Goat Meat Research Articles

Bioaccumulation of radionuclides in hoofed animals inhabiting the Semipalatinsk Test Site.

The article assesses the content of radionuclides in hoofed animals inhabiting the Semipalatinsk Test Site by calculation. Hoofed animals' faeces were sampled to determine the content of radionuclides in their diets. Based on values determined for the content of radionuclides in animals; diets, the content of radionuclides in the meat and milk of farm animals-cows (Bos taurus taurus), sheep (Ovis), goats (Capra hircus) and horses (Equus caballus Lin., 1758) as well as in the meat of wild animals-european moose (Alces alces Lin., 1758), argali (Ovis ammon Lin., 1758), roe deer (Capreolus pygargus Pal., 1771) and saiga (Saiga tatarica Lin., 1766) was calculated. No excess of permissible values of the content of 137Cs and 90Sr in the meat of farm animals was found to be expected, even for a conventional 'conservative' scenario, in which maxima of the radionuclide activity concentration in a vegetable feed (faeces) are taken as a basis. 241Am and 239+240Pu in the meat of farm hoofed animals are not standardized. Their predicted maxima of activity concentration are very low, and even in the 'conservative' scenario, they do not exceed 1.8×10-2 Bq kg-1, 1.4×10-1 Bq kg-1 and 1.6×10-1 Bq kg-1, respectively. In the milk of farm animals, the content of 137Cs and 90Sr does not exceed permissible values. 241Am and 239+240Pu in the milk of farm animals are not standardized. Their predicted activity concentration values in the milk of sheep and goats do not exceed 6.5×10-2 Bq l-1, for cows- 2.6×10-2 Bq l-1, for horses- 3.1×10-2 Bq l-1. Permissible values of 137Cs and 90Sr in the meat of wild hoofed animals are not exceeded either. In the meat of argali, roe deer and saigas, relatively high levels of 137Cs are predictable. 241Am and 239+240Pu in meat of wild animals are not standardized. Their predicted activity concentration values in the meat of moose and argali do not exceed 3.2×10-1 Bq kg-1 and 1.6×10-1 Bq kg-1, respectively, for roe deer and saiga-5.4×10-2 Bq kg-1. Thus, in case of free grazing in the STS territory, no excess of permissible values of standardized radionuclides (137Cs and 90Sr) in the meat and milk of hoofed animals is predictable.

Morphology and reproductivity profiling of male Senduro goats based on age differences

Senduro goats, a local breed of meat and dairy goats from Indonesia, are recognized for their significance in improving goat breeding and preserving valuable genetic resources. However, limited information exists regarding the reproductive physiology of Senduro goats, which poses challenges to the development of breeding programs and the preservation of genetic resources. This study aimed to investigate the morphological and reproductive profiles of male Senduro goats at different ages, focusing on morphological characteristics, mating behavior, and sperm quality. Morphological characteristics are assessed through body length measurements, while mating behavior serves as an indicator of reproductive behavior. Macroscopic evaluations of sperm quality include assessments of color, viscosity, pH, and volume, while microscopic examinations encompass motility (mass and individual), viability, and spermatozoa membrane integrity. The results showed morphological similarities between juvenile and adult samples, with their testicular size being the only significant difference. Based on macroscopic and microscopic examinations, no significant differences were found between groups. From the results it was concluded that there were no distinct differences in morphological characteristics, mating behavior, and sperm quality between male Senduro goats in the juvenile and adult stages.

Goat Livestock Business Potential Viewed from Population and Production in Indonesia

Judging from the development aspect, the goat livestock business is very potential, easy to cultivate, both daily and commercially. Goats have several advantages and economic potential, their bodies are relatively small, they reach maturity quickly, and they are easy to maintain. Goat farming business is very easy, does not require large areas of land, relatively small business capital investment, easy to market and business capital rotates quickly.This paper aimed to determine the potential for goat farming in terms of the population and production of goats in Indonesia. This paper examines quantitative data from the last 5 years. The results show that the demand for goat meat in Indonesia is quite high because goats are one of the most consumed livestock by the people of Indonesia, the high level of demand is inseparable from the function of goat farming.

