Urban Sustainable Development Goal Research Articles

Co-producing urban knowledge in Angola and Mozambique: towards meeting SDG 11

The need to make cities in Africa more inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable (Sustainable Development Goal 11) is undisputed as rapid urban growth rates are set to make the African region a key hub in the global transition to a predominantly urban world. This perspective presents findings from a research project conducted in the cities of Luanda, Angola and Maputo, Mozambique, which used citizen science to generate data on selected indicators of the urban Sustainable Development Goal and use this data to inform more inclusive, sustainable and participatory urban planning and policymaking. Based on the research, we argue that meeting SDG 11 will ultimately depend on the spaces and mechanisms for knowledge co-production and sharing that are produced in the process.

Modelling Accessibility to Urban Green Areas Using Open Earth Observations Data: A Novel Approach to Support the Urban SDG in Four European Cities

Cities are recognised as key enablers for the world’s sustainable future. Urban sprawl and inefficient use of land are important issues significantly impacting the provision and use of open green spaces. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 11.7.1 aims at globally monitoring the amount of land that is dedicated by cities for public space. In Europe, the indicator “Share of urban population without green urban areas in their neighbourhood” is supposed to correspond to the SDG11.7.1 but is currently on-hold due to methodological issues and lack of data. Moreover, to efficiently assess public space conditions, timely and spatially disaggregated information is essential but not yet widely adopted by urban practitioners. Hereafter, we use a combination of satellite and crowdsourced Earth Observations (EO) to model physical accessibility to urban green spaces in four European cities. Findings suggest that it is technically feasible to derive information on the share of urban population without green urban areas in their neighbourhood. Results demonstrate that the proposed methodology represents a consistent, valid, reliable, low-cost, timely and continuous source of information for sustainable urban development. Open and free EO data can be a good complement to enhance official and traditional statistics on urban areas facilitating EU reporting against the SDG indicator for better comparison between EU countries.

Spatial and structural characteristics of CO2 emissions in East Asian megacities and its indication for low-carbon city development

The identification of CO2 emissions in megacities is vitally important to promote a transition to low-carbon city. This study aims to analyze the CO2 emission characteristics and spatial distribution in megacities among different countries, which is important for climate change mitigation. In this study, 12 megacities from China, Japan, and South Korea were selected as typical case studies for analysis. Results show that Chinese cities’ CO2 emissions are among the top four cities studies and are much higher when compared to the other sample cities in Japan and South Korea. Chongqing, Incheon, Tianjin, and Shanghai were the top four cities with the highest carbon intensity. The spatial distribution of urban carbon emissions varies widely. In Seoul, Tokyo Metropolis, and Beijing, 90% of carbon emissions are concentrated on 74.17%, 55.95% and 8.93% of the land area, respectively. The results of the driving forces and emission reduction targets analysis indicate that the three countries face different challenges and there are different action plans in each city accordingly. This study proposed the carbon emissions reduction targets and countermeasures in different industrial sectors, including an increased rate of the standardization of city CO2 emission accounting systems and the decarbonization of the power industry, among others. These countermeasures will not only contribute to the analysis of CO2 emissions but will also promote to the low-carbon city development and encourage the realization of urban sustainable development goals.

Quantitative identification and evolution trend simulation of shrinking cities at the county scale, China

