently, more attention has been paid to natural antioxidants because of the possible insecurity of synthetic antioxidants. Objective: The review is aimed at summarizing the most important and common natural antioxidants and their resources from medicinal plants. Methods: The research was performed using data bases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Taylor and Francis, etc. to search for all collected scientific publications. Results: The most important medicinal plants with antioxidant activities in Iran are Artemisia, berberry fruit, borage, calendula, coriander, cumin, green tea, hawthorn, jujube, pomegranate, rose, rosemary, black zira, tea, and thyme. Important traditional medicinal plants with antioxidant activities in China are Asparagus, bindii, blueberries, camellia, Chinese bayberry, Chinese bitter melon, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cherry, Chinese jujube, Chinese olive, pomegranate, Chinese rose tea, Chinese toon, Chinese watermelon, black tea, knotweed, Chinese quince, Chinese rhubarb, sumac, wolfberry, dendrobium, drumstick tree, Fiscus species, ginger, ginkgo, goji berry, grape, Jerusalem thorn, kiwifruit seed oil, and liquorice root. Anacardium occidentale L., Ananas comosus (L.) Merril, Baccharis trimera (Less) DC., Carapa guianensis Aubl., Casearia sylvestris Sw., Cordia verbenacea DC., Croton lechleri Müll. Arg., and Eugenia uniflora L. are the main medicinal plants with antioxidant activities in Brazil. Conclusion: Antioxidants are those molecules that are involved in the scavenging of these reactive species causing oxidative stress and are defined as those substances which could prevent the oxidation of the substrate at low concentrations. The main derived exogenous natural antioxidants are derived from medicinal plants, fruits, foods, flowers, and traditional herbal medicines in different parts of the world

Medicinal Plants, Economical and Natural Agents with Antioxidant Activity

Abstract: Over the past few decades, the multifaceted anticancer action of various plant-derived flavonoids has been demonstrated both in in vitro and in vivo preclinical experiments as well as in clinical trials and large-scale epidemiological studies. These secondary metabolites, synthesized in plants in response to different environmental stresses, can exert diverse biological activities in the human body after ingestion of plant-based foods. Flavonoids are indeed well-known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, anti-migratory, antiinvasive, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic properties, thereby preventing and slowing the development of different types of human cancers. Accordingly, more and more people all over the world have increased their everyday intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and spices to get the benefits of flavonoids. In this commentary article, a critical view is presented on the possible gradual decrease in the health-promoting effects of edible and medicinal plant products related to changes in their flavonoid content and composition as a consequence of global warming. It is indeed generally accepted that biosynthesis and accumulation of certain flavonoids can be higher in plants cultivated in colder conditions, while a high temperature may even block the production of these agents. It only remains to be determined in the future as to what extent the lowering of flavonoids content in plant-based diets during global warming can contribute to continuously increasing worldwide incidence of new cancer cases, revealing the actual costs of human-induced environmental changes. : Important traditional medicinal plants with antioxidant activities in China are Asparagus, bindii, blueberries, barberry fruit, borage, calendula, camellia, coriander, cumin, Chinese bayberry, bitter Chinese melon, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cherry, Chinese jujube, Chinese olive, pomegranate, Chinese rose tea, Chinese toon, Chinese watermelon, black tea, green tea, knotweed, Chinese quince, Chinese rhubarb, pomegranate, sumac, thyme, wolfberry, dendrobium, drumstick tree, rosemary, black Zira, rose, Fiscus species, ginger, ginkgo, goji berry, grape, Jerusalem thorn, jujube, kiwifruit seed oil, and liquorice root. : The main derived exogenous natural antioxidants are derived from medicinal plants, fruits, foods, flowers, and traditional herbal medicines. Among various medicinal plants, the medicinal plants common in Asian traditional medicine have shown enormous potential as great sources of natural antioxidants. Polyphenols, and some other secondary bioactive compounds like anthocyanins, isoflavones, pterostilbene, resveratol, quercetin and catechins have shown potent antioxidant activity.

