Goat Farms Research Articles

Multiplier flock scheme in Barbari goats: An entrepreneurship model for in situ breed conservation and improvement

Barbari is a most preferred breed for commercial goat farming-under intensive management. However, pure-bred Barbari goats; especially buck’s availability are meager due to indiscriminate castration which resulted in stagnation of genetic improvement and breed dilution. Multiplier Flock Scheme, an integrated genetic improvement model was initiated at ICAR-CIRG, Makhdoom to cater the need of pure-bred and high merit goats and to promote commercial goat farming. Trained farmers with adequate housing and know-how were registered under this scheme and they were provided a foundation stock of Barbari goat to multiply with all technical support. Currently, 50 such goat farms exist in India with flock size of 50 to 350 goats. Data was collected on animal performance and economic attributes from eight such farms. The least squares means of body weight of Barbari kids at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age were 1.58, 7.22, 14.54, 20.01 and 25.76 kg, respectively. The average 60 and 90 days milk yield were 45.23 and 66.28 litre. The pre-weaning, post-weaning (3-12 month) and adult mortality were 9.03, 4.33 and 5.40% of flock strength. The net profit per goat/year ranged from ₹3800 to ₹13000 under various business models and the benefit:cost ratios ranged from 1.50 to 2.42 with mean and median value of 1.94 and 2.00, respectively. Present study concluded that multiplier flocks is efficient breeding model for improvement, conservation of goat breeds, promoting scientific goat farming at grass root level and very helpful to policymakers for small ruminant development.

Analisis Kelayakan Finansial dan Keberlanjutanusaha Ternak Kambing Kampung Notoharjo Kecamata Trimurjo Kabupaten Lampung Tengah Provinsi Lampung

Purpose: The aim of this research is to analyze the financial feasibility of goat farming in Notoharjo Village, Central Lampung Regency, Lampung Province Method: The sampling method uses Purposive Sampling and the analytical method used in the research is Financial Feasibility Analysis with the investment criteria Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Gross Benefit Cost Ratio (Gross B/C), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP). Results: The results of the financial analysis show an NPV value of IDR 37,552,311.47, Net B/C 6.09, Gross B/C 2.79, IRR 45% and PP 3 years 5 months. Limitations: The business that is financially measured is in the form of goat livestock carrying out rearing activities that are ready to be sold Contribution: The goat farming business that is being run is profitable and sustainable so that farmers who want to start a goat farming business can consider the feasibility analysis that has been analyzed which is used as a reference for beginner farmers.

Training on Processing Goat and Cattle Manure Waste Into Biogas for Kelompok Ternak Milenial

Majene is one of the districts in West Sulawesi Province that holds the potential for the development of cattle and goat farming. This is due to the fact that Majene District has a fairly extensive area of 1,713 hectares and a suitable natural environment for the breeding of cattle and goats. One of the areas with the largest population of goats and cattle in Majene District is in Pamboang Sub-district. The majority of the community in Pamboang Sub-district work as livestock farmers and are members of the Millennial Livestock Group community. Based on the results of interviews conducted with the Chairperson of the Millennial Livestock Group and local residents, it was found that there is a lack of knowledge among farmers in Pamboang Sub-district regarding the proper management of accumulated waste from goat and cattle farming. Additionally, the community has expressed concerns about the scarcity of LPG gas in recent months and its increasing price. This activity took place in Tinambung Village, Pamboang Sub-district, Majene on August 19, 2023, and was attended by 25 farmers who are members of the Millennial Livestock Group community. The purpose of the activity was to address the main issues faced by the partners by enhancing their knowledge and technical skills. The approach method proposed to support the program's implementation consists of three methods: participatory counseling, training and guidance, and mentoring. Based on the socialization, pre-test, and post-test activities, it can be concluded that the farmers who are part of the Millennial Livestock Group community in Pamboang Sub-district have understood the material presented by the speakers regarding the conversion of goat and cattle waste into biogas. Furthermore, this activity received positive responses and progressed according to the set objectives.