A Role of Multi-Omics Technologies in Sheep and Goat Meats: Progress and Way Ahead.

Sheep and goat meats are increasingly popular worldwide due to their superior nutritional properties and distinctive flavor profiles. In recent decades, substantial progress in meat science has facilitated in-depth examinations of ovine and caprine muscle development during the antemortem phase, as well as post-mortem changes influencing meat attributes. To elucidate the intrinsic molecular mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers associated with meat quality, the methodologies employed have evolved from traditional physicochemical parameters (such as color, tenderness, water holding capacity, flavor, and pH) to some cutting-edge omics technologies, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approaches. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of multi-omics techniques and their applications in unraveling sheep and goat meat quality attributes. In addition, the challenges and future perspectives associated with implementing multi-omics technologies in this area of study are discussed. Multi-omics tools can contribute to deciphering the molecular mechanism responsible for the altered the meat quality of sheep and goats across transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic dimensions. The application of multi-omics technologies holds great potential in exploring and identifying biomarkers for meat quality and quality control, thereby promoting the optimization of production processes in the sheep and goat meat industry.

PSIII-14 The Effects of Co-Twin Sex on Fitness Traits in Young Meat Goat Does

Abstract This study examined if co-twin status influenced reproductive and health traits in meat goat does. Herd records of does identified as twin-born between 2003-2022 in the Tennessee State University Research herd were evaluated for fitness traits as two and three-year-olds. Twin category (TC) was classified as female co-twin (n = 188; FT) or male co-twin (n = 194; MT). Study does were the crossbred or purebred daughters of Kiko, Myotonic, Spanish, and South African (Boer and Savanna) sire breeds. Traits analyzed were birth weight (BWT), weaning weight ratio (WWR), doe breeding body weight (DWT), fecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), kidding rate (KR), weaning rate (WR), and survival rate (SR) using MIXED and GLIMMIX models of SAS. Birth weight revealed doe sire breed (P < 0.0001) and twin category (P = 0.002) were significant. Study does born with a FT were heavier (2.68 ± 0.06 vs. 2.53 ± 0.06 kg) than does born with MT. South African breeds were heavier (P < 0.0001) than all three breeds, while the Myotonic was lighter (P < 0.0001) than all three breeds. Weaning weight ratio revealed the interaction of TC with doe sire breed (P = 0.05) was significant. The interaction showed that FT Spanish does had a greater (P = 0.01) WWR than MT Spanish does (103.90 ± 2.86 vs. 91.69 ± 2.94). Sire breed (P < 0.0001) and doe age (P < 0.0001) were significant for doe breeding weights but not twin category (P = 0.47). Twin category was significant (P = 0.01) for breeding FEC; does with FT had decreased counts (2.53 ± 0.12 vs 2.34 ± 0.12 eggs/g) than does with a MT. Doe age and TC were not significant for breeding PCV while sire breed (P = 0.01) was significant. Doe age, litter size born, and TC were not significant for kidding FEC and PCV. Doe sire breed was significant (P = 0.003) for kidding FEC. The interaction of TC and litter size weaned was significant for weaning FEC (P = 0.01) and weaning PCV (P = 0.04). The nature of the interaction was within TC class for litter size differences. Doe age (P = 0.008) and sire breed (P < 0.0001) were significant for weaning FEC whereas TC was not significant (P = 0.47). Sire breed (P = 0.86) and TC (P = 0.71) were not significant for SR. Sire breed (P < 0.0001) was significant for KR and WR but not TC (P = 0.29 and P = 0.13). Based on the findings of this study, sex of co-twin had limited influence for the traits tested. Sire breed and doe age had more impact on the traits tested.