Urban shrinkage became increasingly obvious during the process of rapid urbanization. It is important to understand the mechanism behind the formation and evolution of shrinking cities to realize urban transformation and sustainable development. This paper establishes a shrinking cities index to measure generalized urban shrinkage by using the population change rate at the county scale in China. First, on the spatial scale, the shrinking intensity and pattern distribution are analyzed. Second, on the temporal scale, the shrinking trajectories of shrinking cities are analyzed, and a trend is predicted for shrinking cities for 2020 and 2025 based on the gray model (GM (1,1)). Finally, economic, institutional, and social factors are selected to identify the major influences on the different shrinking trajectories using a spatial panel data model. The results show the following. (1) Between 2000 and 2015, shrinking cities in China were mainly distributed in four regions: the three northeastern provinces, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region, the Sichuan-Chongqing region, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. They thus appear to have connecting piece and axis distribution characteristics. (2) The dominant shrinking city types are slight and moderate shrinking, which together account for 80 %–90 % of all shrinking cities. These types have less severe or extreme shrinkage. Considering the different trajectories, temporary shrinking cities represent 75.26 % of all shrinking cities and predominantly occurred in 2010−2015. Episodic shrinking cities represent 19.74 % of all shrinking cities. Continuous shrinking cities represent 5.00 % of all shrinking cities and occurred in 2005−2015. (3) From 2015 to 2025, the number of shrinking cities is projected to be 272, with slight shrinkage accounting for 43.38 % of the total shrinking cities, and extreme shrinkage accounting for 4.78 %. Examining the spatial distribution of shrinking cities shows that they are mainly distributed in the three northeastern provinces, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region, Xinjiang and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the future. (4)Total GDP, GDP per capita, fiscal expenditures, employment, and built-up area have a significant impact on the population of shrinking cities. Among them, the total GDP has the largest impact, and the built-up area has the smallest impact. In addition, the total GDP, GDP per capita, fiscal revenue, and employment have a significant spatial spillover effect in temporary shrinking cities. This study provides empirical evidence to support Chinese policy makers in implementing urban sustainable development goals.

The Concept of Participatory Citizenship in the Context of Utilizing the Potential of a Protected Built Environment for Sustainable Urban Development-A Case in Republic of North Macedonia, Bitola

The increasingly clear recognition and confirmation of the inclusive nature of the protected built environment with the socio-economic and cultural development of society, confirmed by scientific research, internationally accepted documents, and real action in many countries at the national and local level, has full implications for the approach to perceptions to all stakeholders on the importance of its potential in the context of achieving the globally accepted goals of the current 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Perceiving the values of cultural heritage as a shared good of all citizens, which has the opportunity to enable sustainable urban development of the community to which they belong, requires a participatory approach to planning and utilizing the potential of a protected built environment in urban development processes. The promotion of participatory processes, ie the cooperation between the government, the civil sector, the business entities, and the local population is the basis for the planning and implementation of the activities related to the integration of the protected built environment in achieving the goals of sustainable urban development of the community. In this text, an attempt is made to perceive and assess civic participation as an indicator for confirming the role of cultural heritage in sustainable urban development through the open opportunities and vitality of civil society in the Republic of North Macedonia, through the case in Bitola.

Young people and environmental affordances in urban sustainable development: insights into transport and green and public space in seven cities

BackgroundCities are at the fore of sustainability challenges of the twenty-first century, and many, particularly in Asia and Africa, are predominantly youthful spaces. Understanding young people’s experiences in urban environments is therefore important as we strive to achieve both the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement. Two amenities identified in the urban Sustainable Development Goal 11, transport and public and green space, are specifically recognised as applying to youth. Yet, there is little analysis that explicitly considers how youth experience these amenities across the Global North and South, and no current measures for understanding progress in youth experiences of green space and transport.ResultsThis paper provides a comparative analysis of young people’s experiences with local transport and green space in seven diverse urban communities (Christchurch, New Zealand; Dhaka, Bangladesh; Lambeth/London, UK; Makhanda, South Africa; New Delhi, India; São Paulo, Brazil; and Yokohama, Japan). Our study contributes to a growing body of literature that seeks to listen to child and youth perspectives to understand their environmental experiences. We examine the ‘affordances’ young residents aged 12 to 24 years currently associate with green space and transport amenities. Affordances are defined here as the inter-relationships between what a local environment offers young people and their perceptions and actions. Drawing on focus groups and interviews conducted with 332 young people, we identify five affordances young people associate in relation to transport and public space across these diverse urban settings: (1) social inclusion and belonging; (2) autonomy; (3) physical comfort and security; (4) relaxation and reflection; and (5) health and fitness.ConclusionsThe paper contributes to growing interdisciplinary research interest in measuring affordances as a way to advance the Sustainable Development Goals in an urban context. In providing a comparative account of young people’s experiences across diverse contexts, our discussion highlights how affordances in relation to transport or public and green space can help understand the multiple interconnections between the well-being of young people and sustainability. In particular, we argue that it is not merely the provision of transport or public and green space that matters, but the nuanced meaning of places and experiences as understood by local communities that needs to be recognised if we are to better support urban youth wellbeing and advance sustainable development goals.

