Application Of Goat Manure Research Articles

Effect of Soil Application of Organic Amendments on Flowering and Yield Parameters of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

The present investigation was conducted at Department of Plant physiology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period from January 2023 to May 2023 with an objective to evaluate the effect of soil application of organic amendments on flowering and yield parameters of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). Research was conducted to identify the best organic soil amendment suited to the chilli variety, Vellayani Athulya. Work consisted of 8 treatments and 3 replications with the design simple CRD. The treatments were T1-Control 1 [KAU Organic POP (OPOP) (2017) with FYM (25 t ha-1)], T2-Control 2 [KAU POP (2016)], T3-FYM substituted with vermicompost (12.5 t ha-1) as per KAU OPOP (2017), T4 -FYM substituted with goat manure (1t ha-1) as per KAU OPOP (2017), T5 -T1+ Rice husk biochar (0.5% w/w), T6- T2+ Rice husk biochar (0.5% w/w), T7- T3+ Rice husk biochar (0.5% w/w ) and T8- T4+ Rice husk biochar (0.5% w/w). The results revealed that the treatment T8-FYM substituted with goat manure (1t ha-1) as per KAU Organic POP(OPOP) (2017)+ rice husk biochar (0.5% w/w) resulted in better flowering and yield attributes in chilli. Also the same treatment showed superior performance in terms of number of flowers plant-1 (44.67), days to first flowering (22 days), days to first harvest (41 days), percentage of fruit setting (64.18%), number of fruits plant-1 (28.67), fruit length (15.30cm), fruit girth (9.30cm), fruit weight (17.70 g fruit -1) and yield (507.41 g plant-1). Thus, the combined application of goat manure (1t ha-1) as per KAU OPOP + rice husk biochar (0.5% w/w) proved to be a better soil organic amendment for chilli variety Vellayani Athulya.

Impact of goat manure application on growth of wild watermelon under shade house cultivation

The continuous use of inorganic fertilizers in agriculture poses detrimental effects on soil health and future crop yields. Therefore, alternative sources of plant nutrients that are environmentally friendly and cost-effective for use in crop production, especially with the escalating cost of inorganic fertilizers, are necessary. A shade-house study was designed to determine the effect of different quantities of goat manure applications on growth attributes and yield of wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus subsp.). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to arrange the treatments, with fourteen (14) replications (n = 84). Six (6) treatments consisting of various quantities (v/v) of river sand, Hutton soil, and goat manure (T0 -1:3:0, T1 -1:3:1, T2 -1:3:2, T3 -1:3:3, T4 -1:3:4, and T5 -1:3:3) were used, with T0 -1:3:0 constituting the control. Treatments had a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) effect on dry shoot mass (65%), fruit weight (75%), and fruit diameter (75%) except for the dry root mass (44%), vine length (47%), chlorophyll (47%), number of fruit (27%) and stem diameter (22%) of wild watermelon plants. Dry shoot mass was the highest (11.14 g) in T4 -1:3:4, and the lowest dry shoot mass (6.57 g) was obtained in T1 -1:3:1 when compared to the control. The fruit fresh weight of the wild watermelon was reduced in all the treatments, when compared to the control. The biggest fruit diameter (66.66 mm) was observed in T4 -1:3:4, and the lowest (14.4 mm) was observed in T5 -1:3:5. In conclusion, T4 -1:3:4 enhanced greater vegetative growth (dry shoot matter) and yield attributes (fruit diameter and weight) of the wild watermelon.

KOMBINASI PUPUK KANDANG KAMBING DAN KALIUM NITRAT (KNO3) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KECEPATAN BERBUNGA JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata)