PSII-1 Determining Appropriate Numbers and Times of Daily Measurements to Estimate Ruminal Methane Emission of Meat Goats Using a Greenfeed System

Abstract The study was conducted to determine appropriate numbers and times of daily measurements to estimate methane production by meat goats using a GreenFeed (GF) system. Sixteen Boer wethers with an initial age of 7.4 ± 0.08 months and BW of 20.02 ± 0.71 kg were situated in a 12.4 × 12.4 pen. Oat hay, which was the major dietary constituent, was offered twice daily in individual Calan Gate feeders. Concentrate-based pellets were used as bait feed to attract animals to visit the GF regularly. The system was programed using C-Lock Inc. software to automatically dispense a small amount of pellets (120 g/day) and to measure methane production using sensors in the system. Each animal had a unique RFID tag identified by RFID reader in the system. There were 3, 4, and 6 equally spaced 1-h feeding and measurement periods (i.e., 0600-0700, 1400-1500, and 2200-2300 h for GF-3T, 0700-0800, 1300-1400, 1900-2000, and 0100-0200 h for GF-4T, and 0800-0900, 1200-1300, 1600-1700, 2000-2100, 0000-0100, and 0400-0500 h for GF-6T, respectively). The study was a Latin square with each feeding period assigned to each animal for a 2-wk period. Data were analyzed with mixed model procedures of SAS. Methane emission in g/day and g/kg dry matter intake (DMI) were not impacted by feeding period (P > 0.05). When expressed in g/min, g/visit, and g·visit-1·min-1, differences in CH4 production between feeding schedule were significant (P < 0.02). The GF-6T treatment resulted in greatest emission of CH4 in g/min (5.7, 5.9, and 6.6 for GF-3T, GF-4T, and GF-6T, respectively; P < 0.04). On the other hand, CH4 emission in g/visit ranked (P < 0.05) GF-3T > GF-4T > GF-6T (12.8, 10.9, and 7.3, respectively). Regarding CH4 intensity (g/kg BW), the differences between treatments were not significant (1.10, 1.17, and 1.16 for GF-3T, GF-4T, and GF-6T, respectively; P = 0.24). Heat production (MJ/day), which was calculated from CH4, CO2, and O2 production, was greater (P < 0.05) for GF-3T (8.1) than for GF-6T (7.6), with that for GF-4T intermediate (7.6; P > 0.05). Animals of GF-3T, GF-4T, and GF-6T visited the GF 2.1, 2.8, and 3.8 times per day, which significantly (P < 0.001) differed from each other. Average visit length was similar for GF-3T and GF-4T (P > 0.05) and greater (P < 0.05) than for GF-6T (4.6, 4.6, and 4.1 min for GF-3T, GF-4T, and GF-6T, respectively). In conclusion, results of the study indicate that at least 3 daily feeding or measurement periods should occur between 0600 and 0700, 1400 and 1500, and 2200 and 2300 h to accurately estimate methane production using a GF system in a confinement setting.

PSIV-10 Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Fertilized and Unfertilized Sericea Lespedeza Hay on Performance and Plasma Metabolome of Naturally Infected Goats

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the dietary inclusion of unfertilized (AS) and fertilized (AR) sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) hay on body weight (BW), average daily gain, and plasma metabolome of goats. Thirty-six naturally parasite-infected (>5000 eggs/gram) 9-month-old intact male Spanish goats (23.9 ± 0.15 kg) were randomly allocated (12 goats per treatment) into three dietary treatments: a) Control (bermudagrass hay), b) AS (unfertilized lespedeza), and c) AR (fertilized lespedeza) for a 60-day pen feeding trial. All treatments were supplemented with a commercial concentrate following a 70:30 forage:concentrate ratio. Feed samples, blood samples, and BW were collected and recorded weekly to estimate chemical composition, initial and final BW, and average daily gain (ADG). Metabolome analysis of the plasma samples was performed using a chemical isotope labelling/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based technique. Pathway enrichment analysis and analysis of the differentially abundant metabolites were performed using MetaboAnalyst 5.0 software. All other data were analyzed following the GLIMMIX procedure (repeated measures) of SAS, with the fixed effect of treatment, week, and the random effect of animals. Chemical composition revealed greater (P ≤ 0.05) CP (15.6 vs. 12%) and NDF (50 vs. 40.8%) in AR hay compared with AS hay. Compared with the control, dietary AR increased (P < 0.05) final BW (30.1 vs. 27.3 kg) and ADG (130.2 vs. 84.5 g/d) in parasite-infected goats. Compared with the control, nitrogen metabolism was enriched (P ≤ 0.05) in AR and AS goats. Compared with AR, the lysine degradation pathway was enriched in AS (P = 7.51 x 10-6) animals. Moreover, the relative concentration of β-leucine was greater (P < 0.05) in goats on the AR diet compared with the control. Results from this research suggest that both AS and AR sericea lespedeza increased nitrogen metabolism in parasite-infected goats. However, dietary AR hay reduced lysine degradation or increased plasma β-leucine concentration compared with AS and the control, respectively. In conclusion, dietary AR lespedeza hay improved the growth performance of parasite-infected meat goats by preventing amino acid degradation and increasing leucine availability, which may help promote muscle regeneration.