Ex-anteImpact Assessment of Urban Interventions: The Sustainability Check at the Example of the City of Bottrop, Germany

The effects of climate change and associated extreme weather events such as heat, storms and heavy rainfall lead to considerable damage to property and personal injury worldwide. To counteract the causes and consequences of climate change, many states, regions and cities worldwide declared the status of climate emergency in 2019. As a result, scientists and urban planners intensified their efforts to develop appropriate mechanisms and measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change and its consequences.This paper presents an informal systematic and user-driven governance instrument, which examines the ecological, social and economic effects of urban interventions – the ‘Sustainability Check’. As a target-based assessment tool, it provides decision-makers with information about the extent to which a planned intervention corresponds with future-oriented urban development. The check results from the research project ZUKUR (‘Future of the Urban Region Ruhr’), in which researchers and practitioners from the City of Bottrop (Germany) worked together in a real-world laboratory. The Sustainability Check is novel because it combines elements of an impact assessment tailored to user needs and links sustainable urban development goals with resilient and environmentally just urban development at the local level. Based on the first application, we conclude that the Sustainability Check significantly contributes to developing a future-oriented city. Adapted to the local and context-specific needs of a city, it offers systematic consideration of the requirements of sustainable, resilient and environmentally just urban development in an efficient manner and at the early-stage.

Cultural policy and just cities in Africa

In the vastly unequal contexts typical in African cities and amidst the poly crisis of rapid urban development, it is vital to understand how cultural heritage intersects with urban planning, design and development. Although integrating cultural heritage into the urban agenda is crucial to developing sustainable cities, the ways in which culture is being defined by and asserted in global policies such as the New Urban Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals discourses is problematic and may land in unexpected ways in African cities. By drawing on examples from two African cities, the article starts by exploring how cultural heritage is articulated in the African and global urban agenda, paying particular attention to the skewing towards specific articulations of cultural heritage. Secondly, the article considers how policies land in African contexts, engaging with the limitations of devolved policies and normative assumptions of the built environment, tourism and creative industries. Thirdly, the article explores examples of intangible and ephemeral culture in the form of festivals that function tangentially to the current culture-urban agenda, but that are helping to counterbalance inequitable urbanisms. Finally, drawing on these examples, the article identifies policy opportunities to promote fair and sustainable cities through cultural citizenship and implementing policy for more just African cities.

CITTASLOW AS AN APPROACH TO SUPPORT LOCAL URBAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

As a result of publishing the concept of Globalization all over the world, The rate of urbanization is vast increasing, so the cities have witnessed an unprecedented civilization acceleration., but this fast life affected the economic, social and cultural life styles of communities, These differentiations are also effective in the formation of urban spaces and architecture and in the generation of urban life quality at cities. Due to Fast does not always mean progress and more competitiveness, has appeared as sustainable model based on an alternative philosophy of globalization and fast life. It is a global organization that strives to achieve the goal of sustainable urban development through the avoidance of global culture in planning, urban design and infrastructure. Their policies promote local diversity and economic and cultural strengths, build on historic resources and traditions, and encourage a slow, relaxed pace of life. The research was based on the construction of a comprehensive theoretical framework through the review and study of literature on the subject of the concept of Globalization and its effects on the urban system and the rate of urbanization and urban problems which are increasing significantly according to the rapid changes that have developed in many cities, Within the scope of this study, ‘Cittaslow’ movement is addressed as a different approach to building sustainable cities to face the effects of the ideas of globalization and fast life on the urban system , by ensuring the notion of ‘Cittaslow’ is clearly understood, urban parameters suggested by Cittaslow within the framework of achiving sustainability as a solution to modern-day urban problems. Then the research analyze one of slow cities experiment. In an attempt to devise whether the application of Cittaslow policies would be a valuable approach for cities planners to adopt, to aid in addressing issues of small towns in Egypt and to assist them in supporting sustainable urban development includes the overall results of the search and recommendations. The study aims to take advantage of “Cittaslow policies and principles to turn the theoretical underpinnings of sustainable development and Local Agenda 21 into a more powerful and practical action plan. In an attempt to devise processes within which to activate “Cittaslow” policies and principles to implement local urban sustainable development.