Assessing Relationship Between Goat and Sheep Farmers' Stress and Their Demographics: A Pilot Study

Highlights Limited leisure time, insufficient sleep, and family members’ health conditions were the top personal stressors. Occupational stressors were too much to do in so little time, worrying about the farm's future and financial issues. Governmental regulation, market prices, and unpredictable weather conditions were off-farm occupational stressors. The work hours during the busy season and farm size were significant predictors of farmers’ stress. The farmer’s age and years in the farm business were not significant predictors of the farmer’s stress. Abstract. This pilot study aims to investigate goat and sheep farmers' stress amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors developed a questionnaire based on existing literature to measure farmers’ stress. The online questionnaire was sent to the 3000 goat and sheep farmers registered in the Penn State Extension Listserv. We used the technique described by Dillman et al. (2014) to collect online data. After cleaning the data, the response rate was 6.8% (n = 204). The mean and SD for farmer’s stress were 3.0±.63 out of 5, occupational stress 3.11±.65, and personal stress 2.80 ± .82, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, work hours during the busy season and farm size exhibited a positive low association with farmers' stress (rs = .245 and rs = .238, respectively). They predicted 10% of the total variation in farmers' stress. We propose that extension professionals and public health practitioners learn lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic in case other public health concerns arise. We suggest that future educational programs addressing stress among farmers prioritize specific strategies to reduce occupational stress and cope with uncertainty during health-related outbreaks or other crises. An interesting avenue for further investigation can involve examining other issues related to farmers' financial planning, time management (especially during the busy season), and their relationships with family members. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, Farmers, Farmers’ demographics, Occupational stress, Off-farm stress, On-farm stress, Personal stress.

Sheep and goat farming in Los Pedroches (province of Córdoba, Spain) in the context of sustainable development

Los Pedroches es una de las principales comarcas andaluzas en producción de ovino y caprino, si bien este sector, que cuenta con una extensa implantación y una larga trayectoria histórica, se ha visto afectado por la crisis agraria y de los espacios rurales. Se pretende, mediante diferentes técnicas de análisis geográfico, caracterizar la situación actual de la cabaña ovina y caprina de Los Pedroches, y aquilatar su importancia como modelo de acción económica sostenible en Sierra Morena frente a la despoblación y a la crisis rural. Entre los resultados obtenidos se concluye que podría ser un sector clave en dicha comarca desde un punto de vista de la industria agroalimentaria y el comercio, e incluso desde la consideración de nuevas actividades emergentes como el turismo rural y la valorización y gestión del patrimonio cultural y natural.

Incidence of common goat diseases and disorders in Bangladesh

Aim: Goat farming is becoming more popular, but many diseases and disorders are limiting its growth. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and patterns of clinical cases of goat diseases and implement appropriate preventative measures. Methods: A study on the incidence of goat diseases and disorders was conducted on 2107 goats (Black Bengal, Jamunapari and Boer) at Goat research farm in Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2018 to December 2022. Clinical records and diagnoses of diseases and disorders have been determined on the basis of relevant clinical history, clinical findings and appropriate laboratory test. Goat diseases and disorders were categorized according to the following variables: seasons, breed, sex, year, and age. MS Excel 2021 and SPSS (20.0) were used to determine the incidence rate of goat diseases. Results: The predominant clinical diseases and disorders observed were diarrhoea (29.38%), pneumonia (22.69%), Malnutrition (9.59%), Bloat (6.60%), Caprine Pasteurellosis (6.17%), Contagious Ecthyma (3.80%), and Abscess (3.08%). In case of seasons, the winter season exhibited the highest incidence rate (37.38%), followed by the rainy season (32.13%) and summer (30.19%). In terms of breed, Black Bengal goats exhibited the highest incidence rate (74.70%), followed by Jamunapari (21.21%) and Boer (4.09%). Regarding age groups, the growing goat had the highest incidence rate (46.13%), followed by adults (32.56%) and kids (21.31%). Lastly, with regard to the sex of the animal, female goat exhibited the highest incidence rate (54.01%) compared to male goats (45.99%). Conclusion: Based on these findings, it is necessary to implement proper actions to prevent the occurrence of these diseases and their manifestations in the future.

