Goffman's Theory Research Articles

Gaya Berpakaian Crop Top Pada Kalangan Mahasiswi Universitas Jember Untuk Pengelolaan Kesan dalam Tinjauan Teori Dramaturgi Erving Goffman

Clothing is a significant influence on the development of fashion trends today which most people follow with the desire to look trendy and fashionable. Crop top is one type of clothing that is most widely used as an outfit, especially for young people. Today's women are individuals who are very fond of making fashion changes to keep up with increasingly advanced developments, and crop top make most of them confident users, even like clothing in general nowadays. The aim of this research is to find out how clothing styles are influenced by increasingly rapid developments and how crop top clothing is used as a front stage for women and a back stage in the real lives of women who wear crop top clothing today. The method used is a qualitative method, data collection through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This research uses Erving Goffman's Dramaturgical theory. The results of the research show that Jember University students who are fans of the crop top style of clothing have reasons to get an impression from the general public in order to gain an image as a representative of today's trendy kids. So that makes them acceptable in society, but what is surprising is that the reality they have behind the public is not like what is seen on the surface. The risks that arise from this way of dressing are very diverse because the style of clothing creates an increased risk of crime.

Realitas Tersembunyi : Praktik Dramaturgi Mahasiswa Penerima Beasiswa KIPK

The KIP-Kuliah Scholarship is study assistance for prospective students from limited economic backgrounds with academic achievements. Online registration makes the process easier, but opens up opportunities for fraud, especially in data manipulation. This research adopts Goffman's Dramaturgy theory, viewing social interactions as performances where scholarship applicants act like actors. As well as using the perspective of Risk Society theory by Ulrich Beck, which states that risk is present in modern society as the impact of changes in technology, economics and social structure. This research is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. This research aims to reveal the front and back stages of students receiving KIPK scholarships. The results show dramaturgical practices where some Kipk students act as incapable individuals on the front stage but live hedonistic lives on the back stage. Ironically, modernization intended to make scholarship registration easier actually carries the risk of manipulation and hedonistic behavior among students.

Application of Goffman's Theory of Dramaturgy and Baudrillard's Concepts of Simulacrum and Simulation in the Metaverse

This study investigates social interaction within the Metaverse from the perspective of Goffman's dramaturgical theory and Baudrillard's theory of hyperreality. The Metaverse, as a deeply immersive virtual 3-D world, presents extensive opportunities for sociological analysis of the presentation of self, identity construction, and the creation of "hyperreality" within the contemporary digital world. This study employs the virtual ethnographic methods of participant observation and semi-structured interviewing within four Metaverse contexts including massive multiplayer online role-playing games, immersive social media, Metaverse conferences, and digital human live broadcasts. Results show that participant activities are clustered into three main themes, namely the replication of the self and self-idealization, the extension of the self, and identity masking/unmasking. Through employing dramaturgical theory and the theory of hyperreality, the analysis of these three themes illuminates a deeper understanding of how Metaverse social interactions both replicate and diverge from sociological understandings of the self, identity, and "reality".

SELF-REPRESENTATION IN SOCIAL MEDIA (DRAMATURGY STUDIES OF DRUG-USING ARTISTS)

Social media is one of the most existing online media used today by all groups, including artists. The existence of social media is used to support his popularity and good image in front of the public. These artists try. However, the lives of these artists are sometimes inversely proportional to their real lives, this also happened to one of the artists, namely Ardhito Pramono. This research uses data collection techniques in the form of literature studies, which are then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman techniques. The theory used in this research is Erving Goffman's dramaturgical theory. In dramaturgical theory, it is explained that in an effort to achieve a goal, a person will carry out various actions that can create a good impression of other people towards him, so that the terms front stage and backstage appear. This research produces a finding that the life of artist Ardhito Pramono is in accordance with dramaturgical theory, where there is a front stage and a backstage. On the front stage, Ardhito displays his good image through his social media by managing his appearance and creating songs that can inspire other people, especially teenagers. Meanwhile, in the backstage, Ardhito is a drug user, whose drug use is considered deviant behavior in society.

