Participative Goal Setting Research Articles

An Integrative Approach to STEM Workforce Preparation in a Biomedical Science Course [Quality Improvement

Successful retention of STEM majors that then successfully transition into the U.S. STEM workforce is a major challenge for institutions of higher education. The present work represents a quality improvement study of a custom-designed professional development course for undergraduate students characterized by an innovative integration of workforce preparation activities into a STEM content knowledge course. The QI study investigated the student-perceived impact of participation in goal setting and skill assessment utilizing an individual development plan and whether participation in the custom-designed training course increased student proficiency in STEM workforce-relevant skills. Program evaluation data was used to address the professional development needs of undergraduate STEM students, who are members of underrepresented groups in biomedical science. Evaluation data was used to design the professional development course to target and customize structures to support student success planning and goal attainment. Analysis of reported outcomes indicates that most students benefited from participation in the course and experienced a positive impact on their proficiency in workforce relevant skills and goal setting. This integrated approach to workforce preparation in STEM may address some of the persistence and retention challenges that threaten the size and diversity of the future STEM workforce within the U.S.

Task-crafting: how power distance shapes the influence of goal-setting participation

Task-crafting: how power distance shapes the influence of goal-setting participation

A joint venture: patients’ experiences with goal setting in rheumatology rehabilitation – a qualitative study

Purpose To explore how patients with rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) perceive participation in the goal setting process prior to interdisciplinary rehabilitation. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 participants admitted to an interdisciplinary rehabilitation stay for patients with RMDs at two Danish rehabilitation centres. Qualitative content analysis was applied. Results The participants perceived goal setting as a joint venture between two parties: the health professionals and the participant. Three categories were formed, which described both facilitators and barriers in the process. Responsibility for goal setting described the importance of shared responsibility, or health professionals as experts, taking full responsibility for goal setting. Equipped for goal setting included perceptions of being well prepared for the process, or considerations that goal setting was difficult because of a lack of information. An equal member of the team entailed both the feeling of being recognised as one in the team, or feeling like an outsider. Conclusion Goal setting is perceived as a challenge by some patients. Participation in goal setting depends on both the capacity and the opportunity to participate which are factors linked to patients’ level of health literacy.

Structural analysis modeling of participatory stakeholder management for green space improvement: evidence from Tehran Metropolis.

Encouraging stakeholder participation is now considered an appropriate approach to green space improvement. The main question is how to have people participate in the improvement process. This study aims to propose a participatory stakeholder management model of green space improvement in Tehran Metropolis. Therefore, 190 of Tehran Municipality's green space experts were selected as the statistical population for in-person and field interviews. The dependent research variable was defined as the green space improvement measured in four dimensions (i.e., green space planning, green space designing, green space implementation, and green space maintenance). However, the independent variable included the aspects of participatory management (i.e., participation in goal-setting, participation in decision-making, participation in organizational change, participation in problem-solving, and organizational culture). The results indicated that only organizational culture and participation in organizational change explained nearly 96% of participatory management variations and improved 67% of the green space.

The Moderating Role of Feedback on the Effect of Goal-Setting Participation on Innovative Work Behaviour

Change is something that is bound to happen. Employees in service industries such as hospitality business must have innovative work behavior to help companies grow and thrive in a constantly changing environment. One way to get employee work integrity in the face of change is to set work goals. The involvement of employees in setting work goals is inseparable from the role of superiors to provide feedback. This study aims to describe the relationship between goal-setting participation and employees' innovative work behavior and their relationship with feedback as a moderating variable. The research methodology uses a quantitative descriptive approach, whereas 101 of four-star hotel employees in Belitung Regency and employed convenience sampling. The results revealed that goal-setting variable has a positive and meaningful relationship with the feedback variable. Moreover, the feedback variable has a role both as an independent and a moderator variable in the relationship between goal-setting variable and innovative work behavior. The implications of the research results provide input to hotel business actors the importance of encouraging goal-setting participation and employing the goals as the positive feedback for the employees.