Zea mays Saccharata (Sweet corn) is a horticultural commodity that is have high carbohydrates and contains free sugars and starch (Wahditiya, 2016). sweet corn imports increased 42.46% from 517.5 thousand tons in the previous year to 737.2 thousand tons (BPS, 2021 in Amelia and Sugiharto, 2022). This high demand is not matched by availability. Efforts to meet this demand include improving cultivation techniques such as used of superior varieties and ecological management. The combination of organic and anorganic fertilizers can play an important role because it can maintain soil health, productivity and plant fertility. The combination of goat fertilizer and KNO3 is expected to increase vegetative and generative performance. The research method used RAKF. The first factor is the dose of goat manure, K1 = 5 tons/ha, K2 = 10 tons/ha, K3 = 15 tons/ha. The second factor is the application of white KNO3 fertilizer P1 = 50 kg/ha, P2 = 100 kg/ha, P3 = 150 kg/ha. There were 9 treatment combinations and repeated 3 times and 5 samples. The observed parameters include: Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and flowering age. Data obtained from the observations of each variable were subjected to the F test with the method of variance (ANOVA). If the treatment combination accepted H1 then the comparison test will be done BNT 5%. The results showed that there was no interaction between the application of goat manure and KNO3 on the growth and yield. The application of KNO3 has a significant effect on the vegetative period of the plant number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, and early flowering age of the plant.

Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) lokal kebar terhadap perlakuan pupuk kotoran kambing dan ukuran benih

This study aims to determine the response of peanut gowth and production of local variety Kebar to goat manure treatment and peanut seed size. The method used was an experiment with a factorial randomized block design with two treatments. The first treatment was fertilizer dosage with 3 levels and the second treatment was seed size with 2 levels. Three levels for fertilizer doses, namely P0: 0 g/polybag; P1: 150 g/polybag, P2: 300 g/polybag. Two levels for seed size, namely, B1: small seed size (0.5 g) and B2: large seed size (0.8 g). The data was then analyzed using analysis of variation (Anova). If the treatment shows results that have a real effect, then continue with the DMRT further test. The results showed that the P2B2 treatment showed a higher leaf number and plant weight than the other treatments. However, the application of goat manure and seed size had no effect on number of pods, pod weight per plant, number of filled pods and 50 seed weight.

Utilization azolla liquid organic fertilizer with goat manure to enhance organic okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) production

Azolla is found abundantly in rice fields in Indonesia, therefor potentially as a source of biological nitrogen derived from natural biological bodies that are renewable. The use of a combination liquid fertilizer from fermented azolla with goat manure which is used as a source of nutrients and to improve soil quality as an effort in developing and implementing sustainable agriculture in cultivation of okra plants, needs to be studied. Okra is a vegetable that has many benefits for health which can be consumed in fresh or processed form. This research was carried out on Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, from August to December 2022, using a randomsized block design with two factors, the first factor is azolla liquid organic fertilizer (75, 150, 225, and 300 ml/polybag) and the second factor is goat manure (0, 100, and 200 g/polybag). The application of 200 g/polybag goat manure with150 ml/polybag azolla liquid organic fertilizer or 100 g/polybag goat manure application with 300 ml / polybag azolla liquid organic fertilizer in okra plants can substitute the use of inorganic fertilizer for increased yield and environmental preservation.

The Effects of Rice Husk Ash and Goat Manure Application on the Growth of Mustard Plants (Brassica juncea L.) Varieties Tosakan

The Effects of Rice Husk Ash and Goat Manure Application on the Growth of Mustard Plants (Brassica juncea L.) Varieties Tosakan

Pengaruh Pemberian Berbagai Jenis Pupuk Kandang Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora L) Pada Tanah Ultisol Di Polybag

This research aims to determine the effect of applying cow manure, goat manure and chicken manure on the seedlings growth of robusta coffee (Coffea cenophora L) in ultisol soil in polybags. This research was carried out since January to April 2023 at Pijoan Gardens, Campus II, Batanghari University and Laboratory of Batanghari University. The design used in this research was a completely randomized design (CRD) with one treatment factor, i.e. various types of manure which consist of 4 (four) treatment levels, namely: k0 : 3000 g of soil media without treatment (control), k1: 30 g cow manure + 3000 g ultisol soil, k2: 30 g goat manure + 3000 g ultisol soil, k3: 30 g chicken manure + 3000 g ultisol soil. Each treatment was repeated 3 (three) times. The parameters observed were soil water content, plant height, stem diameter, crown dry weight, root dry weight and root shoot ratio. The treatment of various types of manure had a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, crown dry weight and root dry weight, but it had no significant effect on the root-shoot ratio of Robusta coffee seedlings. When this is compared with the control one, so the application of goat manure in treatment k2: 30 g of goat manure + 3000 g of ultisol soil gave the highest average results in several parameters such as plant height (79.00 cm) increasing 29.16%, stem diameter (8.40 mm) increased 38.84%, crown dry weight (24.84 g) increased 149.39% and root dry weight (11.09 g) increased 114.92%, and root shoot ratio (2.32) increased 20.83%, There were changes in the chemical characteristics of the soil, including the initial pH of 5.65 to 6.43-6.48 beside the highest soil water content was found in the k2 treatment at 11.99%.Key words: manure (cow, goat, chicken), growth, Liberica coffee, ultisol.