Measuring the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Transport Target and Accessibility of Nairobi’s Matatus

The urban Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) includes the target to provide “access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all” by 2030. However, debate exists around the best indicator to measure this target, and few actual measurements exist. This is in part because basic transit data are missing from many of the world’s cities, including in Africa where popular or “informal” systems dominate. This paper explores how to make progress in measuring indicators for the SDG transport target using Nairobi’s minibus system, matatus, as a case study. We partially measure the SDG indicator for the city as currently defined by the UN and then compare the SDG measurement to a location-based accessibility indicator that incorporates income data, travel times, and land-use considerations for Nairobi’s highly monocentric spatial urban form. We show that although the SDG analysis suggests generally favorable transit coverage, it also points to underlying transport inequalities for low-income residents. The more fine-grained location-based accessibility analysis reveals rapidly decreasing accessibility to opportunities as distance increases from the city’s central business district. This accessibility-based analysis further highlights income-based transport inequalities, identifying opportunities for improving integrated transport for residents living on the city’s near and far peripheries. Improving non-motorized transport access for those living in low-income areas with high access potential would also be important to improve access. We recommend that cities start using open-source software and open data to measure a variety of indicators needed for data-driven policy, to meet SDG 11.2 and go further to improve access to opportunities for all residents.

Initiating Consensus Building to Utilize Urban Open Space for Urban Agriculture: A Case Study of Pekanbaru City, Indonesia

AbstractCreating an inclusive, safe, comfortable, resilient, productive, and sustainable city is a formidable challenge while accommodating new urban agendas and sustainable development goals, most of which are urban-related. On the other hand, scarce urban land needs to be used efficiently in concert with efforts to implement national spatial missions in Indonesia. This article focuses on the effort to optimize the use of abandoned land for urban agriculture in the city of Pekanbaru, Indonesia, by using descriptive methods and SWOT analysis. It discusses the dilemmas in the practice of transforming underutilized urban open spaces for urban agriculture considering the local spatial context, stakeholders, and planning authorities in particular. Innovation in solving problems in urban areas is necessary, especially regarding the institutional aspects of planning. The local government, in this case the city of Pekanbaru, should be more creative, take more initiative, and take more care in its effort to encourage the utilization of abandoned land for urban agriculture development. The innovation offered here concerns the way to encourage the owners of abandoned land to participate in developing urban agriculture. This relates to land owned by the central government, the local government, individuals, and the private sector, as well as disputed land. There are difficulties in each situation related to various uncertainties and other obstacles, including how to devise regulations that provide incentives and disincentives for urban landowners who deliberately leave their land unused. In the context of consensus building, giving motivation and raising more concern for urban agriculture development among all stakeholders is the starting point, but without mutual benefits, agreement to cooperate will be difficult to obtain.

Annual large-scale urban land mapping based on Landsat time series in Google Earth Engine and OpenStreetMap data: A case study in the middle Yangtze River basin

