Urban Sustainable Development Goal Research Articles

On-street Parking Management in Megacity: Case Study of Central Area of Ho Chi Minh City

One of the problems of urban transport is parking planning. The population of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) reached 8.6 million units in 2017, and about 80% of the total population owned motor vehicles with 7.6 million vehicles. The high rate of mechanization causes a large load on the existing transport infrastructure, negatively affecting the quality of life of residents and preventing the City government from achieving the goals of sustainable urban development. Transport management is a complex operation, including on-road parking systems. Ben Nghe Ward of District 1, located in the central area of Ho Chi Minh City, has become one of the pilot areas to deploy a new parking plan from 2018. After a year of pilot implementation, the effectiveness has not yet achieved the expected effect. Therefore, this study is proposed to evaluate new possibilities to maximize the effectiveness of future road management. Within the scope of this research paper, the topic of the research and the issues are raised as well as clarifying the scope of the research. Moreover, the research objectives and questions are made to begin research correctly. In addition, necessary research methods and data collection methods are also identified for successful research.

Urban Land Grabs in Africa?

Africa is rapidly urbanising. New dynamics of investments and mobilities ensue the expansive urbanisation, generating transformative effects on the continents urban land and built environment. The transformative effects are also on the future prospects for sustainable living conditions for African urban dwellers. This special issue of Built Environment has collected articles that carefully observe these effects, in order to explore whether these are indeed leading to ‘urban land grabs’, which take place in new forms of commodification and speculation of land and properties. We recognise that the trend of commodification and speculation is likely to intensify, as the new modernisation agenda is being propagated in the name of pursuing urban sustainability and resilience, corresponding to the New Urban Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals. At the same time, inclusive urban development is also debated in these international agendas, as ordinary citizens increasingly confront livelihood and land use changes, spatial alteration and social segregation, or physical displacement. In this context, we know little about how African urban dwellers’ experiences could be understood and used to envision genuinely sustainable and inclusive urban development. In this editorial, we give an overview of various emerging urban land investments and how they are experienced by urban dwellers. As shown in all the articles of this special issue, we argue that the far reaching impact of increased investments and mobilities leading to commodification and land speculation as well as the urban dwellers’ agency to navigate the impact deserve more attention in discussions on sustainable and inclusive urban development in Africa.

城市食物-能源-水关联关系:概念框架与研究展望

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 城市食物-能源-水关联关系:概念框架与研究展望 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201809081926 作者: 作者单位: 北京师范大学环境学院,北京师范大学环境学院,北京师范大学环境学院,北京师范大学环境学院,北京师范大学环境学院,北京师范大学环境学院,密歇根大学自然资源与环境学院,安娜堡,密歇根州 -,美国 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金国际（地区）合作与交流项目（51661125010）；国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0505703）；环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室项目（17L02ESPC） Urban food-energy-water (FEW) nexus: conceptual frameworks and prospects Author: Affiliation: Beijing Normal University,Beijing Normal University,,,,, Fund Project: This work was supported by the Funds for International Cooperation and Exchanges of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51661125010), National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2017YFC0505703), and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (17L02ESPC) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:食物、能源和水（Food，Energy and Water，FEW）是人类生存与发展不可或缺的基础性资源，且三者之间存在密切的关联关系（Nexus），即其中任何一项资源的生产与供给均依赖于另外两项资源。FEW关联关系作为应对全球人口增长、资源短缺和生态环境恶化等问题的系统性管理理念，已引起国际学术界与实践管理领域的广泛关注。然而，目前对FEW关联关系仍然缺乏统一和清晰的界定，现有研究大多是基于不同角度理解与量化"关联关系"。城市作为全球资源消费的主阵地，其FEW关联关系更为复杂，亟待建立针对城市生态系统的概念框架。对FEW关联关系的发展历程、概念表述以及研究方法等方面进行全面回顾和系统分析。在此基础上，从"资源依存"、"资源供给"和"系统集成"等3个视角构建了城市FEW关联关系的概念框架，并进一步阐述FEW关联关系未来研究的重点方向——"系统性表征"、"时空演化"与"协同管理"，为城市优化资源配置，实现集成管理提供一种新思路和定量化的参考依据。 Abstract:Food, energy, and water (FEW) are three kinds of essential and indispensable resources to human beings. Moreover, they are interlinked with one another, and changing the components of one system may lead to ripple effects (desired or undesired) on the other two systems. Currently, the FEW nexus is increasingly concerned by scholars and policy makers. The FEW nexus is a key concept to address the issues of population boom, resource scarcity, and environmental degradation. However, there still lacks consistent and explicit cognitions of the FEW nexus. Most of existing studies focus on the characterization and quantification of the FEW nexus from multiple perspectives. Little attention is paid to the universal experience in synergy management, especially for urban systems. Cities are critical carriers of the population and economic activities and are also important contributors to the FEW consumption. They are essential for the sustainable development and are thus inextricable parts of the FEW nexus. However, urban FEW nexus has been rarely concerned by existing studies. This study presented a comprehensive review to track the progress of the FEW nexus. We also proposed a three-dimensional conceptual framework of the urban FEW nexus to achieve urban sustainable development goals, including resource interdependency, resource provision, and system integration. Finally, we discussed future directions of urban FEW nexus studies. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

