Goal-oriented Approach Research Articles

Interpretive logic of the General Assembly of Iran’s Administrative Justice Court in Taxation lawsuits

Obtaining the interpretive method (interpretive logic) of the General Assembly of the Administrative Court of Justice in tax disputes will provide the power to predict the performance of researchers, government agencies, taxpayers and tax lawyers, as well as creating the context to strengthen the talents and correct weaknesses of this organ in the interpretation of laws. This study seeks to answer the question of based on what approach the General Assembly of the Court of Administrative Justice interprets tax laws and what are the advantages and disadvantages of the interpretive logic of this institution? This study showed that this assembly has used all source-oriented and goal-oriented interpretive approaches, but its use of source- oriented approach is more than other approaches (i.e. teleological approaches), which is one of the strengths in the board's interpretive logic. However, one of the points to be criticized is: first, the non-observance of the "hierarchy in the use of linguistic methods", such as the preference of "ordinary interpretation" over "technical interpretation". Second, the slight use of a goal-oriented approach will also lead to a stagnation of this assembly in the interpretation of the rules.

What SDG6 is about: ‘sustainable management’ or ‘rational use’?

Abstract The paper describes the Global Water Partnership partner experience in the introduction of risk-based Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) into the Ukrainian water policy. We concluded that some proper ‘expressions’ and concepts have already been introduced into Ukrainian legislation, but not the accepted ‘meanings’ of such concepts as IWRM, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), and water security. The concept of ‘sustainable management’, in the Russian version of Water SDG6, is translated as ‘rational use’ but no one can explain why. We suggest that such a misunderstanding happened since Ukrainian decision-makers still perceive themselves only as water users who are not obligated to achieve any development goals. Therefore, they are quite comfortable with the existing normative approach to water management where the objectives are compliance with defined norms and ensuring water security, which is understood as an absence of any water risk solely to humans, rather than the environment at large. Keeping in mind that true science starts with measurable values, and recognizing that you cannot manage if you cannot measure, we propose to change this false understanding of water security and sustainability that is inherent in the outmoded concept of ‘rational use’. Such a shift is only possible by switching to a measurable goal-oriented approach and risk management in water policy.

“Of One Mind – Meeting Patients Where They’re At”: The Shared Mental Models of Goal-Oriented Care

Many primary care organizations are in the midst of a transformation towards delivering team-based care that is coordinated, person centered, and goal oriented. However, taking a team approach to care delivery has proved to be challenging for many teams, particularly when there is a need to work across organizational boundaries. Understanding the mental models of providers and leaders involved in the delivery of team-based primary care is one approach to identify the mechanisms behind effective teamwork. This paper examines the extent to which shared mental models exist among a team that adopted a goal-oriented approach to deliver team-based primary care. We conducted a secondary analysis of a qualitative dataset from a case study of an interdisciplinary and trans-organizational team that successfully transformed the delivery of primary care in Vermont, United States. Using Shared Mental Model Theory, we explicate the content of providers' and leaders' mental models in delivering goal-oriented care (i.e., knowledge and beliefs regarding their task and team). We found evidence of strong shared mental models of goal-oriented care in the team under study. The results provide a framework of key elements of shared mental models which may be required for team-based delivery of goal-oriented care.

Coping with deficiencies in the Polar Code: a Russian perspective

ABSTRACT This article examines shortcomings of the Polar Code (PC) from a Russian perspective. While the PC represents a historic milestone in international regulation of navigation in polar waters, the expert community has noted several drawbacks. Russian experts’ concerns relate mainly to potentially negative effects of the PC’s goal-oriented approach. The code leaves much to the discretion of the flag states’ administration, shipowners, and classification societies in terms of defining the exact scope and substance of the safety standards. This approach exacerbates the problem of weak control over maritime operators’ compliance with international requirements. Since polar shipping requires special capacities, knowledge and skills available only to a limited group of stakeholders, the goal-oriented approach could pose significant risks in the Arctic. This article studies possible measures to mitigate these challenges, such as the implementation of national safety requirements based on Art. 234 of UNCLOS, establishment of a regional port state control mechanism and exercise of port state jurisdiction.

SCIENTIFIC AND METHODICAL BASIS FOR EVALUATION OF DESIGN COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE ENGINEERS

The urgency of the problem is explained by the growing importance of the methodological activities of high school teachers in the training of highly qualified, competitive personnel (qualified engineers) in the higher education system in the context of multi-level education. The goal-oriented approach to learning outcomes. The implementation of a competency-based approach has raised the question of the relevance of higher education teachers to innovative processes of methodological education. This article is devoted to the causes of methodological ability as a key component of the methodological activity of a university teacher, which directly affects the quality of education, characterizing his level of professionalism. The leading approach from the scientific jihad of this paper is modeling, which allows the problem to be viewed by teachers as a process of purposeful and conscious mastery of certain specific competencies in order to carry out highly qualified methodological activities.