PSII-2 Effects of Natural Sources of Brackish/Saline Water on Water and Feed Intake, Digestion, Physiological Conditions, and Performance of Yearling Meat Goats

Abstract This experiment was aimed to determine how variables such as water intake, feed intake, ruminal conditions, digestion, blood constituent levels, energy metabolism, and performance of yearling meat goats are influenced by different natural sources of brackish/saline water. Two animal types (AT), 18 Boer (BOE) and 18 Spanish (SPA) doelings, with the age of 8.9 ± 0.306, and 9.7 ± 0.212 months, respectively were used for the experiment which lasted 17 weeks (16 weeks for the experiment and 1 week of adaptation). Drinking water treatments were fresh water (FRW), West pasture Brackish water (BRW), water classified by USGS as group 1 (GR-1), 2 (GR-2), 3 (GR-3), and the last one did not fit well with any USGS group (G-UC). Animals were fed a medium-quality grass hay primarily consisting of lespedeza and with some Johnson grass (12.2% CP, and 48% NDF on a DM basis) and a supplement was provided at 0.2% BW (DM basis) to supply trace minerals, vitamins, and protein. Average daily gain was similar (P > 0.05) among treatments (16.3, 20.1, 21.1, 20.7, 23.3, and 26.5 g/day SEM = 6.378 for FRW, BRW, GR-1, GR-2, GR-3 and G-UC, respectively), and between AT (19.9 and 22.7 g/day SEM = 3.90 for BOE and SPA, respectively). Treatment did not affect water (P = 0.752; 830, 767, 821, 796, 855, and 857 g/day; SEM = 47.86) or hay intake (P = 0.862; 682, 654, 641, 674, 650, and 689 g/day SEM = 31.72), and also there were no differences between AT in intakes of water (P = 0.157; 850 and 793 g/day; SEM = 27.63) and hay (P = 0.165; 684 and 647 g/day SEM = 18.31) for BOE and SPA, respectively. Treatment had no effect on blood packed cell volume (PCV; P = 0.224; 28, 27.4, 29.7, 25.7, 26.2, 27.5%), hemoglobin concentration (tHb; P = 0.489; 11.2, 10.6, 11.2, 10.4, 10.3, 10.6 g/dL) or osmolality (310, 310, 309, 310, 309, and 309 mOsm/L) for FRW, BRW, GR-1, GR-2, GR-3 and G-UC, respectively. But there were differences between AT in PCV (P < 0.001; 24.8 and 30%) and tHb (P < 0.001; 9.71 and 11.7 g/dL) for BOE and SPA, respectively. Animal types differed in their heat (P = 0.046; 3.94 and 3.70 MJ/day; SEM = 0.081) and methane production (P < 0.001; 0.50 and 0.42 MJ/day; SEM = 0.014) for BOE and SPA, respectively; but treatment did not affect heat energy (P = 0.861; 3.84, 3.77, 3.67, 3.88, 3.88, 3.86 MJ/day SEM = 0.1409) or methane energy (P = 0.634; 0.46, 0.43, 0.45, 0.47, 0.48, 0.48; SEM = 0.0241) for FRW, BRW, GR-1, GR-2, GR-3 and G-UC, respectively. Though differences existed between animal types, considering lack of effect of drinking water used in the studied parameters, the animals seemed resilient to the brackish water from West pasture, USGS group 1, 2, 3 and the unclassified water.