Impression management at board meetings: accountability in public and in private

PurposeTo demonstrate transparency and accountability, the three boards in this study are required to meet in public in front of an audience, although the boards reserve confidential issues for discussion in private sessions. This study examines boardroom public accountability, contrasting it with accountability in board meetings held in private. The study adopts Erving Goffman's impression management theory to interpret divergences between boardroom behaviour in public and private, or “frontstage” and “backstage” in Goffman's terminology.Design/methodology/approachThe research observes and video-records three board meetings for each of the three boards (nine board meetings), in public and private. The research operationalises accountability in terms of director-manager question-and-answer interactions.FindingsIn the presence of an audience of local stakeholders, the boards employ impression management techniques to demonstrate accountability, by creating the impression that non-executive directors are performing challenge and managers are providing satisfactory answers. Thus, they “save the show” in Goffman terms. These techniques enable board members and managers to navigate the interface between demonstrating the required good governance and the competence of the organisations and their managers, while not revealing issues that could tarnish their image and concern the stakeholders. The boards need to demonstrate to the audience that “matters are what they appear to be”, even if they are not. The research identifies behaviour consistent with impression management to manage this complexity. The authors conclude that regulatory objectives have not met their transparency aspirations.Originality/valueFor the first time, the research studies the effect of transparency regulations (“sunshine” laws) on the behaviour of boards of directors meeting in public. The study contributes to the embryonic literature based on video-taped board meetings to access the “black box” of the boardroom, which permits a study of impression management at board meetings not previously possible. This study extends prior impression management theory by identifying eleven impression management techniques that non-executive directors and managers use and which are unique to a boardroom context.

Gender, risk, and presentation of self in “caring” prison work: Insights from institutional parole officers in Canada

AbstractWhile scholars have investigated how prison workers understand and navigate occupational risks through performances of gender, most studies have focused on staff in security roles whose organizational cultures value displays of masculinities premised on characteristics such as toughness and stoicism. Less scholarly attention has considered how prison staff in nonsecurity roles, who perform duties oriented toward using interpersonal skills and helping others—characteristics that are commonly associated with female‐dominated helping professions—understand and navigate risk through gendered forms of impression management. The current study explores the question of how one such occupational group, institutional parole officers (IPOs) working in Canadian federal prisons, performs gender in response to both their perceptions of workplace risk and their occupational, and often personal, commitment to supporting the rehabilitation of prisoners. We organize and analyze our findings using Goffman's (1959) theory of impression management to demonstrate that IPOs, as they attempt to both support prisoners and mitigate the perceived risks of a prison workplace, perform gendered presentations of self that fluidly incorporate aspects of masculinities and femininities. However, we also argue that female IPOs experience greater feelings of workplace vulnerabilities and, thus, perform more impression management labor than their male counterparts. Our analysis thus deepens the limited literature on gendered presentations of self among nonsecurity prison workers by situating gender performances within the occupational risks experienced in the prison workplace.

Perspektif Dramaturgi Pada Komunikasi Antar Budaya Indonesia-Australia

Individuals meet and communicate with other individuals in various social contexts every day. They interact and communicate by bringing with them the patterns of thinking, feeling and behavior they have learned during their lives. All forms of communication must have a cultural background, and the differences that exist in the communication process become a major obstacle. This study aims to discover how communication exists amid cultural differences between Indonesia and Australia so that the communication process continues to run well, using Erving Goffman's Dramaturgy theory approach, with the concept of backstage and frontstage. This research is qualitative research using a phenomenological approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation studies. The results of this study indicate that in the preparation stage (backstage), before directly meeting and communicating with Australian families, they used two kinds of information sources: Internet References and Human References. In their daily interactions, in presenting the frontstage, there were two kinds of characters shown by the speakers, namely Westernized Indonesian and Indonesianized-Indonesian.

Virtually Hidden: A Theoretical Framework for Understanding and Conceptualising Online Drug Use Pornography

Online drug use pornography has been freely available through websites on the open internet for at least 7 years. Surprisingly there is almost no exploration of its nature, character or impacts on both performers and those engaging with this type of content within the research literature. Nor is it an issue that has engaged health care providers and other statutory and non-statutory agencies even though it may have implications within their respective domains. A preliminary scoping of the online environment is used to propose a theoretical framework that combines Goffman's performance theory with that of Turner and Schechner's positioning of ritual theory within performance theory, Butler's concept of performativity online and Luppichi's concept of the ‘technoself’. Utilising the proposed theoretical framework, it is postulated that the presence, performance and engagement of online drug use pornography is a social boundary testing and possibly breaking performance centred on iterative relationships between performer and consumers of this content.

Motif Penggunaan Second Account Instagram bagi Pelajar SMK Negeri 1 Gempol

Internet information technology spurred the existence of social media platforms that make it easier for users to interact via Instagram with second accounts. The purpose of this research is to find out the motives of students at SMK Negeri 1 Gempol in using second Instagram accounts. Erving Goffman's dramaturgical theory is combined with qualitative descriptive methods in analyzing motives. Ten informants as a source of data resulting from interviews. The results of this study explain the motives of students at SMK Negeri 1 Gempol in using second accounts on Instagram, namely as a place to store their work and hide the user's real identity from other people. Meanwhile, the motive for using the main account owned by Gempol 1 Public Vocational School students is as a place to brand themselves by sharing positive content.