Estrategias Financieras para mejorar las cuentas por cobrar en la Compañia Aquasport SAC

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo proponer estrategias financieras para mejorar las cuentas por cobrar en la compañía Aquasport S.A.C. 2017-2018, de acuerdo a la metodología de proyección del estado de situación financiera, estado de ganancias y pérdidas y presupuestos, en los periodos 2020-2024, empezando con el análisis de los estados financieros de la compañía.
 El estudio de investigación se realizó bajo el enfoque mixto, de la misma manera el sintagma fue holístico, el tipo de investigación fue proyectiva, del mismo modo el nivel fue comprensivo y el método fue deductivo, asimismo la población fue de 20 personas colaboradores de la compañía, seleccionando una muestra de 3 personas, trabajadores directos relacionados al tema de investigación, las técnicas que se usaron fueron entrevista y análisis documental, y los instrumentos fueron guía de entrevistas y guía de análisis documental, también los análisis de datos fue la aplicación de análisis vertical y horizontal, además los ratios de liquidez, solvencia, gestión, rentabilidad. Finalmente para la triangulación de datos se desarrolló mediante el software Atlas.ti.8.
 Los resultados señalan que las cuentas por cobrar son deficientes, la compañía necesita reestructurar las políticas y procedimientos de cobranzas, realizar flujo de caja para controlar el efectivo, además la implementación de estrategias financieras para gestionar los cobros de manera eficiente, del mismo modo realizar presupuestos de ventas y cobranzas, de esta manera trabajar en base a objetivos, en conclusión lograr resultados eficientes.

Current challenges in disability evaluation and the need for a goal-oriented approach based on the ICF: a qualitative stakeholder analysis in the context of the Swiss accident insurance

Purpose By using the eligibility determination process of the Swiss accident insurance (Suva) as a case in point, we aimed to examine current challenges and the need for a goal-oriented ICF-based approach in disability evaluation as experienced by different stakeholder groups. Materials and methods Descriptive qualitative design involving semi-structured expert interviews with five main stakeholder groups of the eligibility determination process (i.e., Suva insurance officers, Suva insurance physicians, treating physicians, lawyers and judges). Interviews were thematically analyzed and their results reflected upon in focus groups with selected interview participants. Results Forty-three interviews and three focus groups were conducted. Participants pointed to challenges related to standardization, transparency, objectivity, efficiency and contextual factors. An ICF-based standard documenting claimant-job mismatches and their determinants was deemed promising for ensuring comprehensible and valid eligibility decisions, systematic and uniform reporting and a goal-oriented eligibility determination process. Concerns primarily addressed a potential pseudo-accuracy when using the standard for eligibility decisions. Conclusions Implementing a goal-oriented ICF-based standard may help to approach current challenges in disability evaluation. Our findings support the development of such a standard for Suva’s eligibility determination, but also point at the importance of involving key stakeholders to ensure its applicability and cross-disciplinary acceptance. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Poor standardization and transparency as well as objectivity and efficiency issues represent key challenges in disability evaluation, as experienced by the different stakeholder groups involved in an eligibility determination process. A standardized ICF-based approach focusing on the documentation of claimant-job mismatches and their determinants is promising for improving transparency, validity and comparability of eligibility decisions. With its focus on claimants’ ability to participate at work such an ICF-based standard has the potential to ensure a goal-oriented planning of assessments and interventions in the eligibility determination process. Our study provides specific targets for optimizing eligibility determination in disability evaluation but also for ensuring a customized and effective return to work after sustaining an injury.

P1803Refining the 2015 European guidelines risk assessment tool for pulmonary arterial hypertension in adult congenital heart disease