Test of the Rehabilitation Goal Screening (ReGoS) Tool to Support Decision Making and Goal Setting in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Practice

It has already been shown that it is feasible to use International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Sets as self-assessment instruments. We used this idea to design an ICF-based screening tool to assess patients of a broadly based rehabilitation department. It was developed for the purpose of having a screening tool before taking the anamnesis, as well as for rehabilitation planning and follow-up. The Rehabilitation Goal Screening (ReGoS) instrument is a self-report questionnaire which was developed based on the most relevant domains from the ICF Core Sets for chronic pain and rehabilitation. The ICF categories were translated into plain language and 0-10 Likert scales were used. A retrospective analysis of routine clinical data using the ReGoS tool, Work Ability Index (WAI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in paper- or tablet-based form was performed. The average age of the N = 1.008 respondents was 53.9 years (SD = 16.2). Of the respondents, 66% (n = 665) were female. At the time of the survey, 48.3% (n = 487) of the patients were employed. ReGoS results demonstrated that the highest restrictions on a scale from 0 to 10 were found in the areas of energy and drive (M = 5.79, SD = 2.575) and activities of daily living (M = 5.54, SD = 2.778). More than a third of the respondents rated their work ability as critical. The use of the ReGoS instrument as an ICF-based screening tool based on a self-report questionnaire provides relevant information for clinical diagnosis, participative goal setting and a detailed functional capacity profile.

The effect of applying the nursing process based on the Theory of Goal Attainment on activities of daily living and quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis during COVID-19 pandemic: a clinical trial.

BackgroundThe chronic nature of multiple sclerosis (MS) affects patient’s activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL). Nursing interventions based on patients’ active participation in goal-setting can be beneficial in improving ADL and QOL.AimsThis study aimed to determine the effect of applying the nursing process based on King’s Theory of Goal Attainment (TGA) on ADL and QOL of persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsIn this clinical trial, 70 patients referred to the MS Society of Hamadan, Iran, were recruited using the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into 2 groups. A 4-stage TGA was developed and implemented for the intervention group for a month. Data were gathered by ADL, instrumental ADL (IADL), and QOL questionnaires, and Goal of Attainment Scale (GAS) before and 2 months after the intervention.ResultsIntervention group achieved a higher number of prioritized goals (p < 0.001) and reported higher QOL (P < 0.001) and instrumental ADL (IADL; P = 0.002) than the control group.ConclusionsGiven the results, TGA could effectively promote mutual goal attainment, QOL, and IADL for PwMS during the COVID-19 pandemic.Trial registrationClinicalTriasl.gov Identifier: IRCT20201210049668N1.

The Role of Using of the Student-Centered Techniques in Electronic Classroom

Student-centered instruction is the situation which involves students' participation in goal setting, emphasis upon effective goals, student interaction, the ability of the teacher to accept inaccurate statements, cohesiveness and autonomy of the group, and an amount of time devoted to discussing personal experiences and problems. The present study aims at finding out the role of the student-centered techniques in the electronic English language classroom for EFL college students of mass media. The present study hypothesizes that there is no role for these techniques in e-classroom. The adopted procedures will be a checklist of (13) items submitted to a group of experts in ELT in order to ensure its validity in measuring variables. The researcher collects data after two terms of observation and statistically analyses them and then puts the results and conclusions, recommendations and suggestions for further studies.

The mechanism of goal-setting participation's impact on employees' proactive behavior, moderated mediation role of power distance.

Organizations nowadays are under immense external pressure due to advancements in information technology, making it precarious. It also inserts extra pressure to keep the employees motivated and productive. Therefore, while information technology benefits the organization, it also challenges the organization and employees more. In order to meet these challenges, many organizations have begun to flatten their organizational structures and decentralized their management approaches. This study collected 336 valid questionnaires from 20 service companies. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested. In addition, the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Relevant analysis and empirical analysis were also carried out using hierarchical regression. The study finds that (1) Goal-setting participation positively affects employees’ proactive behavior. (2) Perceived insider status plays a mediating role between goal-setting participation and employee proactive behavior. (3) The power distance positively modifies the goal-setting participation in the relationship of employee’s perceived insider status. (4) Power distance positively moderates perceived insider status in the relationship of goal-setting participation on employee proactive behavior through perceived insider status. This research applies goal-setting theory and social cognition theory to build a theoretical framework for the influence mechanism of goal-setting participation on employee’s proactive behavior. Expands the application scope of fundamental theoretical research and improve understanding of the relationship between goal-setting participation and employee’s proactive behavior. The research conclusions help organizations understand the formation mechanism of employees’ proactive behaviors, strengthen the focus on goal-setting participation, and optimize the relationship between leaders and employees.