Mushroom Media Waste and Goat Manure Application on Growth and Yield of Shallots

The objective of this study was to find out the growth and yield of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) with the application of mushroom media waste and goat manure. A randomized block design was used with six treatments viz. without mushroom media waste and goat manure, 25 ton/ha mushroom media waste, 20 ton/ha mushroom media waste + 5 ton/ha goat manure, 15 ton/ha mushroom media waste + 10 ton/ha goat manure, 10 ton/ha mushroom media waste + 15 ton/ha goat manure, and 5 ton/ha mushroom media waste + 20 ton/ha goat manure, and repeated four times. The observed variables were plant height per hill, number of leaves per hill, number of bulbs per hill, wet weight of bulbs per hill, wet weight bulbs per plot, dry weight of bulbs per plot, and yield per hectare. The results showed that the application of 10 ton/ha mushroom media wastes organic fertilizer + 15 ton/ha goat manure gained 1.26 kg/plot, equal to 7.7 ton/ha. The application of mushroom media waste and goat manure had the potency to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers in supporting eco-friendly agriculture.

Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Pegagan pada Aplikasi Jenis Pupuk Organik

Gotu kola is one of the medicinal plants that is widely used because of its various nutritional content. In general, the cultivation only uses inorganic fertilizers, which have long-term effects that are not good for the environment. The use of organic fertilizers is an effort to produce high-standard products. Rabbit urine liquid organic fertilizer and goat manure are alternative types of fertilizer that can be given. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the response of giving liquid organic fertilizer of rabbit urine and goat manure and their interaction with the growth and yield. The study used a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor was rabbit urine liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) with a concentration of 0, 2, and 4%. The second factor was goat manure with doses of 0, 37, and 75 g/polybag. The results showed that applying rabbit urine (LOF) and goat manure increased the growth and yield of gotu kola. Application of 2% rabbit urine LOF significantly increased stalk length compared to controls. Gotu kola plants given 37 g/polybag of goat manure produced stolons that were significantly longer than those treated with goat manure 75 g/polybag and had significantly heavier roots than other treatments. The interaction of rabbit urine LOF and goat manure application had no significant effect on all observed variables.
 
 Keywords: goat manure, gotu kola, liquid organic fertilizer, rabbit urine

EFEK APLIKASI PUPUK KANDANG KAMBING DAN PUPUK N, P, K TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH, SERAPAN P, PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI SAWI HIJAU (Brassica juncea L.) DI KECAMATAN TULANGAN, KABUPATEN SIDOARJO

The high demand for mustard greens from consumers in Sidoarjo has forced farmers to increase their production. One of the efforts made is to provide excessive N, P, and K fertilizers. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the combined application of goat manure and N, P, K on growth, yield, P uptake, and soil chemical properties. Six treatments and three replications arranged in a randomized block design. The results showed that the combination of goat manure and N, P, K fertilizer had a significant effect (p<0.05) on plant height, number of leaves, plant fresh weight, total plant P, soil pH, soil organic C, soil total N, soil C/N ratio, and soil total P, but not significantly different (p>0.05) on plant dry weight, P absorption, and available P of the soil. The combination of goat manure and N, P, K fertilizer increased plant height from 36.4 cm to 50 cm (+37.4%), number of leaves from 18 to 43 leaves (+143.8%), fresh weight from 92 g to 310 g (+237%), dry weight from 10.8 g to 14.1 g (+30.6%), total crop P from 1.4% to 1.45% (+3.6%), P uptake from 15.1 g to 20.5 g (+35.2%), organic C from 0.97% to 1.25% (+28, 9%), total N from 0.35% to 0.42% (+20%), C/N ratio from 2.77 to 2.97 (+7.2%), total P from 18.9 mg 100 g-1 to 36.6 mg 100 g-1 (+26.6%), and available P from 4.22 ppm to 6.24 ppm (+49.9%).