Abstract Background Current European guidelines advocate a goal-oriented treatment approach in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), based on a comprehensive risk assessment. However, this instrument has been based predominantly on patients with idiopathic PAH and its accuracy has not been well established for PAH associated with congenital heart disease (CHD)–a patient population known to be distinctly different for other PAH aetiologies. Purpose To investigate the discriminatory ability of the guidelines risk assessment tool and explore the benefit of including other cut-offs or variables in PAH-CHD. Methods and results Data from 112 PAH-CHD patients (age 42.1±16 years, 70% Eisenmenger, 38% Down syndrome) seen between 2004 and 2016 at two specialized adult PAH-CHD expert centres were prospectively collected. Patients were classified as “Low”, “Intermediate”, or “High” risk following the strategy proposed by Kylhammar (Eur Heart J, 2017) based on N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), 6-minute walk distance, functional class and imaging parameters and analysed by Kaplan-Meier method, truncated at 5 years. At baseline, 25% (28) of patients were classified as “Low risk”, 69% (77) as “Intermediate risk” and 6% (7) as “High risk”. Although survival was better (P=0.012) for patients with higher proportions of “Low risk” variables, this method did not discriminate well between the three risk groups (Figure 1A, P=0.371). One-year survival estimates corresponded moderately to those proposed by the guidelines, 96.4% in the “Low risk” (vs. >95%), 94.8% in the “Intermediate risk” (vs. 90–95%), and 85.7% in the “High risk” (vs. <90%) baseline cohorts, respectively. Analysis of different cut-off values for NT-proBNP (i.e., “Low”, “Intermediate”, “High” as <500, 500–1440 and >1400 ng/l, respectively) and use of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) measurements (“Low”, “Intermediate”, “High” as <1.6, 2.6–2.7 and >2.7 cm, respectively) as imaging parameter instead of right atrial area improved discrimination between the risk groups (Figure 1B). With these adjustments to the risk assessment tool, survival differed between all three risk groups (P<0.001). Figure 1 Conclusion Our preliminary findings suggest that an updated version of the European guidelines risk assessment tool–with different cut-off values for NT-proBNP and use of TAPSE–discriminates more accurately in the PAH-CHD population. Further analysis will be performed to estimate the prognostic benefit of reaching a “Low risk” profile, as this is the recommended treatment goal.

Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance approach in adults with neurological conditions: A scoping review.

Background: The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach, top-down, client-centered and goal-oriented approach originally developed for children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in 2001 and since used in other populations and settings. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the extent (number) and nature (features and characteristics) of the literature on CO-OP in adult’s populations. Methods: In this scoping review, 8 online databases were searched up to April 2018 to identify articles that addressed CO-OP in adult’s populations. The articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two raters reviewed all documents independently. Articles were categorized according to diagnosis. Results: Fifteen studies were identified. To examine application and effectiveness of CO-OP in adult’s populations we included individuals with chronic stroke (>6 months post-stroke; n=7), with TBI (n=3), with acute stroke (<6 months post-stroke; n=4) and the older adult populations comprised those with self-reported cognitive difficulties but no diagnosis of dementia, depression, or cognitive impairment (n=1). In all cases, CO-OP showed to be useful and efficient. Conclusion: CO-OP has been applied in TBI, stroke and age-related executive changes appropriately. The results have shown that CO-OP efficiently improved performance and satisfaction in trained and not trained client chosen goals.

Training &amp; Development at JSPL.Orissa

Training today also plays a key role in the performance management process. This is the integrated process employers use to make sure employees are working toward organizational goals. It means taking an integrated, goal-oriented approach to assigning, training, assessing, and rewarding employees’ performance. Taking a performance management approach to training means that the training effort must make sense in terms of what the company wants each employee to contribute to achieving the company’s goals. , the evaluation attempted to structure the centrality of controlling and improvement tries to resuscitate the workers' standard and execution.

Creating and Evaluating a General Psychology Custom Textbook: A Goal-Oriented Approach

This paper describes a model for the articulation and assessment of goals in the development and use of a general psychology custom textbook. A description of custom textbooks is presented, and the specific textbook that our Psychology Department has developed is discussed. Two studies present data on student and faculty perceptions of the effectiveness of the textbook. Study 1 involved faculty members who used the custom textbook, and Study 2 included students who were enrolled in General Psychology. For both studies, perceived benefits and drawbacks of the custom textbook were surveyed, as well as the helpfulness of its various components. Results revealed higher satisfaction with the custom textbook as compared to a traditional text, as well as consistency between faculty and students in the perceived helpfulness of different components of the text. Results also indicated that the original goals of the project were met. The benefits and drawbacks of using a custom text and the importance of having clear goals before beginning a customization project were discussed.