Development and evaluation of a new model for person-centred goal setting using practice development and appreciative inquiry approaches in a rehabilitation unit

Background: This article explores the use of a mixed-methods participatory approach to bring about transformative change to goal setting in an 18-bed, subacute rehabilitation unit in New South Wales. Aim: To use a blended approach underpinned by practice development and appreciative inquiry approaches, to develop and evaluate a model of person-centred goal setting for rehabilitation clients. Methods: Evaluative methods were co-designed and co-agreed by members of the rehabilitation team, based on what the team hoped to achieve in terms of establishing goals for clients in their care and what this meant to clients and each other. Data sources included team discussions, semi-structured interviews with individual team members and clients, a survey and stories using emotional touchpoints. Interpretation of the data involved content analysis for generation of themes and the use of Statistical Package for Social Science software for analysis of the survey. Results: Nine themes emerged. Clients highlighted: barriers to goal achievement; incorporation of goals into daily care; goal achievement; and a sense of purpose. The rehabilitation team highlighted: becoming person-centred; their role in goal setting; and barriers to establishing goals. The survey responses showed the team used person-centred approaches to achieve person-centred goals. Conclusion: Changes to goal setting allowed staff to feel person-centred in their care delivery and gave them the satisfaction of knowing they were doing something meaningful for those in their care. There was strong agreement that a unified team approach to goal setting was key to client satisfaction and achievement of the goals. Clients felt valued and included in making decisions surrounding their care. Implications for practice: • Using the practice development principle of developing collaborative partnerships among healthcare teams leads to greater involvement of clients in their care • Involving clients in goal setting leads to greater success and improved client satisfaction • Appreciative inquiry and practice development approaches are effective in developing partnerships between team members • Staff who treat clients with dignity and respect improve participation in goal setting by the clients • Creating a space in which the emotional needs of clients can be heard and acted on is crucial for success in goal achievement • Appreciative inquiry generates a greater appreciation and understanding of how to deliver person-centred care

Is value statement an effective informal control for stimulating pro-environmental behaviors?

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine when and how a pro-environmental value statement is effective at stimulating pro-environmental behavior. Specifically, it examines whether the effect of pro-environmental value statements on pro-environmental behavior depends on participation in goal setting and whether that effect is explained by goal commitment. Few recent empirical studies examine the behavioral effects of value statements, despite the potential of this informal control to stimulate appropriate behaviors. Also scarce are studies on management control examining the effects of different types of control on pro-environmental behavior. Pro-environmental behaviors are important in the business environment as they promote a reduction in pollutants and contribute to the effective design of environmental management systems and to environmental performance. Thus, it is important to identify how management control mechanisms can promote or inhibit this type of behavior. The contribution to the management control literature is to show in which context and through which process value statements can be an effective informal control. In addition, the practical implication is that decentralized organizations can benefit from the use of value statements as a control mechanism, providing they enable participation in goal setting. Participants were recruited via the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform and they had to decide about compliance with an environmental agreement in an experimental study. I manipulate the presence of a pro-environmental value statement and the participation in setting the profit goal. Research findings indicate that a pro-environmental value statement reduces commitment to the profit goal and thus increases environmental compliance, but only when the goal-setting is participative. When the goal-setting is imposed, a pro-environmental value statement does not affect commitment and environmental compliance. The main contribution is to indicate that decentralized organizations can stimulate appropriate behaviors by communicating prioritized values through a value statement when participation in goal setting is allowed.

Pengaruh Insentif Keuangan Dan Penetapan Tujuan Terhadap Kinerja Individu: Uji Eksperimen Mahasiswa Kewirausahaan

This study aims to examine the effect of incentive schemes and participation in goal setting on performance. This study intends to test whether goal-setting theory can explain the effect of incentive schemes and individual participation in setting goals on performance achieved within a certain period. The incentive schemes tested in the study are piece-rate, quotas in relation to performance and targeting. Field experiment procedures with a 2x2 design were carried out to test the causal relationship between these variables. Experiments were carried out on 141 students with experimental tasks related to entrepreneurship courses. Data analysis and hypothesis testing were performed using Two Way Anova repeated measurement and contrast test. The results of the analysis show that the performance of the quota incentive scheme where the incentives are given based on the set targets is less than the piece-rate incentive scheme. The budget-based incentive scheme, in this case the quota incentive scheme, is not expected to provide an increase in effort. The increase in effort does not result in better performance.

