Application Of Goat Manure Research Articles

Growth Attributing Traits of Maize Affected by Different Nutrient Management in Lamjung Nepal

A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2016 at research field of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Lamjung, Nepal to evaluate effect of different nutrient management on growth attributing traits of maize. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having three replications with following treatments; T1( Control), T2 (0.18:0.09:0.06 kg NPK), T3 (3.75 kg vermicompost), T4 (7.5 kg Poultry manure), T5 (11.25 kg goat manure), T6(15 kg cattle manure) and T7(13 kg Asuro). All these fertilizers were used per plot (15 m2) and the maize variety was Arun-2. The results showed that the application of poultry manure produced the highest plant height, leaf area index and dry matter which was followed by vermicompost. The application of goat manure gave the highest benefit cost ratio.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 98-101

PENGARUH DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP STABILITAS AGREGAT TANAH PADA SISTEM PERTANIAN ORGANIK

<p>Organic matter is important to soil aggregate stability. The research of effect dosage of goat manure tos oil aggregate in organic farming system was do neon Andisols soil in Permata Hati Farm, CiburialHamlet, North Tugu village, Cisarua sub-district, Bogor district, West Java province. The research was conducted on October 2012 until the end of February 2013. The research purposes are: a) Know the goat manure’s dosage influence on soil aggregate in organik farming system, b) Determine the dos age of goat manure that can provide the best Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) and Aggregate Stability Index (ASI)in organik farming system. The research used randomized completely block design (RCBD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Goat manure dosage were used as treatments are 0 ton ha-1, 5 ton ha-1, 10 ton ha-1, 15 ton ha-1, 20 ton ha-1, and 25 ton ha-1. Data was analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan’sMultiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. The research results are showed, with initial number of C-organic >4.5%, goat manure application was significant to change soil aggregate. Goat Manure 5 ton ha-1was enough to increasing Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) and ASI (Aggregate Stability Index).</p>

Spectral Exploration of Calcium Accumulation in Organic Matter in Gray Desert Soil from Northwest China.

Little attention has been paid to the accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) in the fringes of the mid-latitude desert. In this paper, soil samples from a long-term field experiment conducted from 1990 to 2013 at a research station in Urumqi, China by different fertilizer treatments, were used to determine soil properties and soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) by chemical analysis, fluorescence excitation emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The binding features of DOM under the addition of Ca2+ were analyzed using a two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer further to explore the response of the DOM to increasing concentrations of Ca2+. Long-term application of chemical fertilizers and goat manure increased soil organic carbon (SOC) by 1.34- and 1.86-fold, respectively, relative to the non-fertilized control (8.95g.kg-1). Compared with the control, application of chemical fertilizers and manure significantly increased the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Si, humic and fulvic acid-like substances in DOM but decreased the amounts of trivalent metals (Al and Fe) and protein-like substances. Although crystalline Al/Fe nanoparticles and amorphous or short-range-order Si/Al nanoparticles existed in all DOM samples, crystalline Ca/Si nanoparticles were predominant in the samples treated with goat manure. Although organic matter and Si-O-containing nanoparticles were involved in the binding of Ca2+ to DOM, application of chemical fertilizers weakened Ca2+ association with components of the amide II group (1510 cm-1) and Si-O linkage (1080 cm-1), whereas application of goat manure enhanced the affinity of Ca2+ for Si-O linkage. Our results suggested that the enrichment of Ca in gray desert soil possibly helps accumulate SOM by forming crystalline Ca/Si nanoparticles in addition to Ca2+ and organic matter complexes.

Effects of activated charcoal and quebracho tannin amendments on soil properties in irrigated organic vegetable production under arid subtropical conditions

In many arid and semi-arid regions, irrigated vegetable production leads to major carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses owing to high turnover rates. The goal of this experiment was therefore to test two amendments, activated charcoal and quebracho tannins, in their ability to stabilize soil organic carbon (SOC) from goat manure application in order to enhance nutrient and water retention. To this end, a 2-year field experiment was conducted on a sandy alluvial soil in Northern Oman investigating the effects of the two amendments either by mixing them with goat manure in the soil (MCmix and MTmix) or by applying manure from goats fed 2.5 % charcoal (MCfed) or 3.6 % tannin (MTfed) of their daily diet. Mineral fertilizer (NPK) and pure goat manure (M) served as controls. Application rates amounted to 335 kg N ha−1 year−1 and 6.4–8.2 t C ha−1 year−1 (depending on C and N concentrations) and 2.0 and 1.4 t activated charcoal ha−1 year−1 and 2.8 and 1.7 t quebracho tannin ha−1 year−1 (in 2010 and 2011, respectively). Goat manure applications, in general, increased SOC, total N, and basal respiration compared with mineral fertilizer. Mineral fertilizer reduced SOC by −25.5 % and total N by −20 %, whereas organic treatments increased SOC by up to 21 % and total N by 19 to 48 %. Basal respiration ranged between 4.1 and 8.5 μg CO2-C day−1 g−1 and was only affected by mineral fertilizer with an average reduction of 25 and 40 % in 2010 and 2011, respectively, compared with organic treatments. The metabolic quotient was not significantly altered by any of the treatments. Charcoal amendments increased SOC by 10.6 % when charcoal was fed to goats and by 21.3 % when charcoal was mixed with manure and reduced net C losses, whereas pure goat manure did not change it significantly. Tannins mixed with manure did not affect soil parameters, whereas tannins fed to goats showed opposite effects to the other goat manure treatments on pH and SOC.