Regulating health and safety at the workplace: Prescriptive approach vs goal-oriented approach

Securing a healthy and safe workplace is the major objective of modern occupational health and safety (OHS) law. In both China and the EU, OHS is seen as an important area to be regulated by law. The objective of this research is to obtain a better view of, and insight into, the approaches adopted by the jurisdictions being researched by means of a comparative and critical analysis of the similarities and differences between the approaches concerned aiming at the protection of health and safety of workers in the workplace. The main research question is: Does China have a prescriptive, and the European Union (EU) a goal-oriented, approach in OHS law? In order to answer this question, this research takes a four-phase comparative law approach. After comparison, it is found that the EU system as well as the Chinese system are characterised by a mixture of general norms and obligations and a body of more detailed prescriptive rules, although the extent of the norms, obligations and rules in each system differs. Furthermore, it is arguable that for legislation to be effective, it is important to elaborate the general principles and the general obligations as precisely as possible, otherwise the principles will remain merely principles and general obligations will remain solely general obligations and may ultimately not become effective.

Sustainability Policies for the Fashion Industry: A Comparative Study of Asian and European Brands

Sustainability has become an increasingly important value in the business of the global fashion industry. All leading brands have been taking initiatives in promoting notions of environmental and social sustainability. This article discusses the similarities and differences in sustainability-related approaches, activities and collaborations of selected fashion brands. It does so as part of a comparative study of typical Asian and European brands. The European brands analysed here tend to take a holistic, structured and goal-oriented approach towards marketing their links to environmental sustainability. In contrast, the article proposes that a typical Asian brand approach seems to be more fundamental in terms of social sustainability. This is the larger context that the global fashion industry continues, embracing the concept of sustainability in terms of how businesses should not just be concerned with profits but also with commitments to society and the environment.

A gender issue? - How touch-based interactions with dynamic spatial objects support performance and motivation of secondary school students

Mobile devices are seen to incorporate characteristics which can support learning and problem solving in general and specific abilities, such as spatial ones (e.g. mental rotation). Central relevant characteristics of these devices are the availability of multiple representations (e.g. dynamic and static) and the direct interaction via touch, pointing and tracing with displayed information. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of direct interactive, dynamic interactions with spatial tasks on mobile devices as compared to purely static, non-interactive versions of the same tasks. We expected that dynamic, interactive tasks support mental processes while solving spatial tasks would be especially helpful for learners with difficulties in mental rotation and low expectancies regarding their spatial abilities. Therefore, the second focus of the study was to examine whether the expected beneficial effects of dynamic interactions were equally beneficial for both genders. This was motivated by previous studies that revealed gender differences in performance and motivational beliefs regarding spatial tasks to the disadvantage of females. We used a mixed within-between subject design with presentation format (static vs. dynamic) and gender (female vs. male) as factors and success rate, mental effort, intrinsic motivation, and frustration as dependent variables. The study was conducted in four classes (7th grade, N = 46) in two secondary schools. To test gender related pre-assumptions, spatial abilities and motivation were assessed before solving the actual rotation tasks. A MANOVA with single-comparison follow-up tests revealed increased success rates and decreased mental effort for both genders in the dynamic condition, whereas beneficial effects for intrinsic motivation and frustration were restricted to female students. Process data for rotation behavior was registered for dynamic tasks: an analysis hinted at more exploratory ways of solving spatial tasks for females and at more goal-oriented approaches for male students.

Towards sustainable family care: using goals to reframe the user-centred design of technologies to support carers

Technology has been identified as an important strategy in making caring sustainable. This article takes the design process for carer support technology as a lens on the divergent definitions that are in play when governments, technology developers and carers contemplate ‘sustainability’. We argue that a central impediment to finding a productive point of overlap among the three perspectives is a predominant focus on carers’ needs. We contrast this needs-based approach, and its focus on doing the tasks of care, with a goal-oriented approach focused on being in relationships. Reframing the conversation around goals is important to achieving truly sustainable caring.

Exploring job crafting: Diagnosing and responding to the ways employees adjust their jobs

Recent research has developed an in-depth understanding of how workers change their jobs on their own to improve their performance and well-being, a process called job crafting. This research suggests that managers, coworkers, and organizations need a better understanding of how to manage job crafting to capitalize on its benefits and reduce costs. This article will help organizations diagnose the occurrence of job crafting, recognize the differences between goal-oriented approaches to job crafting as opposed to withdrawal-oriented avoidance job crafting, and identify the seven specific types of job crafting: work role expansion, social expansion, work role reduction, work organization, adoption, metacognition, and withdrawal. We conclude with recommendations for managers, coworkers, and organizations on how to diagnose and manage job crafting.