Participatory Management, Goal Ambiguity, and Gaming Behaviors in Performance Management: Evidence from Township Government Cadres in Mainland China

Gaming behaviors are challenges to governments’ performance measurement systems. This paper presents a theory of the ways in which participatory management and goal ambiguity shape gaming behaviors in performance management. Using survey data from China, this study empirically shows that in high-incentive performance measurement systems, township government cadres’ participation in goal-setting has a significant positive effect on their gaming behaviors; cadres’ perceived goal ambiguity has a significant negative effect on their gaming behaviors; and participatory management affects gaming behaviors through goal ambiguity. This study’s findings reveal that in the context of high pressure and intense competition, gaining more useful information from participation in goal-setting and developing a deeper understanding of the evaluative goals requested by superiors may allow township government cadres to identify loopholes in performance measurement systems and seize opportunities for gaming. These findings imply that a comprehensive management strategy should be used to limit gaming behaviors.

\u201cWhat would you like to achieve?\u201d Goal-Setting in Patients with Dementia in Geriatric Rehabilitation

BackgroundSetting meaningful, individualized rehabilitation goals is an essential part of the rehabilitation process. Even though patients with dementia are a drastically increasing patient group in geriatric rehabilitation, empirical data about meaningful rehabilitation goals and collaborative goal-setting in this target group is missing. Cognitive impairment and lack of insight in current deficits have been discussed as barriers for participation in goal-setting, but require empirical examination.This study investigated the feasibility of a semi-structured versus a structured goal-setting approach and the types of goals, rehabilitation patients with mild to moderate dementia perceive as personally relevant. Insights in acute functional and motor deficits, differentiated by cognitive status were explored.MethodsCohort study in a geriatric rehabilitation center. Semi-structured and ICF-based, structured interviews were applied to explore patients` rehabilitation goals. Patients` insight in deficits was operationalized as the relationship of self-ratings and objective measures of linked clinical assessments for the same functional construct.ResultsPatients (n = 101, MMSE 22 ± 2.6, age 83.9 ± 5.9 years) stated the improvement of mobility-related functions and self-care activities (> 70%) but also psychological well-being such as handling stress or mood (> 38%) as most important rehabilitation goals. The structured interview facilitated goal-setting and provided a broader view of rehabilitation needs. Correlations between self-ratings and clinical assessments were medium to high (rho = 0.29 to 0.83) with highest associations for key motor features. Trend tests identified a significant trend between values of the clinical assessment and categories of self-ratings (p ≤ 0.01) with lower cognitive status derogating this relationship.ConclusionsCollaborative goal-setting was feasible, especially when supported by a structured approach and yielded a large spectrum of functional but also psychological rehabilitation needs from the patients` perspective. Patients showed sustained insight in their actual functional impairments, limited in a subgroup of patients with more advanced cognitive impairment.

How to foster collaborative performance management? Key factors in the US federal agencies

ABSTRACTPublic employees are urged to be tireless collaborators and skilled performance managers, but can they be both at the same time? We describe two approaches to collaborative performance management observed in the US federal performance system: interagency collaboration to achieve cross-agency goals, and intra-agency collaboration to achieve agency goals. We find that some factors that reinforce intra-agency collaboration – accountability to agency goals, investment in the agency performance system – fail to support, or even undercut, interagency collaboration. However, other factors – seniority, participation in goal-setting, and goal salience – can encourage both types of collaborative performance management.

A Survey Study into Participation in Goal Setting, Fairness, and Goal Commitment: Effects of Including Multiple Types of Fairness

ABSTRACTBuilding on goal setting and social exchange theory, this study extends prior research about how employee participation in setting annual performance and development goals is related to goal commitment via increased perceptions of fairness, through including other (correlated) types of fairness than typically studied in management accounting research. Survey data are collected from 135 employees and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results demonstrate participation is directly positively related to goal commitment as well as indirectly via distributive and informational fairness. In addition, the statistical relation between procedural fairness and goal commitment is suppressed: it ranges from significantly positive to significantly negative dependent on what other variables are included in the analyses. As a second contribution, the suppressor phenomenon and its implications are extensively discussed. Suppression mainly occurs when there is much overlap in the independent variables, for instance when multiple control practices are examined simultaneously as systems or packages.JEL Classifications: C18; C20; C30; L84; M12; M41; M52; M54.Data Availability: Data are available via the author until at least five years after publication.