Evaluation of losses incurred in goat farming in rural tribal area of Akkalkuwa: A case study

Evaluation of losses incurred in goat farming in rural tribal area of Akkalkuwa: A case study

Participatory investigation of goat farmers' breeding practices, trait preference, and selection criteria in Burkina Faso.

The community-based breeding program (CBBP) is an innovative approach recommended for genetic improvement and sustainable use of animal genetic resources in extensive farming systems. Successful implementation of this approach requires an understanding of the characteristics of production systems, breeding objectives, and farmers' trait preference. This study aimed to identify the selection criteria of goat farmers in rural areas of Burkina Faso and their potential implications in establishing CBBP. Following focus group discussions, a well-structured questionnaire was designed and administered to 372 randomly selected goat farmers in two different agro-ecological zones. A list of traits obtained during focus group discussions was provided to farmers individually, and they were asked to rank the ones they preferentially use to select breeding animals. Statistical tests were conducted to compare data between the two agro-ecological zones. The results showed that the average goat flock per household was higher (P < 0.05) in the Sudanian (15.68 ± 13.76), compared to the Sudano-Sahelian area (12.93 ± 13.3). Adult females were the dominant age-sex group in both areas. Reasons for culling, keeping breeding bucks, and castration practice were significantly different (P < 0.05) among agro-ecological zones. The most important common criterion for selection in the two zones was body size, coat color, and growth rate for the bucks and does, while fertility (0.06) parameters including twining ability (0.18), kidding frequency (0.11), and mothering ability (0.15) were furthermore considered for breeding does selection. These findings provide valuable insights for developing CBBPs tailored to goat production in the study areas.

Assessing the Impact of Boer Goat x Indigenous Goat Crossbreeding on Reproductive Performance and Farmer Perceptions in Southern Ethiopia.

Crossbreeding aims to increase the productivity of local or indigenous animals by introducing exotic breeds. This study aims to assess the effects of crossbreeding using 50% Boer bucks crossed with Ethiopian indigenous Woyto-Guji goats and to evaluate farmers' perceptions towards crossbred kids. Data were collected from five purposively selected districts in southern Ethiopia. Personal interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and field observations were employed to gather information on the goat production systems and farmers' perceptions. The mean ± SD of goat flock size in the study area were 7.31 ± 5.89 heads per household (HH) with larger flock sizes observed in the Alaba zone (10.32 ± 6.56). Goats in the studied areas were primarily kept for income generation. The average age at first kidding was 11.3 ± 1.3 months. Relatively better management practices were observed for crossbred goats in the Alaba, Loko Abaya, and Gurage zones. Respondent farmers highly appreciated Boer crossbred goats due to their superior perception of attractive coat color (4.39 times greater, P < 0.001), docile behavior (3.59 times greater, P < 0.001), fast growth rate (1.64 times greater, P < 0.05), and market preference (5.81 times greater, P < 0.001). However, susceptibility to disease and drought was considered as drawbacks of crossbred kids in the studied areas. It was also reported that crossbreed goats fetched better prices than indigenous goats of a similar age group and under the same management system. All visited farmers expressed a strong interest in crossbreeding. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that Boer crossbred goats perform well in southern Ethiopia. Therefore, the continued production of crossbred kids can be disseminated to these areas. Additionally, it is suggested to consider the interests of goat producers in the remaining areas. Integrated improved management systems need to be implemented to enhance the survival of crossbred kids. Sustainable training programs should be organized for goat keepers, focusing on aspects such as crossbreeding, minimizing inbreeding, buck rotation, and improved feeding and management practices.

Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in goats Placenta in Northeastern Algeria

Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a parasitic zoonosis of crucial medical and veterinary importance. It is diagnosed mainly by serological methods, which are insufficiently sensitive. It is therefore necessary to rely on the direct detection of the parasite. The present study aimed at the direct detection of T. gondii DNA in placenta fragments by PCR targeting the B1 gene of the parasite. In addition, we identified possible risk factors for infection. The study was carried out on 25 goat farms between 2019 and 2020 in four regions of the Tebessa province in northeastern Algeria and involved 503 goats that had aborted. T. gondii DNA was detected in 30.41% of goat placenta samples (CI: [27.12-41.53]). The on-farm molecular prevalence was 60% (CI: [53.32-72.53]). The molecular prevalence of toxoplasmosis was higher for primiparous females (53.2%) than it was for multiparous ones (15.2%) (p = 0.0001). Likewise, the level of contamination was high in farms with a sedentary management system (36.4%); this system tended to increase the prevalence of toxoplasmosis (P = 0.008). In addition, it appears that the stage of gestation, history of abortion, and season had a significant effect (p &lt; 0.05) on the prevalence of the disease. To conclude, this study revealed that goats included in this experiment were heavily infected with T. gondii, which represents a major risk for consumers in the Tebessa region. Further research is needed to improve our knowledge of the different genotypes of T. gondii infecting populations of small ruminants.

Análise comparativa de ovinos mestiços Santa Inês e Dorper: eficácia produtiva e reprodutiva no Semiárido

Abstract This study evaluated the productive and reproductive performances of Santa Inês sheep and their Dorper crossbreeds during the lactation period amidst the dry season in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, Brazil. Conducted at the experimental goat farm of the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campus IV, Catolé do Rocha, the investigation included a cohort of 24 ewes (12 Santa Inês and 12 Dorper crossbreeds [comprising 87.5% Dorper and 12.5% Santa Inês]) and 30 lambs (10 males and 20 females). Observations were recorded from birth and continued at 30-day intervals up to 90 days. Using a two-way ANOVA with a 2 x 2 factorial design (two genetic groups and two sexes), the study monitored both ewes and lambs. The animals adhered to traditional regional management, grazing in paddocks by day and secured in shelters by dusk. The study found that both Santa Inês and Dorper crossbred ewes produced similar quantities of milk (P=0.8310) for the first 60 days of lactation. There was no discernible effect of the ewes’ genetic backgrounds on their live weights, body condition scores at lambing, throughout the subsequent 30, 60, and 90 days of lactation, or on the overall productive efficiency and total weight of weaned lambs per ewe. In contrast, Dorper lambs demonstrated a higher weaning weight (P=0.0349) and greater weight gain (P=0.0403). The study also noted that the sex of the lambs did not notably influence their performance within the first 90 days of suckling.

Etawah Crossbreed Goat Farming for Income Enhancement of Households in Purworejo District, Indonesia

Etawah Crossbreed Goat Farming for Income Enhancement of Households in Purworejo District, Indonesia

Intestinal parasites in goats (Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758) in Bhaktapur, Nepal.

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in goats of Suryabinayak Municipality, Bhaktapur, Nepal. A total of 300 faecal samples of goats were collected from the study area from July to August 2021 and subjected to direct smear, sedimentation, and flotation techniques for coprological examination. The study revealed that 86% of samples were positive for GI parasites with 15 genera, including six genera of protozoan, and nine genera of helminths. Age-dependent prevalence of helminth parasites was higher in adult goats (75%) than that young ones. Single infection was recorded 31.01%, double was 35.27%, and multiple was 33.72%. Training on goat rearing, proper management of goat farms, awareness on GI diseases, and their control can help the owners increase productivity.