Effect of Organic Source of Nutrients on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties, Growth and Yield of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)

Organic source of nutrient has effect on soil physico-chemical properties, growth and yield of cabbage. To determine the effect of organic source of nutrients on soil physio-chemical properties, growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Field experiment was conducted on acidic sandy loam soil of Horticulture farm at Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, from 5th December 2020 to 26th March 2021.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Special NPK granules, Carbon based, Vermicompost, Obifert, Neem seed cake, Poultry manure, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Mustard oil seed cake and Goat manure were used as treatments along with control. Application of poultry manure significantly increased plant height (22.33 cm) with least number of unfolded leaves (7.33), highest head diameter (106.40 cm) and head yield (45.51 t/ha) of cabbage. Bulk density was not statistically significantly influenced by the application of organic source of nutrients. Significantly higher available Phosphorous content in soil was found with the application of mustard oil seed cake (118.58 kg/ha) and available Potassium content was higher with the application of Goat manure (206.69 kg/ha). Nitrogen content of cabbage head (3.25%) and cabbage root (1.43%) was significantly higher with the application of Poultry manure. Mustard oil seed cake obtained highest Nitrogen harvest index (94.46%) and Nitrogen recovery percentage (66.47%). The yield efficiency (228.13kg head/kg N) was highest with the application of poultry manure. To attain highest yield of cabbage with higher Nutrient use efficiency and enhanced physico-chemical properties of soil, application of Poultry manure might be optimum for acidic sandy loam soil of Chitwan.

Changes in soil chemical properties due to the application of young coconut waste biochar and goat manure fertilizer on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum l.) cultivation land

This study aims to determine the effect of young coconut waste biochar and goat manure application on the chemical properties of the entisol. The Biochar Research Station, Universitas Syiah Kuala, conducted the research. This study used a factorial randomized block design consisting of two factors. The first factor was the dose of young coconut waste biochar (0, 5, and 10 t ha-1), and the second was the dose of goat manure (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha-1). Parameters observed in this study were soil chemical properties analysis of entisol (pH, organic C, total N, available P, and exchangeable K). The results showed that the young coconut waste biochar application could affect the soil’s chemical properties, especially the soil exchangeable K. Young coconut waste biochar application can increase the exchangeable soil K in tomato cultivation land. The application of goat manure did not affect the soil’s chemical properties in tomato cultivation land.

Growth and Yield of Soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) With Fertilization Of Goat Cage And Bio-Growth

Soybean is one of the third most essential crops after rice and maize, whose production still needs to be increased. One of the efforts to utilize less fertile land is using organic fertilizers in goat manure and Bio-Growth. This study aimed to obtain the best dose of goat manure and Bio-Growth for soybean growth and yield. This research has been carried out at the experimental garden of the Kubang Research and Assessment of Agricultural Technology (BPTP) Balitbangtan Riau from August to November 2021. The method is practical with a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 2 factorials with 3 replications. The first factor is goat manure (K0: 0 tons/ha, K1: 10 tons/ha, and K2: 20 tons/ha); the second factor is Bio-Growth (B0: 0 ml/4 l water, B1: 72.5 ml/4 l water, B2: 145 ml/4 l water, and B3: 217.5 ml/4 l water). The height of the plant, the number of its leaves, the diameter of its stem, the number of its branches, the number of pods produced by each plant, the weight of pods produced by each plant, the total weight of pods, and the weight of one hundred seeds were all measured. The application of goat manure and Bio-Growth influenced the height of the plant, the number of leaves, the number of pods produced by each plant, the weight of each pod, the total weight of the pods, and the weight of one hundred seeds. It was determined that the interaction between the two treatments did not impact all experimental parameters. This study concludes that the best application of goat manure is 10 tons/ha, while the most efficient Bio-Growth dose of 72.5 ml/4 l of water can increase the growth and yield of organic soybeans.