The Historic Urban Landscape approach to urban management: a systematic review

ABSTRACTIn 2011, UNESCO adopted the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) recommendation and called for the application of a landscape approach to ensure the integration of cultural heritage policies and management concerns in the wider goals of sustainable urban development. This paper tracks the genesis of a landscape approach to heritage conservation, and then presents a systematic review of the literature on the HUL. More than 100 publications from 2010 to early 2018 were analysed. The applied methodology combined an inductive categorization method with a deductive data mining method. The objective is to determine whether the academic discussion is addressing the different dimensions of the HUL approach, including the holistic, integrated, and value-based dimensions, and whether it is progressing through time to move from a conceptual to an operational level. Results show that while the discussion is heavily focused on values, the operationalization of a value-based approach is still lacking, as it is not fully contextualized in relation to local heritage discourses and the dynamics of heritage governance. Results also show that many case studies applications are in ‘non-Western’ cities, thus opening the debate about the accountability of a value-based approach in contexts that tend to be dominated by groups with the most political power, and where conservation practices mainly focus on the mobilization of material heritage to foster its economic value. Nevertheless, the transition from international guidelines to contextualized local endeavours and policies remains a challenge to be solved.

Revisiting Rural–Urban Transformations and Small Town Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

After decades of academic and policy scepticism on the role of urbanisation in economic, social and cultural change, the issue is attracting renewed academic focus and political attention. Such interest was also evident during the 1990s, and in this paper the authors revisit the debate with specific attention to Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper discusses the continuing challenges on classifications, and suggests that small towns should be considered on the basis of their functions and in the context of rural–urban transformations. Turning to the current debates, it is highlighted how small town development has attracted renewed interest not only in development economics, but also research into the rush for land, mining, conflict and climate change. These trends are fleshed out in a focussed presentation of the six papers on small town development in Sub-Saharan Africa that make up this special issue of the European Journal of Development Research. Based on the arguments and findings of the papers, it is recommended that small towns are best seen as organic parts of the rural region where they are located, albeit not necessarily as ‘outcomes’ of rural economic development. Accordingly, the renewed interest in urbanisation, formalised in the New Urban Agenda and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, needs to address rural–urban synergies as integral to urbanisation dynamics.

Geospatial modelling of urban growth for sustainable development in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria

ABSTRACTUrban land expansion usually alters land-cover status, which may indirectly affect the physical environment. Understanding the extent of its effects is usually estimated using geospatial techniques. In this study, urban landscape’s changes between 1985 and 2015 were analysed through some selected spatial metrics in Niger Delta, Nigeria. In addition, we incorporated sustainable urban development goals in projecting the future urban expansion to observe their impact in this rapidly urbanizing region with a total area of 109,281.30 km2. A Cellular Automata/Markov Chain (CA-Markov) model was used to project the year 2030 land cover of the region using two scenarios: by considering existing settlements as the only constraints and by combining them with some selected United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) constraints (forest reserves, population, and economy). Comparing the two scenarios, the projected land-cover changes under the first scenario resulted in net loss and gains of −7.37%, 11.84%, and 50.88%, while the second scenario produced net loss and gains of −4.72%, 7.43%, and 48.37% in forest, farmland, and built-up area between 2015 and 2030, respectively. The difference between the two scenarios showed that strict adherence to the UN SDGs will reduce tropical deforestation in Niger Delta or similar region.