The Drivers of U.S. Meat Goat Prices: A Hedonic Analysis of Goat Auction Data

AbstractThis study employs a hedonic price model on slaughter goat auction data to examine the factors affecting U.S. meat goat prices. Wether-kids and wethers with superior muscularity receive high premiums in the auction markets. We find a non-linear relationship between average price and average weight, with the average price declining with increasing average weight within the reasonable weight range. The results reveal a seasonal effect on U.S. meat goat prices, primarily due to the seasonality of goat supply caused by goat breeding practices. Our results do not show a significant effect of the foreign-born population on meat goat auction prices.

Quality of cattle, buffalo & goat meat keema at different storage temperature

The aim of the study was to compare the quality and safety of meat keema during storage at spot and refrigeration (4±1°C) temperature for a specific storage period. Six samples of Buffalo, Beef and Goat meat were collected from Kamal Ronjit-market ("K.R. Market") of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh and processed into meat keema. The keema was prepared by standardized formulations, processed and were stored at ambient (37±1°C) and refrigeration (4±1°C) temperature and the quality was compared. In case of the hot-boned keema, the MDA (Melondialdehyde) of meat keema was significantly (p< 0.05) higher in goat meat than others. Water activity was higher in buffalo meat than others although the values did not differ significantly (p> 0.05). Ash content was significantly (p< 0.05) higher in buffalo meat than others. WHC (Water holding capacity) was significantly (p< 0.05) higher in goat meat than buffalo meat. Cooking loss was significantly (p< 0.05) higher in beef and goat meat than buffalo meat. Color (yellowness) was significantly (p< 0.05) higher in beef than buffalo meat. Meat pH, Keema pH, Color (lightness), Color (redness) values did not differ significantly (p> 0.05) within the three species. In case of chilled-boned keema of Buffalo, Beef and Goat meat, the MDA and water activity were higher in goat meat than others although the values did not differ significantly (p> 0.05). It is revealed from the study that the Buffalo meat keema (hot-boned and chilled-boned) showed better in meat quality attributes compared to the others. Beef, buffalo and goat meat keema stored in ambient temperature stored resulted in significant deterioration of quality parameters compared to the refrigeration storage.

Investigating trends in consumer preferences and willingness to pay for lamb and goat meat: A case study from Florida

AbstractConsidering the growing demand for healthy and environmentally conscious food products in the United States, lamb and goat meat have proved to be beneficial alternatives to other red meats. This study investigates consumer trends and preferences for lamb and goat meat in Florida and sheds light on regional preferences for these products, providing groundwork for further studies. An online survey was conducted using 924 primary shoppers in Florida. Respondents were asked questions regarding demographic characteristics, behavioral qualities, and attributes associated with meat‐buying consumers. A contingent valuation method was used to derive willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) estimates by having participants report the maximum price they would pay for one pound of shoulder cut from lamb or goat. This study focuses on WTP for lamb/goat meat and uses Tobit regression analyses to test relationships between WTP and the consumer attributes described. Various regression specifications were estimated in the analyses to examine the robustness of significant correlations. Results surrounding the consumer WTP were similar for lamb and goat meat, showing that: (1) adventurousness when tasting food is positively correlated with WTP, (2) younger generations (Millennials and Gen Z) tend to have a higher WTP than older generations (Baby Boomers and the Silent Generation), (3) having tasted/liked lamb/goat meat previously both seem to positively influence WTP, (4) importance of access to culturally significant food products is positively correlated with WTP for lamb meat only, and (5) identifying as Hispanic had a negative correlation with WTP for goat meat only.