Effects of Mycorrhiza Doses and Manure Types on Growth and Yield of Cassava in Gunungkidul

Gunungkidul is a production center of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a carbohydrate source and raw material for food industry. AMF inoculation in cassava plants is known to increase biomass production. However, little studies have been conducted on the response of cassava to mycorrhizal inoculation and organic fertilizer. Therefore, this study was aimed at examining the effects of AMF inoculation and types of manure on the AMF colonization and yield of cassava in Gunungkidul. The research was carried out by planting cassava in Alfisol Gunungkidul arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors, AMF doses of 25g; 50; and 75g/plant; and types of manure i.e. cow, goat, and poultry manure, for five months period. Rhizosphere soil and root samples were analyzed for AMF colonization and the spores number. The results showed that AMF-infected cassava roots combined with cow or goat manure application produced more spores than poultry manure. AMF infection and manure, thus, significantly resulted in better root proliferation, root forehead weight, tuber diameter, and cassava products, than the absence of both treatments. Cow manure combined with AMF at a dose of 25 g/plant significantly affected the dry weight of cassava roots. This study implies that applying AMF and manure provide a substantial contribution on the growth and production of cassava.

Effect of Planting Media and Dose of Goat Manure on the Growth and Yield of Lettuce in the Urban Faming System

The high population and the lack of productive land in Indonesia cause environmental problems caused by pollution and waste. Urban farming could be a solution to provide food needs and can also improve urban environmental conditions. Lettuce are suitable for cultivation in urban areas, the taste and benefits make lettuce have good prospects. Reusing waste such as roasted husks and goat manure as fertilizer also beneficial for the environment. This research aimed to study the best combination of media and dosage of goat manure and its effect on increasing lettuce growth and yield. The hypothesis is that the application of goat manure can increase the growth and yield of lettuce and the difference in yield between the combinations of planting media on lettuce. The research was conducted from October to December 2020 at Greenhouse CV. Kurnia Kitri Ayu. This research used a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatment combinations. P1: Soil + 0 g, P2: Soil + 25 g, P3: Soil + 50 g, P4: Soil + 75 g, P5: Soil and Roasted Husk (2:1) + 25 g, P6: Soil and Roasted Husk (2:1) + 50 g, P7: Soil and Roasted Husk (2:1) + 75 g, P8: Soil and Roasted Husk (1:1) + 25 g, P9:Soil and Roasted Husk (1:1) + 50 g, and P10: Soil and Roasted Husk (1:1) + 75 g. The combination of planting media and goat manure can support the growth of lettuce compared to the use of media without the combination and addition of manure. P7 and P9 have the best results, the highest average is giving P7 treatment with an average weight of 44.67g and an average economic weight of 40.67g.

Provision of Urea Fertilizer and Chicken Manure on Chemical Characteristics of Inceptisol Soil in Pangkatan District

Inceptisol soil is an agricultural land in Indonesia, which is widely distributed, but has a problem, namely the element of N in the soil is relatively low, so it is necessary to carry out proper cultivation techniques, one of which is through the provision of balanced fertilizers, namely organic fertilizers which aim to improve soil fertility and reduce use of NPK fertilizer. This study aims to determine the effect of various kinds of organic fertilizers, namely sometimes goat and urea fertilizer on the chemical properties of Inceptisols from Pangkatan. This research was conducted in the Agrotechnology Practice Area, Faculty of Science and Technology, Labuhanbatu University, Rantau Prapat, with a height of 25 meters above the sea surface. The research was started from February 2021 to June 2021. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 2 treatment factors. namely: Urea fertilizer factor with four levels and goat manure factor with three levels. Soil analysis parameters which include, pH H2O using the electrometric method, determination of N-total soil using the Kjehldal method, soil organic C using the Wakley and Black method. The results showed that the application of goat manure was able to increase soil N-toatal on Inceptisol Pangkatan, at a dose of U1K3 (Urea: 0.25g and goat manure: 75g) while the interaction of urea and goat manure application increased N-total soil of Rantau Inceptisol. South with a dose of U1K3 (Urea: 0.25g and goat manure: 75g).