Long time series (e.g. 30 years) urban land observations from remote sensing images are important for urban growth modeling as well as for the goal of sustainable urban development. However, updates to regional and even global maps are infrequent due to the cost and difficulty of collecting representative training data and the requirement for high-performance computation in processing large amounts of images. In this study, a semi-automatic large-scale and long time series (LSLTS) urban land mapping framework is demonstrated by integrating the crowdsourced OpenStreetMap (OSM) data with free Landsat images (~13,218 scenes) to generate annual urban land maps in the 317,000 km2 middle Yangtze River basin (MYRB) from 1987 to 2017 facilitated by Google Earth Engine (GEE). Random training samples for latest year were generated based on the updated OSM land use data after a manual topological conflict processing and uploaded to GEE for automatic image classification. For each historical year, training samples were obtained with a proposed transferring schema by which only the unchanged were selected through a change detection analysis. The annual spectral indices and texture feature maps acquired from the surface reflectance dataset were also added to the original bands. Finally, the classified maps were downloaded from GEE and a spatial-temporal consistency checking was further performed. Based on independent samples, the overall accuracies and kappa coefficients of all years ranged from 98% to 99% and 0.65 to 0.85, respectively. Our product when compared with current 30 m land-cover products showed similar accuracies but more spatial details. The characteristics of pattern, traces, and hotspots of urban expansion were further explored. This study provides a more convenient procedure for LSLTS urban land mapping especially for areas where large-scale field sample-collection is difficult and little historical crowdsourced datasets are available. The resultant dataset is expected to provide consistent details about the spatial distribution of urban land in MYRB. We highlight the potential use of this proposed framework to be applied and validated to other parts of the world to help better understand and quantify various aspects of urban-related problems.

Embodied Energy and Lifecycle Costs: Questioning (Mis)conceptions about Underground Construction

In the construction community, underground construction is perceived as being significantly more costly and more energy-consuming than comparable surface construction. Although the literature is scarce, studies that have attempted to quantify this difference tend to compare built projects in heterogeneous conditions. The objective of this article is to present the results of life cycle cost and energy consumption simulations conducted as part of the Deep City project at the École Polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland. This article begins by examining the preconceptions the construction industry seems to have about underground construction as reported in the press from 2007 to 2017. Then, we present the method and results of two unpublished studies on the differences in costs and energy consumption of a hypothetical commercial building project in two different geological contexts. We find that energy consumption can be 15% higher but also 4% lower. We also find that underground construction in unconsolidated sediment ground is approximately 23% more expensive, while only 10% in bedrock, which is significantly lower than the 200% to 300% differentials reported in previous studies. We attribute this to the level of detail of our studies, the inclusion of ground conditions, and conclude that our results help to dispel certain misconceptions about underground construction, which can contribute positively to urban sustainable development goals.

An Integrated Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach to Assess Sustainable Urban Development in an Emerging Economy.

Sustainable urban development (SUD) requires a balance between economic growth, social well-being, and environmental protection. Oftentimes, urban policy makers can hardly fulfill all SUD goals due to inadequacy of resources to support SUD programs. Therefore, the process of allocating scarce resources to achieve and balance various SUD goals becomes a critical challenge for policy makers and researchers. To solve this problem, this study adopts fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Situation (TOPSIS) to assess and rank different indicators of SUD and evaluate different cities in an emerging economy (Vietnam). Fuzzy methods exhibit more advantages than traditional ranking methods. Fuzzy AHP is an extension of AHP, whereas fuzzy TOPSIS is an extension of TOPSIS. Fuzzy methods are used to overcome disadvantages of traditional methods and are beneficial techniques for solving complicated decision problems with a realistic solution. Using a valid sample data of ten experts in the field of SUD, empirical results show that education, healthcare, quality of life, and social democracy are the most important indicators of SUD. By contrast, social diversity, social maturity, and energy consumption are the least important indicators of SUD. For social sustainability, social democracy and quality of life are the two most important criteria, whereas social maturity and social diversity are the two least important criteria. For economic sustainability, education and healthcare are the two most important criteria, whereas infrastructure and income are the two least important criteria. For environmental sustainability, water quality and waste disposal are the two most important criteria, whereas energy consumption and ecological conservation are the two least important criteria. Furthermore, fuzzy TOPSIS results reveal the best and the worst cities in Vietnam with regard to overall SUD and its three components. This study provides evidence for researchers and policy makers to better understand the importance of different goals of SUD and efficiently allocate scarce resources to achieve and balance different SUD goals. Furthermore, researchers and policy makers should further focus on indicators such as social democracy, quality of life, education, healthcare, water quality, and waste disposal. These indicators will help obtain the goals of SUD.