Schema Therapy for psychosomatic disorders

Schema Therapy for psychosomatic disorders Abstract. Schema Therapy (ST) was developed as an advancement of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) to form a comprehensive psychotherapeutic concept for patients with profound and chronic mental disorders. In this integrative psychotherapeutic treatment, cognitive, emotional, and behavioural interventions as well as the work with the therapeutic relationship are connected to establish a goal-oriented, flexible and transparent approach. The efficacy of schema therapy is particularly emphasised by studies investigating the treatment of different personality disorders. Moreover, pilot studies exist for different axis-I disorders, such as eating disorders or obsessive-compulsive disorders. Furthermore, schema therapy seems promising for patients with chronic psychosomatic symptoms. With this approach, symptoms, behavioural patterns, and central biographic events underlying the complex set of conditions, may be approached with the aid of the schema mode model, which can be conceptualised and processed in a way that is easily accessible for the patient.

A goal-oriented and self-adaptive mesh refinement approach for the even parity neutron transport equation

This survey focuses on a goal-oriented approach for the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) of even parity neutron transport equation on the unstructured triangular or quadrilateral grids. Two a posteriori error estimates are compared for conducting the refinement process. User specified quantity of interest is set as the source in the adjoint equation to obtain a map of importance for steering the AMR procedure toward the desired computational target. Both forward and adjoint even parity equations are solved and the discontinuity of the flux gradient across the border of an element is used for the evaluation of element's error. The self-adaptivity is provided through a fully automated cycle in which the h-refinement is performed until the error in the quantity of interest drops below a user prescribed threshold. Several numerical test cases are investigated to assess the performance of the proposed approach in both fixed source and eigenvalue search problems against uniform mesh refinement.

GoalD: A Goal-Driven deployment framework for dynamic and heterogeneous computing environments

Emerging paradigms like Internet of Things and Smart Cities utilize advanced sensing and communication infrastructures, where heterogeneity is an inherited feature. Applications targeting such environments require adaptability and context-sensitivity to uncertain availability and failures in resources and their ad-hoc networks. Such heterogeneity is often hard to predict, making the deployment process a challenging task. This paper proposes GoalD as a goal-driven framework to support autonomous deployment of heterogeneous computational resources to fulfill requirements, seen as goals, and their correlated components on one hand, and the variability space of the hosting computing and sensing environment on the other hand. GoalD comprises an offline and an online stage to fulfill autonomous deployment by leveraging the use of goals. Deployment configuration strategies arise from the variability structure of the Contextual Goal Model as an underlying structure to guide autonomous planning by selecting available as well as suitable resources at runtime. We evaluate GoalD on an existing exemplar from the self-adaptive systems community – the Tele Assistance Service provided by Weyns and Calinescu [1]. Furthermore, we evaluate the scalability of GoalD on a repository consisting of 430,500 artifacts. The evaluation results demonstrate the usefulness and scalability of GoalD in planning the deployment of a system with thousands of components in a few milliseconds. GoalD is a framework to systematically tackle autonomous deployment in highly heterogeneous computing environments, partially unknown at design-time following a goal-oriented approach to achieve the user goals in a target environment. GoalD has demonstrated itself able to scale for deployment planning dealing with thousands of components in a few milliseconds.

Your Goals, My Goals, Our Goals: The Complexity of Coconstructing Goals with Learners in Medical Education

Phenomenon: Despite a long-standing recognition of the importance of learning goals in feedback, there has been relatively little research on how to address mismatches between learner goals and preceptor goals in medical education. Our study addresses this gap by reporting on challenges and strategies around goal coconstruction as identified by clinical educators who were learning and attempting to implement a goal-oriented feedback approach in their own teaching contexts. Approach: We employed a qualitative, design-based research methodology to study how 5 clinician educators incorporated goal-oriented feedback into their teaching practice. Participants attended workshops on goal-oriented feedback and reflective writing. They then narratively reflected over a 6-month period on their attempts with goal-oriented feedback and shared these reflections in periodic facilitated group discussions. Themes were developed using iterative thematic analysis of group discussions and individual exit interviews. Findings: Participants identified several benefits of goal setting in all environments. They perceived improved rapport with learners and developed empathy for the vastness of learner goals. However, they experienced several struggles especially when learner and preceptor goals did not match. These included (a) how to address learner goals that were not easily amenable to a coconstruction, (b) how to coconstruct goals while actively running a clinical practice, and (c) how to remain learner centered while raising preceptor goals based on perceived gaps. Insights: Mismatches between learner and preceptor goals are inevitable and frequent. Preceptors must find ways to coconstruct goals with learners in various learning environments. That said, in enacting goal-oriented feedback, preceptors are effectively using feedback throughout the teaching and learning interaction to coconstruct the learning environment, resulting in improved rapport with learners and emphasizing why it is important to focus feedback around goals.