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

The application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on agricultural farming as a management practice has tremendously brought about a great boost to crop yield due to improvement in soil fertility. The thrust of this experiment was to compare the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the growth, yield and nutritional qualities of cucumber (cucumis sativus). The research was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti in 2019 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of sole application of NPK fertilizer, sole application of goat manure, sole application of poultry, NPK + goat manure, NPK fertilizer + poultry manure and control. Parameters assessed include vine length (cm), stem girth (cm), number of leaves, fruit weight (g), length of fruit (cm), fruit diameter (cm) and number of fruit plant-1. The results revealed that poultry manure (PM) significantly influenced all the agronomic parameters and yield of cucumber than other treatments. There were significant differences among the agronomic parameters measured including yield in all the treatments except the number of fruits plant-1. Poultry manure had the highest fruit yield followed by goat manure, NPK fertilizer and poultry manure respectively. For the proximate test, it was observed in the results that there were slight differences in the composition of the proximate of cucumber based on the treatments, suggesting that fertilization can influence the proximate of fruit and vegetables. The overall assessment of the research suggested that poultry manure is the best fertilizer for cucumber growth and yield performance.

The effect of intercropping and different dose of goat manure application on growth of Pogestemon cablin Benth

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is a perennial aromatic crop that can produceessential oil which is generally used as a mixture of ingredients for making cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and aromatherapy which functions as a binder/fixative agent and pharmaceuticals. Although the production of patchouli increases year to year, the productivity per hectare of this plant showed a decreasing pattern. Efforts are needed to increase the productivity of patchouli, such as improving seeds quality and applying best management practices in planting. This study aimed to examine the optimum application of manure doses and intercropping practice on maximum growth of patchouli at first and two months after planting. The RCD (Randomize Complete Design) was conducted by using a cropping system and the application of goat manure in different doses. There were two levels of the cropping system: monocropping and intercropping with mung beans (Phaseolus radiatus) and four-level of manure in different doses were applied, 0 g, 500 g, 1000 g and 2000 g. ANOVA analysis shows that no interaction between cropping system and manure application on the growth of patchouli. All variables of patchouli growth in monocropping are better than in intercropping at two months after transplanting. Furthermore, there was no effect of manure application on canopy width, fresh and dry biomass of patchouli. The effect is only found on plant height and tree basal diameter, while without manure application and 500 g application is greater than 1000 g and 2000 g of manure application.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PUPUK KANDANG KAMBING TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata L.) PADA TANAH PESISIR

This study aims to determine the effect of using goat manure on plant growth and to determine the best dose on the growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) on the coastal land of Nambo. The study was conducted from June to August 2021. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) which consisted of 7 treatments and 3 replications so that 21 experimental units were obtained, namely (K0) control 0 g polybags, (K1) 50 g polybags are equivalent to 10 tons ha, (K2)100 g polybags are equivalent to 20 tonsha, (K3)150 g polybags are equivalent to 30 tons ha, (K4) 200 g polybags are equivalent to 40 tons ha, (K5) 250 g polybags are equivalent to 50 tons ha, (K6)300 g polybags are equivalent to 60 tons ha. The results showed that the application of goat manure gave the best N was 1,7% (very high), the best available P was 18,96 ppm (low), and K the best available was 0,60 me 100 g (very low). The highest goat manure application was achieved at a dose of 50 g polybags with an average plant height reaching 48,00 cm and the number of leaves at a dose of 100 g polybags 53,67 strand.

Effect of Poultry and Goat Manures on the Nutrient Content of Sesamum alatum Leafy Vegetables

Sesamum alatum Thonn. is one of the less-popular but nutritious leafy vegetables that is still collected from the wild or as weeds among crops in South Africa. The plant is also used in medicines and cosmetics in Africa and elsewhere. Despite its importance, the cultivation of S. alatum under different agronomic systems for improved harvestable yield and nutrient content is still lacking. The study aimed to determine the response of S. alatum nutrient content to the application of poultry and goat manures. Plants were grown in pots under rain-fed shade cloth conditions, with poultry and goat manures applied at 0, 1, 2, and 3 t ha–1 each, and they were laid in a completely randomized design. Shoot tips were harvested at 60 days after planting and analyzed for nutrient content. Shoots contained better nutrients in S. alatum plants grown during the first than the second season, with minor exceptions. Poultry and goat manure application led to an increase in Ca, Mg, K, P, and micro-nutrients. Goat manure had potential to increase the nutrient content in S. alatum than poultry manure, although differences were not substantial. Therefore, both manures could be equally used to improve nutrient content of S. alatum.