Decision Making Steps in Consumers Preference and Perceptual Map about Goat Meat (Chevon) in Gujarat State

Decision Making Steps in Consumers Preference and Perceptual Map about Goat Meat (Chevon) in Gujarat State

Comparison of muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality between newborn and adult Haimen goats

Goat meat is popular with consumers for its rich nutritional content. Muscle fiber characteristics have been shown to play a crucial role in determining the quantity and quality of meat. However, little is known about the temporal changes in muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality during growth in goats. In this study, muscle fiber type, fiber diameter, fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), glycolytic potential (GP), meat pH, and meat color were analyzed in the gastrocnemius (GAS), gluteus medius (GM), biceps brachii (BB), longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles from newborn (NHMG) and adult (AHMG) Haimen goats. The distribution of type I and type Π fiber in goats is not consistent across the four muscles and undergoes alterations with age. The diameter and CSA of the muscle fibers were similar among the four NHMG muscles. However, in AHMG, the LL muscle had the largest fiber in terms of both diameter and CSA, followed by BB, GM, and GAS muscles. Moreover, the CSA of type Π fibers was higher than that of type I fibers in both NHMG and AHMG. GP values ranged from 90 to 140 umol/g across the muscle and no significant differences were observed. AHMG had a higher pH level and a* value, but lower L* and b* values than NHMG. Overall, our findings enhance our understanding of the changes in muscle fiber type and meat quality during the growth in Haimen goats and provide a basis for future research on the development and transformation of muscle fibers in goats.

Use of probiotic preparations to increase productive qualities in goats: a review

An analytical review of scientific publications on probiotics in goat breeding was carried out. It has been established that the most popular probiotic microorganisms in goat farming are bacteria of the species Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum and single-celled yeast of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Including probiotic microflora in the diet increases the number of bacteria in the rumen contents of goats. Reducing the number of Clostridia and Escherichia coli in animal faeces is achieved by replacing the native faecal microflora with streptococci and lactic acid bacteria. It has been shown that feeding probiotic preparations is accompanied by an improvement in the metabolic status in the body of goats and is expressed by an increase in the concentration of total protein and its fractions, haemoglobin, erythrocytes, macro- and microelements in the blood of animals, and optimisation of lipid metabolism. Probiotics help preserve villi and inhibit inflammation of the intestinal epithelium of animals, exhibit antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties, and help reduce putrescine concentration in faeces. Feeding probiotics ensures an increase in daily milk yield, fat and protein content by increasing the digestibility of diet solids, primarily crude fibre. The probiotic potential of some microorganisms is expressed in increased concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids in goat milk and meat with a decrease in the atherogenic index of raw materials. The use of drugs helps to increase the absolute increase in live weight of goat kids against the background of the harmonious development of the physique of young animals due to the production of microbial phytase, a decrease in the redox potential of chyme and an increase in the number of microorganisms that consume lactic acid. Some authors report the absence of a significant effect when using probiotics in feeding lactating animals and raising goat kids.

First comparison of early post-mortem proteomes in two goat muscle types: M. Longissimus thoracis and M. semitendinosus

This study aimed to characterize and compare the muscle proteomes of goat Longissimus thoracis (LT) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscles taken early post-mortem from young crossbred males. Thanks to a quantitative proteomics approach, 129 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. The proteins belong to five interconnected biological pathways: muscle contraction and structure (n = 47), catalytic, metabolism & ATP processes (n = 33), binding and transport (n = 23), oxidative stress and cell redox homeostasis (n = 10), response to stress and protein folding (n = 6). An additional group of miscellaneous proteins (n = 10) grouped proteins playing other functions. The chemometrics analyses allowed clear separations of the muscles and evidenced 14 common proteins (ACTB, ACTN3, TMOD4, TPM3, TNNT1, AK1, AKR1B1, ACAA2, GPI, AGL, DNPEP, RTN4, ATP2A1, and CAVIN4) that could be considered as potential biomarkers. Overall, the study provided the first insights on the differences between goat LT and ST muscles and the basis related to the regulation of the skeletal muscle. Moreover, it resulted that a better understanding of the muscle characteristics would help in developing practices/processes to monitor meat quality and reduce the variations in fresh quality of meat, aged meat, and/or processed goat meat products.

Molecular Mechanism of ε-Polylysine Treatment of Animal-Derived Foods: Glycine Amidinotransferase Activity Implicates Upregulation of l-Arginine and Creatine.