Black Goji Berry (Lycium ruthenicum Murray): A Review of Its Pharmacological Activity.

Lycium ruthenicum Murray (LRM; commonly known as black goji berry or black wolfberry), a plant in the Solanaceae family, grows in the deserts of China's Qinghai-Tibet plateau. LRM is widely consumed in traditional Chinese medicine, and its fruits are frequently used as herbal remedies to treat heart disease, fatigue, inflammation, and other conditions. Many studies have reported that LRM is rich in functional phytochemicals, such as anthocyanins and polysaccharides, and has various pharmacological actions. This article reviews research on the biological and pharmacological effects of the constituents of LRM fruits. LRM has various pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-radiation, immune-enhancing, anti-tumor, and protective effects. LRM has much promise as a dietary supplement for preventing many types of chronic metabolic disease.

Corn-Based Gluten-Free Snacks Supplemented with Various Dried Fruits: Characteristics of Physical Properties and Effect of Variables

The market of extruded products is constantly growing and the incorporation of fruit items into their recipe, can made a crisp snack product a healthy one of acceptable flavor. The subject of this work is the evaluation of the effects of production screw speed, fruit type and amount on selected physical properties (expansion index, bulk density, water absorption and solubility, texture profile and color balance) of corn-based gluten-free crisps supplemented with various amounts (0–20%) of dried fruits (apple, white mulberry, goji berry, elderberry, blackberry) processed at variable screw speeds (80, 100 and 120 rpm). This work demonstrates that it is possible to obtain marketable extruded snacks with natural color coming from the incorporated dried fruits and with adequate expansion and texture if addition was up to 10% of all the tested fruits. Moreover, very good aeration, crispy texture and acceptable natural color was found if dried elderberry and blackberry were added to snacks even at 15 and 20%. Application of 15 or 20% of apple, white mulberry and goji berries showed similar color profiles and caused decrease in texture and expansion of snacks. The rotational screw speed effect differs significantly only in hardness and cutting force of the supplemented corn crisps.

Effects of root rot on microbial communities associated with goji berry (Lycium barbarum) in the Qaidam Basin, China

Effects of root rot on microbial communities associated with goji berry (Lycium barbarum) in the Qaidam Basin, China

Traceability of meat products with incorporated functional ingredients

The demand for natural and functional food products is constantly increasing, driving the research on new ingredients and technologies to enhance the quality and safety of meat products. This literature review focuses on the application of new functional ingredients and traceability of meat products to ensure their quality. The study examines the surface treatment of meat with bioactive substances such as dihydroquercetin from Larix sibirica Ledeb, rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis), and distilled rose petal extract (Rosa damescena Mill.). Additionally, the inclusion of functional ingredients such as dried goji berries (Lycium barbarum) and pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) in meat matrices is discussed. The research highlights the potential benefits of these functional ingredients in inhibiting lipid oxidation, preserving color, and improving the taste qualities of meat products. The inclusion of natural antioxidants and bioactive compounds derived from plants presents a promising alternative to synthetic additives. Furthermore, the reduction of potentially harmful substances, such as nitrites, in meat products is achieved through the inclusion of functional ingredients. To ensure the quality and safety of these functionally processed meat products, a traceability system is proposed. This system includes documentation of ingredient origin, production processes, and packaging information. Implementing a traceability system enables the tracking of product movement and distribution throughout the supply chain, thereby confirming the positive effects of the ingredients and ensuring consumer trust. The aim of this article is to integrate new functional ingredients and implement a traceability system to enhance the quality, safety, and acceptability of meat products by consumers. These approaches align with the growing demand for natural and high-quality food products, opening opportunities for innovation in the meat industry. Funding information: The materials were prepared within the framework of the "Zhas Galym" project within the scientific and technical program AP15473123 "Digitalization of the traceability system of meat products to improve the quality of semi-smoked sausages during long-term storage" of the budget program 217 "Development of Science" subprogram 102 "Grant financing of scientific research" of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2022-2024.