Effects of Number and Rate of Goat Manure Application on Soil Properties, Growth and Yield of Sweet Maize (Zea mays L. saccharata Strut)

<p>Alternative sources of plant nutrients have now become highly imperative especially for vegetable crop production in Nigeria. Due to the escalating costs, environmental and health problems associated with excessive use of inorganic fertilizers on continuously cropped fields, there is a need for more research on the use of organic manures and residues. A field experiment was conducted in the late growing season from September to December, 2012 in Calabar, a humid forest agroecology in south eastern Nigeria to evaluate the effects of two types of goat manure (GM) application (single and double split doses), five rates of GM (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) and 400kg ha<sup>-1 </sup>NPK fertilizer (120:60:60 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) rate on soil chemical properties and agronomic performance of sweet maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L. saccharata Strut). Factorial combinations of the treatments were fitted into a randomized complete block design with three replications. The application of GM significantly (P ? 0.05) increased soil pH, organic matter (OM) content, total N, available P, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) status of the soil. Soil exchangeable acidity (EA) was reduced from 1.76 to 0.64 cmol kg<sup>-1</sup> at 20 t ha<sup>-1 </sup>GM rate. The 20 t ha<sup>-1 </sup>also recorded the highest values for soil pH, OM, P, Ca, Mg and CEC, while the values for residual N and K peaked at the NPK fertilizer treatment. The double split application of GM recorded higher values for growth and yield attributes, and increased soil properties than the single application. Growth and yield parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), number and weight of grains/ear and total grain yield were significantly (P <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><</span> 0.05) increased by GM and NPK fertilizer treatments. The values obtained for all growth and yield parameters except LAI at the 20 t ha<sup>-1</sup> GM rate were not significantly different from those at the NPK fertilizer treatments. The application of 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha<sup>-1 </sup>GM, and NPK fertilizer significantly increased TDM by 11.9, 74.3, 91.9, 106.2 and 104.6%; weight of grains/ear by 16.5, 54.6, 61.4, 100.6 and 94.4% and total grain yield by 46.9, 111.7, 121.0, 127.2 and 140.1% respectively, compared with the control treatment. The interactions between number of applications and rates showed that split applying GM at 20 t ha<sup>-1 </sup>maximized TDM, weights of whole and dehusked green ears and total grain yield compared to other GM rates, hence it is recommended.</p>

Impact of activated charcoal and tannin amendments on microbial biomass and residues in an irrigated sandy soil under arid subtropical conditions

Effects of goat manure application combined with charcoal and tannins, added as feed additives or mixed directly, on microbial biomass, microbial residues and soil organic matter were tested in a 2-year field trial on a sandy soil under Omani irrigated subtropical conditions. Soil microbial biomass C revealed the fastest response to manure application, followed by microbial residue C, estimated on the basis of fungal glucosamine and bacterial muramic acid, and finally soil organic C (SOC), showing the slowest, but still significant response. At the end of the trial, microbial biomass C reached 220 μg g−1 soil, i.e. contents similar to sandy soils in temperate humid climate, and showed a relatively high contribution of saprotrophic fungi, as indicated by an average ergosterol to microbial biomass C ratio of 0.35 % in the manure treatments. The mean fungal C to bacterial C ratio was 0.55, indicating bacterial dominance of microbial residues. This fraction contributed relatively low concentrations of between 20 and 35 % to SOC. Charcoal added to manure increased the SOC content and the soil C/N ratio, but did not affect any of the soil microbial properties analysed. Tannins added to manure reduce the 0.5 M K2SO4-extractable N to N total ratio compared to manure control. These effects occurred regardless of whether charcoal or tannins were supplied as feed additive or directly mixed to the manure.