The role of comparative city policy data in assessing progress toward the urban SDG targets

As part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, all countries have agreed to “make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”. We argue that there is a critical need for large-scale comparative city policy data that, when linked with outcome data, could be used to identify where policies are working and where they could be improved. In an assessment of the landscape of existing city policy data, based on a comprehensive scoping review, we find that existing databases are insufficient for the purposes of comparative analysis. We then describe what an “ideal” city policy database would look like, where it could be housed, and how it could be developed. Such a database could be a key tool for achieving SDG 11, the urban Sustainable Development Goal.

The Formation of Government-Oriented Creative Community and Its Driving Mechanisms: A Case Study of the 39° Space Art Creative Community in Foshan, China

With the arrival of the era of the creative economy, the “creative community”, a joint product of the regional/community revival movement and the localization of cultural and creative industries, has become a new goal of sustainable urban development. Creative communities can be government-oriented (top-down), or they can involve a sequence of autogenic developments (bottom-up) depending on the initial motivating force behind their formation. This paper provides a case study of the government-oriented Foshan 39° Space Art Creative Community (hereinafter, the 39° Community), though questionnaires, interviews, field observations, and other methods, to obtain a better understanding of how government-oriented creative communities formed. The paper discusses the mechanisms driving such communities in Chinese cities by constructing a driving mechanism model. The results show that policy decisions, under a special policy and industrial background jointly provided by the Foshan municipal government and the Nanhai District government together, is the initial impetus for the emergence of the 39° Community. The community has a concise and flexible organizational structure, creative community members, reasonable community function partitioning, a vibrant and innovative environment, and a variety of creative elements. Finally, the key to the sustainable development of the government-oriented creative community lies in the combined effect of endogenous and exogenous motivations that include a strong support from the local government, market demand, a favorable location, high-quality community services, and creative spirit. High-quality community service is a critical factor in the interaction between exogenous forces and endogenous factors because it can create bridges among governments, enterprises, employees, and the community.

On-street Parking Management in Megacity: Case Study of Central Area of Ho Chi Minh City

One of the problems of urban transport is parking planning. The population of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) reached 8.6 million units in 2017, and about 80% of the total population owned motor vehicles with 7.6 million vehicles. The high rate of mechanization causes a large load on the existing transport infrastructure, negatively affecting the quality of life of residents and preventing the City government from achieving the goals of sustainable urban development. Transport management is a complex operation, including on-road parking systems. Ben Nghe Ward of District 1, located in the central area of Ho Chi Minh City, has become one of the pilot areas to deploy a new parking plan from 2018. After a year of pilot implementation, the effectiveness has not yet achieved the expected effect. Therefore, this study is proposed to evaluate new possibilities to maximize the effectiveness of future road management. Within the scope of this research paper, the topic of the research and the issues are raised as well as clarifying the scope of the research. Moreover, the research objectives and questions are made to begin research correctly. In addition, necessary research methods and data collection methods are also identified for successful research.

Urban Land Grabs in Africa?

Africa is rapidly urbanising. New dynamics of investments and mobilities ensue the expansive urbanisation, generating transformative effects on the continents urban land and built environment. The transformative effects are also on the future prospects for sustainable living conditions for African urban dwellers. This special issue of Built Environment has collected articles that carefully observe these effects, in order to explore whether these are indeed leading to ‘urban land grabs’, which take place in new forms of commodification and speculation of land and properties. We recognise that the trend of commodification and speculation is likely to intensify, as the new modernisation agenda is being propagated in the name of pursuing urban sustainability and resilience, corresponding to the New Urban Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals. At the same time, inclusive urban development is also debated in these international agendas, as ordinary citizens increasingly confront livelihood and land use changes, spatial alteration and social segregation, or physical displacement. In this context, we know little about how African urban dwellers’ experiences could be understood and used to envision genuinely sustainable and inclusive urban development. In this editorial, we give an overview of various emerging urban land investments and how they are experienced by urban dwellers. As shown in all the articles of this special issue, we argue that the far reaching impact of increased investments and mobilities leading to commodification and land speculation as well as the urban dwellers’ agency to navigate the impact deserve more attention in discussions on sustainable and inclusive urban development in Africa.