Chemical characterization of dicaffeoyl polyamine derivatives to understand specific secondary metabolites in goji berry

Goji berries are among the most valuable edible and medicinal crops worldwide due to their richness in healthy compounds. Dicaffeoyl polyamine derivatives (DCPAds) contain a considerable number of isomers and are prominent specialized metabolites in goji berries. Very little has been achieved thus far in the evaluation of these compounds because of the lack of standards. The characterization and natural variation of DCPAds in goji berry remain unclear. The present study focused on the comprehensive characterization and quantitative analysis of DCPAds in goji berries using liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry. A strategy was developed to determine the fragmentation patterns of authentic standards. Three diagnostic ions were used as characteristic markers to quickly identify these compounds in goji berries. Furthermore, the natural variation and differential spatiotemporal accumulation patterns of seven DCPAds in 94 goji berry batches were revealed. In addition, principal component analysis of metabolomics data grouped the wild and cultivated samples, while green samples and those at other developmental stages could also be discriminated. These results improve our understanding of DCPAds in goji berries, which can provide essential data for chemical insight into further phytochemical studies, metabolite identification, and quality control of goji berries.

Optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds with antiproliferative activity from goji berry and assessment of kinetic models

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work aims to optimize the extraction of bioactive compounds with antiproliferative activity from goji berry (Lycium barbarum) and assess the extraction kinetic models. The extraction was performed by varying the proportion of ethanol/water solvent.RESULTSThe antioxidant activity determination tests indicated a significant difference for the proportion of 60:40 ethanol/water. Conditions for the highest levels of antioxidant activity were 45 °C and 6.71 min for ultrasound and 45 °C and 23.30 h for shaker.CONCLUSIONThe quantification of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids and anthocyanins showed that the ultrasound method led to the highest concentrations of these compounds. The extraction kinetics was evaluated, and the So and MacDonald's and second‐order models showed the best fit, with a global maximum deviation lower than 10.0%. High concentrations of extracts produced showed cytotoxic effects for human hepatoma cells by the MTT test. The extract produced by ultrasound reached a cell viability of 37.71%. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Detection and analysis of volatile flavor compounds in different varieties and origins of goji berries using HS-GC-IMS

The goji berry represents a type of natural material that holds significant medicinal and nutritional worth. To explore the differences between flavor substances among different wolfberry varieties and origins, three different varieties of wolfberry and four different origins of black wolfberry were selected in this study for the identification and analysis of volatile compounds. The volatile components in the samples were detected by the HS-GC-IMS method, and the characteristic fingerprints of volatile substances in wolfberry were established. In all the samples, 95 peaks were detected, and 63 volatile compounds were identified. The fingerprint profiles showed that different wolfberry samples each had their own characteristic volatile substances. It was discovered that the degree of differentiation between different types of goji berry and black wolfberries from various sources was great and that the differences between them were visible using principal component analysis, Euclidean distance analysis, and hierarchical clustering heat map analysis. This may provide a certain theoretical basis for the identification, classification, and flavor analysis of goji berry varieties and origins.

The Most Important Medicinal Herbs and Plants in Traditional Chinese and Iranian Medicinal Sciences with Antioxidant Activities

Abstract: The review is aimed at summarizing the most important and common natural antioxidants and their resources from traditional Irani and Chinese medicinal sciences. The most important medicinal plants with antioxidant activities in Iran are Artemisia, berberry fruit, borage, calendula, coriander, cumin, green tea, hawthorn, jujube, pomegranate, rose, rosemary, black zira, tea, and thyme. Important traditional medicinal plants with antioxidant activities in China are Asparagus, bindii, blueberries, camellia, Chinese bayberry, Chinese bitter melon, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cherry, Chinese jujube, Chinese olive, pomegranate, Chinese rose tea, Chinese toon, Chinese watermelon, black tea, knotweed, Chinese quince, Chinese rhubarb, sumac, wolfberry, dendrobium, drumstick tree, Fiscus species, ginger, ginkgo, goji berry, grape, Jerusalem thorn, kiwifruit seed oil, and licorice root. The present review article highlights the most important medicinal plants which have been used in Iran and China as traditional herbal medicines for hundreds of years due to their tremendous antioxidant activities.