Homelessness, COVID-19, and discourses of contagion

In March 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic began in Canada, public health and medical authorities quickly identified emergency shelters and people experiencing homelessness as particularly at risk of contracting and spreading COVID-19 (Knight et al., 2021). Drawing on interviews with 28 service providers in organizations that primarily serve people experiencing homelessness in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and a media scan, we explored how people who worked in and accessed these organizations negotiated discourses of contagion and infection throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper is informed by Goffman's (1963) theory of stigma, complemented by Crawford's (1994) idea of the Self and unhealthy Other. We argue that people experiencing homelessness, the spaces that they occupy, and the people they engage with, have been discursively marked as dangerous vectors of infection who present a risk to the health of the whole population, rather than as vulnerable to the health consequences and social disruption of COVID-19. Consequently, people experiencing homelessness have experienced further stigmatization throughout the pandemic as they have been separated from their communities, friends, and families, left without support or shelter, internalized blame for the spread of COVID-19, and faced dehumanization, grief, and trauma resulting from uneven COVID-19 interventions. We highlight these findings to support the application of trauma- and violence-informed care in service settings to prevent the further traumatization of people experiencing homelessness in services intended to support them.

Employee Retention Factors Affecting Generation X And Y Personnel In The IT Sector.

This study aims to find out how often Gen X and Gen Y employees leave their jobs. According to Erving Goffman's theory of frame analysis, three key factors have been found to have an effect the way people work, social values, and personal values. Using the answers of 297 employees, the effect of these factors on how people act at work in terms of whether they want to leave or stay with the organization was evaluated in this study. A survey questionnaire was used to get the information. The Neural Network Analysis and  the Binary Logistic Regression  were used to look at the data and make sure that the Predictive Analysis of Generations X and Y was accurately find out. It was found that differences in personality and behaviour between Generation X and Generation Y cause Generation Y to leave jobs more often than Generation X. Based on the sample, the researchers also made predictions about the two Generations' plans to stay and leave.

An Analysis of the Phenomenon of "Collapsing Persona" of Chinese Celebrities through Goffman's Dramaturgical Theory

In the current context of the rapid development of China's entertainment industry, the creation of a popular celebrity "persona" has become a shortcut for celebrities and their agencies to gain benefits, and celebrities can quickly gain attention and a large number of fans by constructing a "persona". However, with the rapid development of the Internet, the real face behind the celebrity's "persona" is gradually exposed to the public, and the collapse of the celebrity's "persona" is a common occurrence. The phenomenon of the collapse of celebrity "persona" has serious implications at the personal, interactive and social levels, and the communication and sociological logic and issues behind it are worth exploring and reflecting on. Therefore, this paper analyses the causes of the phenomenon and its negative effects from the perspective of Goffman's mimesis theory and makes suggestions and reflections on how to avoid the negative effects brought about by the collapse of celebrities' "personas". The study found that the collapse of celebrities' "persona" was caused by capital guidance from agencies, the uneven quality of the celebrities themselves, the rapid development of the Internet, the alienation of symbolic consumption, and the addition of fan groups to the drama class. The collapse of a celebrity's "persona" will in turn have a negative impact on these factors, not only affecting the circulation and reproduction of capital, but also deeply affecting the role perception and cultural identity of fans and society at large, fostering a negative social climate and hindering social progress and development. Therefore, in order to eliminate this phenomenon, the entire drama class needs to work together, with stars, agencies, the media, the public, especially fans and the government, and other rights holders sharing their respective social responsibilities to build a good entertainment culture and a healthy popular culture.

Повседневные взаимодействия в сети

The article analyzes the possibility of applying E. Goffman's microsociological frame analysis to everyday online interaction and the difficulties associated with this application. The article criticizes empirically unjustified and methodologically unproductive guiding distinctions: real/virtual and authentic/medial. Online interactions and digital technologies do not create a virtual reality separate from everyday life, do not make communication more mediated or less authentic, but are embedded in the existing everyday reality and provide alternative tools for impression management, impose specific technical constraints and provide specific opportunities. The rich tools of E. Hoffman's frame analysis can be effectively applied to the study of online interaction, provided that two assumptions are reconsidered: the special status of face-to-face interaction and blindness to things. In place of these positions, we propose a symmetrical description of face-to-face and online interaction, as well as an increased attention to the logic of technical and interface couplings of digital media. We conclude that revisiting these provisions will not destroy the conceptual core of E. Goffman's theory, but rather will allow us to apply frame analysis to the study of online interaction rituals. The microsociology of everyday life can complement the theoretical constructs of the Science and technology studies and Actor-network theory, which leave everyday interactions, the grammar of the interaction order, and the “Lebenswelt” on the periphery of research.