ε-Polylysine is a novel food preservative approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), yet the mechanism of its effect on animal-derived foods remains unclear. Assessment of the effect of preservatives on goat meat products is necessary. Herein, metabolite accumulation and protein expression of ε-polylysine (0.025%, w/w) spiked with goat meat were investigated by nontarget metabolomics and proteomics combined with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) in a simulated in vitro digestion model. The amino side chain of ε-polylysine increased the activity of glycine aminotransferase due to its nucleophilic nature, inducing a significant upregulation of l-arginine (0.43-0.72 mg kg-1) and creatine (3.98-6.89 mg kg-1), with an improvement in muscle quality of goat meat. Downregulation of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase expression led to upregulation of l-phenylalanine (2.26-3.25 mg kg-1) and l-tyrosine (0.98-1.29 mg kg-1). Collectively, this study first revealed the biochemical mechanism of ε-polylysine in goat meat products, which makes available new prospects for more accurate use of ε-polylysine in animal-derived foods.

Age, sex, and chilling effects on goat meat

Production and processing factors that affect native goat meat quality are non-existent in the literature. The current study explored age, sex, and chilling effects on 48 goat carcasses cut in half by halal standards and shifting one half immediately to a walk-in chiller at 0–4°C [rapid chilling (RC)] and the other half at 26 ± 2°C [delayed chilling (DC)]. Results showed that Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) was significantly affected by RC. Cooking loss and color (L*) parameters were significantly higher in young male animals. Chroma values were significantly higher in DC. In conclusion, DC enhances meat quality and tenderness.

Earthworm as a Better Feed Component for Growth And Metamorphosis of <i>Bufo stomaticus</i>

Laboratory rearing of Bufo stomaticus tadpoles indicated that change In food types affected larval growth rate and duration of metamorphosis. Tadpoles fed with only earthworm tissue of its combination grew better and metamorphosed earlier than those fed only goat meat or its combination. Hence utilisation of earthworm tissue in place of goat meat ts suggested to prepare the mixed diet for laboratory culture of anuran tadpoles.

Effect of Adding Batak Onions (Allium chinense G. Don.) on Water Content and Ash Content of Mutton Meat Rendang

Aims: The aim of this research is to determine the water content and ash content of goat meat rendang with the addition of Batak onions in the processing process.
 Study Design: Qualitative description.
 Place and Duration of Study: Vahana Scientific Laboratory, West Sumatera.
 Methodology: This study used an experimental method with a non-factorial completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4replications. The parameters tested were water content and ash content.
 Results: The results showed that there was a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the water content and ash content.
 Conclusion: Batak onions can increase the nutritional value of mutton rendang seen from the water content and ash content.

Association of DGAT1 with goat milk and meat production traits

Genetic factors can influence the composition of milk fat and its genetic variation. The purpose of our work was to familiarize and study the structure, role, and influence of the DGAT1 (or diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase 1) gene on goat milk production, its structure, and relationship with milk fat for further research in improving the goat selection system. The selection of goats, aimed at increasing the frequency of alleles with a positive effect on this trait, was initiated by geneticists. In general, identifying and evaluating genetic markers for milk performance traits are the initial and crucial steps for establishing a marker-assisted selection system (MAS). Thus, increasing productivity through genetic selection is a common goal for many animal breeding programs worldwide. The amount of milk, milk fat, and proteins are essential features of dairy farming. In cheese production, milk fatty acids perform a crucial technical function, as they are the main building blocks of milk fat, giving the cheese its unique taste and textural properties. Milk fatty acids are necessary for producing many dairy products, while intramuscular fat is associated with meat quality. Triacylglycerols (TAG) are the main components of intramuscular fat and milk fat. Therefore, understanding polymorphisms and genes related to fat synthesis is essential for animal husbandry. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes associated with milk production traits has been supported by various studies over the past decade. It was established that QTL genes on chromosomes 14, 15, and 9 are related to the properties of milk and meat production in goats. The presence of the diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene in goat chromosomes 14, 15, and 9 has been reported. Having a key role in fat metabolism and TAG synthesis, DGAT1 genes have attracted considerable attention, especially in animal milk production. Several polymorphisms have been documented in DGAT1 in different animal species, including many cattle and small cattle, for their association with milk production traits. The critical role of the DGAT1 gene in milk fat metabolism makes it an exciting candidate for genetic variation in milk characteristics in dairy goats.