Diet type and prey preference of predators affect intraguild predation between Amblyseius andersoni and Neoseiulus barkeri

Amblyseius andersoni and Neoseiulus barkeri, two species of phytoseiid mites that are widely used for the control of small sucking pests, were found to co-occur on Chinese wolfberry in Inner Mongolia. We investigated the possibility of intraguild predation (IGP) between A. andersoni and N. barkeri to explore the interactions and coexistence of these two species. Predation and oviposition of the two predators on heterospecific juveniles were measured and compared with Tetranychus truncatus or Typha pollen as food, or without alternative food. The mortality rate of N. barkeri juveniles was not affected by the diet treatment, but that of A. andersoni juveniles was reduced by the presence of spider mites. The presence of spider mites also increased oviposition by A. andersoni but not by N. barkeri, and the presence of pollen had no influence on the oviposition of the two predators. Thus, according to the IGP criteria for gaining benefits from predation on heterospecific juveniles, it was concluded that IGP between A. andersoni and N. barkeri occurred, with A. andersoni as intraguild predator and N. barkeri as intraguild prey when spider mites were present. In a further choice test in which heterospecific juveniles and T. truncatus juveniles were provided for each predator, female A. andersoni preferred to prey on N. barkeri rather than on spider mites, whereas female N. barkeri preferred to feed on spider mites rather than on A. andersoni. These findings indicate that the higher preference of N. barkeri on T. truncatus might result in its lower predation on the other predator species compared with A. andersoni and, thus, increased the possibility of the coexistence of the two predator species. Therefore, the occurrence of IGP between A. andersoni and N. barkeri appears to be influenced by the availability and type of the diet and the prey preference of the predators.

Investigation of 26 Sterols in Commercial Goji Berries (Lycium Species) and the Application in Food Authentication by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry

Investigation of 26 Sterols in Commercial Goji Berries <i>(Lycium</i> Species) and the Application in Food Authentication by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry

Neuroprotective effects of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) polysaccharides on depression-like behavior in ovariectomized rats: behavioral and biochemical evidence

Neuroprotective effects of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) polysaccharides on depression-like behavior in ovariectomized rats: behavioral and biochemical evidence

Pengaruh Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa Dan Dua Jam Postprandial Pria Dewasa Normoglikemik

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia due to abnormal insulin secretion, insulin function or both. Based on World Health Organization, DM was the eighth leading cause of death in the world (2012), 43% of deaths happened at age less than 70 years. Microvascular and macrovascular complications caused by DM, long-term therapy, and side effects of therapy have greatly affected the patients’ quality of life. Hence, people have seeked many DM adjuvant therapy from herbs, one of which is goji berries [Lycium barbarum]. The Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) has been shown to have blood glucose lowering effect. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the effect of goji berries on reducing blood glucose levels. The research was conducted through pre and posttest design on fasting and two hours postprandial blood glucose levels in young adult males before and after receiving 20 g dried goji berries per day for 14 days. Statistical analysis used in this research was paired t test with α=0.05. Results: This study showed that the consumption of goji berries for 14 days did not significantly affect the fasting and two hours postprandial blood glucose levels (p&gt;0.05) of the volunteers. Conclusion: Goji berries did not reduce fasting and two hours postprandial blood glucose levels in normoglycemic males.

Goji-Berry-Mediated Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Promising Effect on Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Experimental Hyperglycemia.

The present report focuses on a rapid and convenient method applicable in the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using goji berry (Lycium barbarum-LB) extracts rich in antioxidant compounds, as well as on the structural analysis and evaluation of the induced antioxidant protection and anti-inflammatory effects of the synthesized gold nanoparticles upon endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to hyperglycemia. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), whereas the presence of bioactive compounds from the L. barbarum fruit extract on the surface of the nanoparticles was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antioxidant activity of the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles was evaluated on the HUVEC cell line. The results reveal that AuNPs with a predominantly spherical shape and an average size of 30 nm were obtained. The UV-Vis spectrum showed a characteristic absorption band at λmax = 536 nm of AuNPs. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids and carotenoids acting as capping and stabilizing agents of AuNPs. Both the L. barbarum extract and AuNPs were well tolerated by HUVECs, increased the antioxidant defense and decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines induced via hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative damage.