AKTUALISASI DIRI DAN MEDIA SOSIAL (DRAMATURGI KAUM MILENIAL DALAM MEDIA SOSIAL TIKTOK)

This study questions the dramaturgy of millennials in Mataram City in the Tiktok social media space. This research is designed in qualitative research with a phenomenological model. The purpose of this research is to conduct scientific studies to contribute ideas to the development of science, especially in the field of communication science. Data collection techniques applied in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. The research data were analyzed by data reduction techniques, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. To simplify the analysis process, Erving Goffman's Dramaturgy theory is used. Based on the results of the study, it was found that it was important that the presence of TikTok as a popular social media platform among millennials in Mataram City became a means of self-actualization in building self-existence. Aware of self-assessment through social media, the account owners carry out management construction to display the image or picture in another version. This is done for specific goals and objectives to be achieved. TikTok social media allows users to show a picture of themselves as desired but react to the impression displayed by the public. On TikTok social media, the front stage, which is the actor's area in constructing impression management, and the backstage, the scope of ​​the actor who describes his actual situation, can be presented simultaneously.

'Leave or remain': intentions of Gen X and Y employees.

This study looks into a predictive model to ascertain the turnover of Generation ‘X’ and ‘Y’ employees. Based on Erving Goffman’s frame analysis theory, three key factors such as the nature of working styles, social values and the personal values have been identified as influencing factors. The impact of these factors on workplace behavior in terms of intention to leave or remain with the organization has been tested using responses of 297 employees. The data were collected using a survey questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Binary Logistic Regression and the Neural Network Analysis to ensure the level of accuracy in Predictive Analysis of Generation X and Y. It was found that differences in characteristics and behavior between the two Generations lead to a higher turnover rate in Generation ‘Y’ than in Generation ‘X’. Moreover, the researchers predicted data related to retention and intention to leave of the two Generations based on the sample.

Social Encounters and the Worlds Beyond: Putting Situationalism to Work for Qualitative Interviews

In Goffman's terms, qualitative interviews are social encounters with their own realities. Hence, the ‘situational critique’ holds that interviews cannot produce knowledge about the world beyond these encounters, and that other methods, ethnography in particular, render lived life more accurately. The situational critique cannot be dismissed; yet interviewing remains an indispensable sociological tool. This paper demonstrates the value that situationalism holds for interviewing. We examine seemingly contradictory findings from interview studies of middle-class identity (cultural hierarchies and/or egalitarianism?). We then render these contradictions comprehensible by interpreting data excerpts through ‘methodological situationalism’: Goffman's theories of interaction order, ritual, and frontstage/backstage. In ‘situationalist interviewing,’ we suggest that sociologists be attentive to the ‘imagined audiences’ and ‘imagined communities’. These are key to identifying the situations, interaction orders, and cultural repertoires that lie beyond the interview encounter, but to which it refers. In sum, we argue for greater situational awareness among sociologists who must rely on interviews. We also discuss techniques and measures that can facilitate situational awareness. A promise of situational interviewing is that it helps us make sense of contradictions, ambiguities, and disagreements within and between interviews.

A DISCUSSION OF STREETWEAR FASHION AS A CULT: A QUALITATIVE APPROACH

Clothing continues to be a symbolic consumer product with layers of meaning. Fashion has taken on social, cultural, and religious meanings. This study focuses on the new wave of streetwear as seen by millennials and uses fashion brands as cults and Goffman's theory of the internal and external self as a basis for analysis, with the aim of furthering the critical discussion of fashion. Qualitative methods were used in the analysis. First, key themes were identified from information posted on Twitter about streetwear, and based on this information, interviews with 18 participants were conducted, and thematic analysis was applied to the text data to visualize the connotations and values of street fashion in the consumer's consciousness. Text mining software, KH Coder, was used for the analysis. The results revealed that streetwear shoppers perceive streetwear as a tool to strengthen ties between shoppers of the same brand and as a cult value that encourages commitment to a particular brand. Streetwear shoppers, on the other hand, perceive the impact of wearing a particular brand of streetwear fashion as a communication tool that demonstrates their internal beliefs and ideas. And this study found that in the consciousness of street fashion-wearing millennials, they understand the concept proposed by Goffman's theory of dramaturgy, the consciousness of "getting on stage and performing," as a metaphor for wearing street fashion. To the theme of "fashion cults," which has already been established as one of the debates in fashion research, we propose an agenda for discussion that further extends Goffman's dramaturgy, provided by sociology, to shed light on the perspectives and behaviours of contemporary consumers, which will be useful for future discussions in the field of research.