城市食物-能源-水关联关系:概念框架与研究展望

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 城市食物-能源-水关联关系:概念框架与研究展望 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201809081926 作者: 作者单位: 北京师范大学环境学院,北京师范大学环境学院,北京师范大学环境学院,北京师范大学环境学院,北京师范大学环境学院,北京师范大学环境学院,密歇根大学自然资源与环境学院,安娜堡,密歇根州 -,美国 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金国际（地区）合作与交流项目（51661125010）；国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0505703）；环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室项目（17L02ESPC） Urban food-energy-water (FEW) nexus: conceptual frameworks and prospects Author: Affiliation: Beijing Normal University,Beijing Normal University,,,,, Fund Project: This work was supported by the Funds for International Cooperation and Exchanges of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51661125010), National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2017YFC0505703), and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (17L02ESPC) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:食物、能源和水（Food，Energy and Water，FEW）是人类生存与发展不可或缺的基础性资源，且三者之间存在密切的关联关系（Nexus），即其中任何一项资源的生产与供给均依赖于另外两项资源。FEW关联关系作为应对全球人口增长、资源短缺和生态环境恶化等问题的系统性管理理念，已引起国际学术界与实践管理领域的广泛关注。然而，目前对FEW关联关系仍然缺乏统一和清晰的界定，现有研究大多是基于不同角度理解与量化"关联关系"。城市作为全球资源消费的主阵地，其FEW关联关系更为复杂，亟待建立针对城市生态系统的概念框架。对FEW关联关系的发展历程、概念表述以及研究方法等方面进行全面回顾和系统分析。在此基础上，从"资源依存"、"资源供给"和"系统集成"等3个视角构建了城市FEW关联关系的概念框架，并进一步阐述FEW关联关系未来研究的重点方向——"系统性表征"、"时空演化"与"协同管理"，为城市优化资源配置，实现集成管理提供一种新思路和定量化的参考依据。 Abstract:Food, energy, and water (FEW) are three kinds of essential and indispensable resources to human beings. Moreover, they are interlinked with one another, and changing the components of one system may lead to ripple effects (desired or undesired) on the other two systems. Currently, the FEW nexus is increasingly concerned by scholars and policy makers. The FEW nexus is a key concept to address the issues of population boom, resource scarcity, and environmental degradation. However, there still lacks consistent and explicit cognitions of the FEW nexus. Most of existing studies focus on the characterization and quantification of the FEW nexus from multiple perspectives. Little attention is paid to the universal experience in synergy management, especially for urban systems. Cities are critical carriers of the population and economic activities and are also important contributors to the FEW consumption. They are essential for the sustainable development and are thus inextricable parts of the FEW nexus. However, urban FEW nexus has been rarely concerned by existing studies. This study presented a comprehensive review to track the progress of the FEW nexus. We also proposed a three-dimensional conceptual framework of the urban FEW nexus to achieve urban sustainable development goals, including resource interdependency, resource provision, and system integration. Finally, we discussed future directions of urban FEW nexus studies. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

The Historic Urban Landscape approach to urban management: a systematic review

ABSTRACTIn 2011, UNESCO adopted the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) recommendation and called for the application of a landscape approach to ensure the integration of cultural heritage policies and management concerns in the wider goals of sustainable urban development. This paper tracks the genesis of a landscape approach to heritage conservation, and then presents a systematic review of the literature on the HUL. More than 100 publications from 2010 to early 2018 were analysed. The applied methodology combined an inductive categorization method with a deductive data mining method. The objective is to determine whether the academic discussion is addressing the different dimensions of the HUL approach, including the holistic, integrated, and value-based dimensions, and whether it is progressing through time to move from a conceptual to an operational level. Results show that while the discussion is heavily focused on values, the operationalization of a value-based approach is still lacking, as it is not fully contextualized in relation to local heritage discourses and the dynamics of heritage governance. Results also show that many case studies applications are in ‘non-Western’ cities, thus opening the debate about the accountability of a value-based approach in contexts that tend to be dominated by groups with the most political power, and where conservation practices mainly focus on the mobilization of material heritage to foster its economic value. Nevertheless, the transition from international guidelines to contextualized local endeavours and policies remains a challenge to be solved.