Molecular network technology for discovering new alkaloids glycosides from Goji berry

Molecular network technology for discovering new alkaloids glycosides from Goji berry

The effects of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) leaves on performance, meat lipid oxidation, digestive tract parts, and some blood parameters of broiler chickens

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementing diets with goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) leaves (GBL) on performance, meat lipid oxidation, meat chemical composition, carcass traits, some internal organs, digestive tract parts and some blood parameters in broiler chickens. A total of 144 d-old mix-sexed chicks (Ross-308) were weighed and randomly allocated to four experimental groups with three replicates of 12 chickens each. Treatments were as follows: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet+1 g/kg GBL, (iii) basal diet + 5 g/kg GBL and (iv) basal diet+ 10 g/kg GBL. After analysis of one-way ANOVA, the results revealed that 10 g/kg GBL improved body weight (0-6 weeks) (P&lt;0.01), body weight gain (4-6 weeks) and feed intake (4-6 and 0-6 weeks) (P&lt;0.05). Feed conversion ratio did not significantly improve with GBL treatment (P&gt;0.05). In addition, 10 g/kg GBL of the diet increased heart weight and proventriculus length (P&lt;0.05), however, decreased breast meat lipid oxidation on d 21 (P&lt;0.05). Experimental treatments did not affect the total cholesterol, HDL, glucose and triglycerides (P&gt;0.05) but decreased LDL (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of 10 g/kg GBL to broiler chicken diet may improve performance and may decrease breast meat lipid oxidation and blood serum LDL.

Transcriptome analysis reveals genes related to the synthesis and metabolism of cell wall polysaccharides in goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) from various regions.

In goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.), the cell wall properties and ripening environment affect fruit quality and their economic benefits. However, the mechanism underlying the cell wall remains to be fully elucidated. The results showed that total sugar content was higher in Qinghai berries (13.87%, P < 0.01), whereas cellulose content peaked in Zhongning berries (28%, P < 0.05). Arabinose, galactose, and galacturonic acid were the principal components of the cell wall polysaccharides in goji berries. Among them, the content of galactose in Zhongning was significantly the highest (P < 0.05). Interestingly, we found that highly expressed β-glucosidase and lowly expressed endoglucanase led to cellulose accumulation by RNA-sequencing analysis. The expression analysis results suggested that pectate lyase and pectinesterase enzymes could be major factors related to higher galactose and galacturonic acid contents in Zhongning compared to in Qinghai and Gansu. The starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, pentose and glucuronate interconversions pathway, and galactose metabolism pathway played a significant role in cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and metabolism. In the present study, we aimed to provide some insights into the cell wall on polysaccharide composition, structural features, and gene analysis in goji berries from Zhongning, Qinghai, and Gansu in China. These results might help to clarify the molecular function of the major genes in the cell wall polysaccharides of goji berries and provide a solid foundation for further study. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots with Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Method Application for Anticounterfeiting and Encryption

The objective of this work was comparing the optical performance of hydrothermally and solvothermal synthesized unique florescent carbon quantum dots (FCQDs) from organic material and use it as a fluorescent ink for one of the significant information encryption applications. The goji berry and sucrose were used as a carbon source of experiment. FCQDs obtained by simple hydrothermal and solvothermal methods by using water, isopropanol and acetone as a solvent. The crystal structure and optical properties of the obtained carbon dots are investigated. The obtained all FCQDs are amorphous phases. The maximum emission of the obtained CDs was found at 465 nm when excited at 386 nm. The fluorescent ink potential of the synthesized FCQDs were compared and the best result found at carbon dot that synthesized from solvothermal methods with acetone solution.