The role of Inclusionary Othering in Public Health

Abstract Inclusionary Othering has been established in public health literature, in addition to Exclusionary Othering. The concept of Inclusionary Othering was introduced by Mary Canales (2000, 2001, 2010). She developed this term in her doctoral thesis (1998), in which she dealt with the topic of Othering in the context of nursing care. Her conceptualization of Othering focuses primarily on approaches of Symbolic Interactionism. In particular, the theory of role-taking coined by George H. Mead (1962) plays an essential role in the rise of the notion of an ‘inclusive' potential of Othering. Theoretical approaches applied to conceptualize Inclusionary Othering, such as Goffman's stigmatization theory and Mead's theory of role-taking, have been explored in their explanatory power on Othering. Following this, in the context of which Othering emerged, the postcolonial theory was used to discuss whether Othering can have an ‘inclusive' impact in the context of public health. The Symbolic Interactionist approaches analyzed do not use the term Othering. Goffman's stigmatization approach is well suited to explain attribution processes that reduce the Other to a status of deviance. Stereotypical attributions are a necessary component of Othering. Mead's role theory, however, neglects the power asymmetry between the Other and the Non-Other. Accordingly, the hegemonic status of the Non-Other and the structural privileges he or she has remained untouched in the process of role-taking. Moreover, the approach focuses on an interactional level and does not consider the historical, discursive, and structural levels significant for Othering processes in health care settings. Othering already creates exclusion in the construction of Others and therefore cannot have any inclusive effects. In dealing with the consequences of Othering in health care, it is recommended to refer less to inclusion and, instead, to deconstructivist approaches such as critical whiteness.

The Reinvented accounting firm office: Impression management for efficiency, client relations and cost control

The office has become a large scale organisational phenomenon accommodating large numbers of organisational employees most often housed in open plan and Activity Based Working settings that arguably resemble the new factory. This study examines contemporary Big 4 accounting firm office design innovations and their representation with a view to eliciting their claimed rationales, reflections of historical office design and management thinking, and apparent strategic agendas with respect to office efficiency, client relations and cost control involved in their offering of professional services. In doing so, it also explores the implications that public practice firms' office design may have for auditor independence and audit quality. Informed by Goffman's theories of impression management, the study employs historical and website analysis, finding a predominant firm focus on office efficiency and client relations with an undercurrent of cost reduction and revenue enhancement aspirations. While represented as innovative current office design and work pattern developments, public practice accounting firm office innovations and intentions are found to significantly reflect historical office design and management thinking, with dramaturgical circumspection of floor designs and props oriented towards creating front stage performances predesigned for clients' impression management. Where backstage redesign and frame breaking does not produce desired employee performance changes, some signs of retreating to more traditional floor redesign and territorial marker usage are evident. The study also signals the potential for innovative accounting firm office designs to carry some significant impacts upon audit independence and audit quality.

Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA): a bibliometric and patents analysis

Abstract: The Systemic Theoretical Process Analysis (STPA) model is used for hazard analysis and accident prevention, based on systemic thinking and the identification of causal scenarios, created by Professor Nancy Leveson of the Institute of Technology of Massachusetts (MIT). The purpose of this article is to perform a bibliometric and patent analysis of the STPA model. Since bibliometry is an important tool in the analysis of scientific production, this method is used as a descriptive statistic, for the purposes of this study, the concepts of Goffman's Epidemic Theory were highlighted, under a mainly qualitative analysis, for a study of decline and ascent scientific method. For the bibliometric analysis, the main page of Professor Nancy Leveson was used in MIT's Web site, besides the Web of Science, Mendeley, ResearchGate, Village of Engineering and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Aiming to cover the patents analysis it was used the Derwent, IHS and Orbit research bases. Defining as search term “Analysis of the Theoretical Process of Systems” and “STPA”, searched in the title, abstract and keywords. A total of 171 publications (1990 to 2017) were found, with 89 specific references of the STPA model (2002 to 2017), addressing several subjects such as: definitions, steps, complements to the model, areas of application and use of the model with another risk analysis tool. At the end of this article are highlighted the main works of the STPA model, tools of support and analysis, serving as base and favoring future works.