Physical properties of a fine textured haplocambid after three years of organic matter amendments management

AbstractIn Copiapo Valley, the 3 th Region of Chile, a three-year study (2007-2009) was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic amendments and cover crops on soil physical properties (Typic Haplocambid) in a table grape ( Vitis vinifera ) orchard. Four treatments were established during three seasons: control without organic amendments (T1), broad bean-corn-rape rotation (T2), goat manure addition (15 t ha -1 ) (T3) and corn-broad bean-barley rotation (T4). Soils measurements, bulk density, pore size distribution, aggregate stability, water repellence and air conductivity were conducted on soil samples collected at three soil depths (0-10, 10-30 and 30-50 cm). Saturated hydraulic conductivity and mechanical strength were also evaluated. On grape plant measurements, root development, pruning weight and harvested grape production were evaluated. Soil bulk density was reduced with goat manure addition in comparison with any other treatment, which resulted in lower mechanical strength in the top soils. None of the treatments had negative effects on water repellency. The crop treatments enhanced the coarse porosity throughout the soil profile, improving the continuity of porous system with their root development and inducing high air conductivity. Other hand, the control soil and manure application showed a pore discontinuity in a pre-existing plow pan. Aggregate stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity were greater in goat manure application, but the treatments which included crop rotation did not show significant differences compared with the control. Because of the short duration of the study, it is assumed that the soil improvements were not detected as expected in grape production yet. Keywords: Compaction, cover crops, aggregate stability, soil porosity

Goat manure application improves phosphate fertilizer effectiveness through enhanced biological cycling of phosphorus

High phosphate fixation necessitates the application of high rates of phosphorus (P) fertilizers to achieve reasonable crop yields in most tropical soils. The present study investigated the efficacy of goat manure in improving the effectiveness of fertilizer P for increasing maize yields. Treatments consisted of combinations of four rates of goat manure (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 g kg)−1 equivalent to 0, 5, 10 and 20 t goat manure ha)−1, respectively) and four rates of inorganic P (0, 45, 90 and 180 mg P kg)−1 equivalent to 0, 90, 180 and 360 kg P ha)−1, respectively) applied to 7 kg soil in pots. Maize (Zea maize L.) was sown immediately after application. Maize dry matter yields (maize yield) and the concentrations of resin P, soil microbial biomass P (biomass P), 0.5 mol L)−1 NaHCO3 extractable inorganic P (NaHCO3-Pi) and 0.1 mol L)−1 NaOH extractable inorganic P (NaOH-Pi) were determined 6 and 12 weeks after planting. After 12 weeks, maize yield increased with the addition of fertilizer P or goat manure separately and was further increased when they were applied together. These synergistic effects on maize yield were ascribed to enhanced P cycling because goat manure increased the concentration of biomass P, which in turn accounted for most of the observed variations (63%) in maize yield. The combination of biomass P and resin P, however, explained a greater proportion of the variations in maize yield (73%), suggesting that the usefulness of biomass P as an index of P availability would be enhanced if used in conjunction with resin P. These results indicated that goat manure application could be used to increase soil microbial biomass P, which in turn could improve the effectiveness of fertilizer P in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Integrated Soil Fertility Management on Local Coconut Hybrid in a Farmer- Managed Coconut-Based Cropping System

An integrated soil fertility management or ISFM on-farm trial was conducted at Barangay Tawan-tawan, Baguio District, Davao City in 1993 to 1999 to know the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the vegetative growth, nutrient status and yield performance of intercropped Catigan dwarf x Laguna tall (CATD x LAGT) coconut hybrid better known as PCA 15–1 or CATLAG.
 
 Vegetative growth of CATD x LAGT palms revealed that ammonium sulfate + NaCl and goat manure + NaCl produced significantly bigger girth size on the first year and more number of leaves and living fronds on the second and fourth year, respectively. These treatments also enhanced early flowering (>50% @ 4.5 years) and yield (51-53 nuts/tree/yr @) 5 years from field planting) in hybrid palms. The organic fertilizers, i.e. goat manure and coconut husk, become more effective in their effect on the vegetative and reproductive characters of palms when combined with a Cl source (NaCl). The application of Cl nutrient contributed to the better performance of palms during the drought condition. The application of goat manure resulted in improved levels of soil nutrients as K, Ca, Mg and P, increased percent base saturation and lower soil acidity.
 
 The use of local hybrid, PCA 15-1 and ISFM-based low cost production inputs such as ammonium sulfate, goat manure/coco waste (husk) and common table salt as well as intercropping suitable crops under young coconuts is a profitable package of technologies capable of improving and sustaining coconut farm productivity in the Philippines.