Productivity and milk quality of Saanen and Anglo- Nubian breeds of goats under the conditions of the Lower Volga region

Prospects for the development of dairy goat farming and goat milk production in many countries of the world, including Russia, are directly related to the dietary and healing properties of the product. An urgent problem is the comparative assessment of the adaptive and productive traits of dairy goats of imported selection under various ecological and climatic conditions of Russia, including the conditions of the sharp continental climate of the Lower Volga region. The purpose of the work was to give a comparative assessment of the eff ectiveness of breeding lactating goats of Saanen and AngloNubian breeds of imported selection under the conditions of the sharp continental climate of the Lower Volga region. The object of research was imported dairy goats. Two groups of female goats of Saanen and Anglo-Nubian breeds of the fi rst lactation of 10 heads in each were formed, taking into account their live weight, age of insemination and origin. The duration of the scientific and farm experiment was 210 days.Consistently high milk yield was found in goats of Saanen breed compared with the milk yield of their herdmates of Anglo-Nubian breed. The signifi cant diff erence in milk yield in favor of Saanen goats by months ranged from 13,24 to 16,51 % (p &lt; 0,05). In general, during lactation the superiority of Saanen goats over their Anglo-Nubian herdmates in terms of milk yield was 61,2 kg or 15,75 %. A comparative analysis of quality indicators revealed a significant superiority of milk from goats of Anglo-Nubian breed such as in the mass fraction of fat by 1,48 abs.% (p &lt; 0,05), in the mass fraction of protein by 0,24 abs.% (p &lt; 0,05), in terms of milk fat yield by 3,15 kg (p &lt; 0,05). It was found as a result that in the production of milk from goats of Anglo-Nubian breed, the level of profitability of milk with basic fat content (3,5 %) was higher by 27,78 abs.% compared with herdmates of Saanen breed.

Impact of training program on knowledge and awareness levels of goat farmers in Kandi area of district Hoshiarpur in Punjab

Impact of training program on knowledge and awareness levels of goat farmers in Kandi area of district Hoshiarpur in Punjab

Investigation and recording of livestock waste for the creation of biogas plant

In this paper, the research focuses on the recording of livestock waste and the investigation of the views of cattle, sheep and goat farmers of the Municipality of Amyntaio (Region of Western Macedonia in Greece) regarding renewable energy sources and more specifically biogas plants which can contribute to waste management. In order to achieve the research goal, a quantitative survey was carried out on a sample of 38 livestock farmers, which showed that the farmers are not negative towards the prospect of creating a biogas plant in their area, but they do not have sufficient knowledge about it, thus requiring training in the area.

A MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC ANALYSIS ON FACTORS AFFECTING THE MARKET PARTICIPATION OF SMALLHOLDER INDIGENOUS GOAT FARMERS IN MAKUYA VILLAGE OF THE HAMAKUYA COMMUNITY, MUTALE LOCAL MUNICIPALITY, LIMPOPO PROVINCE

Livestock farming, particularly indigenous goat farming, is essential for rural economies, providing food and income. The demand for goat products is growing, encompassing meat, milk, fibres, and skins. Nevertheless, there's limited participation by farmers in formal markets, with most transactions happening privately. The study examined 45 smallholder indigenous goat farmers in Makuya Village, located in the Mutale Local Municipality, Limpopo Province. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and a multivariate logistic model to explore factors influencing market participation. The findings highlighted the diverse community, with a notable presence of male smallholder goat farmers. Several factors affecting market participation were identified, including the age of the farmer, the number of goats owned, distance to the market, and the source of agricultural information. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, supporting sustainable goat farming and enhanced market engagement in rural areas.

Factors Affecting Post-Weaning Growth of Boer and Boer Cross Goats in a Closed Breeding Farm Population

This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the post-weaning growth of Boer and Boer cross goats in a closed breeding farm population. A total of 1,083 female kids were selected from a record of 1,501 weaned kids produced by mating Boer bucks with Boer does, Jawarandu does, and Boer × Jawarandu does. The data collected at a private company's goat farm represent a closed breeding population from January 2013 to January 2016. The data were selected based on the weaning weight and at least one post-weaning weight at approximately 6, 9, or 12 months. Two-step linear models were applied: complete model and reduced model. The complete model factors included genetic group, buck, litter size, birth season, weaning season-year, and their interactions. The reduced model included only significant factors and two-way interactions. The results showed that the genetic group, bucks, litter size, birth season, and weaning season-year significantly affected Boer and Boer cross goats' post-weaning weight and average daily gain. Additionally, interactions between the genetic group with the buck, litter size, and birth season were observed. In conclusion, genetic and non-genetic factors significantly influence the post-weaning growth of Boer and Boer cross goats. Non-genetic factors should be considered in the model and selection to achieve optimal goat performance.