Organizational Climate versus Nurses Empowerment among Nurses

Chronic Background: Organizational climate is the emotional state, perceptions and feelings shared by members of the system. Organizational climate has a major influence on motivation, productivity, satisfaction, and empowerment. Aim: The present study aimed to assess organizational climate versus nurses' empowerment. Research design: A descriptive, correlational design was used. Setting: This study conducted at Sirs Elian hospital. Research Subjects: A simple random sample of 150 staff nurses who selected from total 184 staff nurses. They are working in the study setting, and had work experience at least one year. Tools of data collection: Two tools were used namely organizational climate and empowerment questionnairessheets. Results: majority of staff nurses have positive perception about organizational climate regarding client service, also majority of staff nurses have high level of empowerment. Conclusion: There was statistically significant correlation between organizational climate and empowerment. Recommendations: Regular surveys should be done to examine employees' perception of organizational climate, establish a system of promotion and rewards, and encouragenurses’ participation in goal setting, problem solving, and decision-making.

Management by Objectives: An Overview

The main finding from this review of Management by Objectives is a comprehensive detailed guide administrators and managers at any level in an organization can use to immediately implement this participative goal setting process in an effective manner. Administrators and managers in for profit and nonprofit organizations must perform the four functions of management, namely, planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Management by Objectives (MBO) is a systems approach that can assist managers with these functions. This review of the literature includes: (a) a history of MBO, (b) a description of the MBO process, (c) advantages and disadvantages of using this process, and (d) guidelines for managers to use in implementing this participative goal setting technique. In organizations that top management has not implemented the process, supervisors and managers at any level can benefit from implementing MBO techniques managers at any level.

Pengaruh partisipasi penetapan tujuan terhadap goal commitment dengan procedural fairness dan interpersonal trust sebagai variabel pemediasi

This study aimed to examine (1) the direct effect of goal-setting participation on goal commitment, (2) indirect effect of goal-setting participation on goal commitment with procedural fairness and interpersonal trust as intervening variables. The data for this study was collected by sending a questionnaire via email using the Google Forms. 411 questionnaire are send to middle manager who work of manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange, and 74 responses are returned and due to incomplete data nine questionnaire were dropped. The hypothesis were tested by using Partial Least Square (PLS)2.0 M3. Seven out of eight hypotheses were accepted. Result of this study proved that (1) goal-setting participation has no significant effect on goal commitment; (2) no direct effect of goal-setting participation on goal commitment; (3) goal-setting participation has indirect effect toward goal commitment through procedural fairness and interpersonal trust as intervening variables.

Preparing for the future: multi-stakeholder perspectives on autonomous goal setting for adolescents with autism spectrum disorders

Purpose: Self-determination is linked to numerous positive outcomes including improved social inclusion and quality of life for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Autonomous participation in therapeutic goal setting is an important component of self-determination. This study examined perceptions of, and barriers to, autonomous goal setting as perceived by: (1) adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, (2) parents of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, and (3) interdisciplinary professionals.Method: Three focus groups (one with each of the key stakeholders) and one joint parent and child interview were conducted. All discussions were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed based on the methods outlined by Braun and Clarke (2006).Results: A total of 7 parents (6 mothers, 1 father), 4 youth with autism spectrum disorder, and 10 professionals participated in the study. Three themes related to current experiences with goal setting emerged: (1) purpose, (2) barriers, and (3) types.Conclusions: Currently, adolescents with autism spectrum disorder are rarely active participants in the goal setting process. This study provides novel data, from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders, about barriers, perceptions, and actualities related to autonomous goal setting for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.Implications for rehabilitationAdolescent participation in autonomous goal setting is an important component of self-determination.Rehabilitation professionals, parents, and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder identified similar barriers to autonomous goal setting.Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder described goals as short-term, concrete tasks, whereas parents perceived involvement in goal setting as a gateway to long-term self-determination.Rehabilitation professionals and parents acknowledged the benefits and advocated for increased involvement of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in the goal setting process.Similar to the paradigm shift toward family-centered care, rehabilitation professionals need to shift to include the involvement and participation of individuals with autism spectrum disorder.