Economy Circular Pengelolaan Sampah Organik Pasar di Peternakan Sapi dari Hulu hingga Hilir (Studi Kasus di Kelompok Tani Sumber Makmur, Gunung Tembak Kota Balikpapan)

Management of market organic waste in Balikpapan City is an important thing to do to reduce the burden on Manggar TPA. Organic waste, especially market organic waste, which continues to increase along with the rapid growth of the population in Balikpapan City as a buffer city for the IKN can increase the risk of environmental pollution and safety. Market organic waste can be used as an alternative feed for cattle and goats and this has been done by the Sumber Makmur Farmer Group, Gunung Tembak, Balikpapan City. In addition to utilizing market organic waste as cattle and goat feed, the Sumber Makmur Farmer Group has also managed cow manure in the form of solid and liquid into solid organic fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer. Thus there has been a series of Economy circular which can be an alternative in overcoming the problem of market organic waste in the Balikpapan city as well as increasing economic value. The method in this study uses a descriptive-qualitative method with a design action research model or action research by observing directly to obtain information from the object of study. Discussion of this research is divided into 4 parts such us System for Utilizing Market Organic Waste as Cattle and Goat Feed, the system for utilizing solid cow manure, the system for utilizing liquid cow manure, the potential for managing cattle and goat farms based on an economy circular. The results of observations at the Sumber Makmur Farmer Group, Gunung Tembak, Balikpapan City, show that there have been livestock management activities that apply an economy circular from upstream to downstream. Furthermore, it is hoped that further and in-depth research can be carried out in terms of economy circular-based livestock management in the utilization of organic waste as animal feed so that it can provide more comprehensive information to the wider community so that they can implement this system.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keyword: market organic waste, farming, animal feed, economic circular, manure

Comparison of genetic diversity of LEP gene between Indonesia domestic goats: Etawa Cross and Senduro Goats

Abstract. Amrullah MF, Utomo B, Utama S, Lestari TD, Suprayogi TW, Restiadi TI, Belgania RH, Pakpahan S, Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Silaen OSM, Hasib A. 2023. Comparison of genetic diversity of LEP gene between Indonesia domestic goats: Etawa Cross and Senduro Goats. Biodiversitas 24: 6567-6573. The leptin (LEP) gene is a gene that functions to produce the hormone leptin secreted by fat tissue that can increase livestock productivity. This study aimed to identify the profile of the LEP gene between Etawah Cross goats and Senduro goats. Gene profiling includes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phylogeny tree reconstruction. Furthermore, 10 whole blood samples from 5 Etawah Cross goats and 5 Senduro goats were collected from goat farms in Lumajang District, Lumajang Regency, Indonesia. The Research procedure involved collecting blood samples, extracting DNA, amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using specific primers, and nucleotide sequencing method. The edited DNA sequences were aligned with some DNA sequences (n=32) of the Capra hircus group published in Genbank. The results of this study obtained the alignment of the LEP gene sequences of Etawah Cross goats and Senduro goats, including T723A, G729A, G758A, A763T, G774C, T1100C, and G1454A. Based on the LEP gene phylogeny tree, Etawah Cross goats and Senduro goats belong to the same clade and have a close kinship with the Bligon goats. The profile of the LEP gene between Etawah Cross goats and Senduro goats varies so that further studies can be carried out to look for the relationship between SNPs and the productivity traits of the LEP gene.