Transformative innovation in peri-urban Asia

This paper draws on two case studies from India and China to discuss how and why rapidly urbanizing contexts are particularly challenging for transformative innovation but are also critical sustainability frontiers and learning environments. We argue that lack of understanding and policy engagement with peri-urbanization in its current form is leading to increasing exclusion and unrealized potential to support multiple sustainable urban development goals. Peri-urbanization is often characterized by the neoliberal reordering of space and a co-option of environmental agendas by powerful urban elites. Changing land-use, resource extraction, pollution and livelihood transitions drive rapid changes in interactions between socio-technical and social-ecological systems, and produce complex feedbacks across the rural–urban continuum. These contexts also present characteristic governance challenges as a result of jurisdictional ambiguity, transitioning formal and informal institutional arrangements, heterogeneous and sometimes transient communities, shifts in decision making to distant authorities and the rapid growth of informal market-based arrangements with little incentive for environmental management. These unique features of peri-urbanization may reinforce a lack of inclusion and hinder experimentation, but they can also present valuable opportunities for transformative innovation. This innovation is unlikely to follow the lines of niche management and upscaling but rather should take advantage of peri-urban dynamics. There are possibilities to build new alliances in order to renegotiate governance structures across the rural–urban continuum, to reframe urban sustainability debates and to reconfigure socio-technical and social-ecological systems interactions.

Bayesian geostatistical modelling of PM10 and PM2.5 surface level concentrations in Europe using high-resolution satellite-derived products

Air quality monitoring across Europe is mainly based on in situ ground stations, which are too sparse to accurately assess the exposure effects of air pollution for the entire continent. The demand for precise predictive models that estimate gridded geophysical parameters of ambient air at high spatial resolution has rapidly grown. Here, we investigate the potential of satellite-derived products to improve particulate matter (PM) estimates. Bayesian geostatistical models addressing confounding between the spatial distribution of pollutants and remotely sensed predictors were developed to estimate yearly averages of both, fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) surface PM concentrations, at 1 km2 spatial resolution over 46 European countries. Model outcomes were compared to geostatistical, geographically weighted and land-use regression formulations. Rigorous model selection identified the Earth observation data which contribute most to pollutants' estimation. Geostatistical models outperformed the predictive ability of the frequently employed land-use regression. The resulting estimates of PM10 and PM2.5, which represent the main air quality indicators for the urban Sustainable Development Goal, indicate that in 2016, 66.2% of the European population was breathing air above the WHO air quality guidelines thresholds. Our estimates are readily available to policy makers and scientists assessing the effects of long-term exposure to pollution on human and ecosystem health.

Bright lights, big city: Causal effects of population and GDP on urban brightness.

Cities are arguably both the cause, and answer, to societies’ current sustainability issues. Urbanization is the interplay between a city’s physical growth and its socio-economic development, both of which consume a substantial amount of energy and resources. Knowledge of the underlying driver(s) of urban expansion facilitates not only academic research but, more importantly, bridges the gap between science, policy drafting, and practical urban management. An increasing number of researchers are recognizing the benefits of innovative remotely sensed datasets, such as nighttime lights data (NTL), as a proxy to map urbanization and subsequently examine the driving socio-economic variables in cities. We further these approaches, by taking a trans-pacific view, and examine how an array of socio-economic ind0icators of 25 culturally and economically important urban hubs relate to long term patterns in NTL for the past 21 years. We undertake a classic econometric approach—panel causality tests which allow analysis of the causal relationships between NTL and socio-economic development across the region. The panel causality test results show a contrasting effect of population and gross domestic product (GDP) on NTL in fast, and slowly, changing cities. Information derived from this study quantitatively chronicles urban activities in the pan-Pacific region and potentially offers data for studies that spatially track local progress of sustainable urban development goals.

Objectives and Indexes for Implementation of Sponge Cities—A Case Study of Changzhou City, China

This paper presents a framework of objectives and indexes for sponge cities implementation in China. The proposed objectives and indexes aims to reflect whether the city is in accord with the sponge city. Different cities have different objectives and indexes as each city has its own geologic and hydrogeological conditions. Therefore, the main problems (e.g., water security and flood risks) in the central urban area of Changzhou city, China were evaluated scientifically. According to the local conditions, four objectives and eleven indexes have been made as a standard to estimate the sponge city and set a goal for the city development to reach the goal of sustainable urban development. The strategy of process control was implemented to improve the standard of urban drainage and flood control facilities, regulate total runoff and reduce storm peak flow, and the ecological monitoring of the function of the rivers and lakes. The objectives of sponge cities include water security, water quality improvement, healthy water ecosystems, and water utilization efficiency. Urban flood prevention capacity, river and lake water quality compliance, and annual runoff control are the key objectives to encourage the use of non-conventional water resources.

Sustainable Development Goals and Smart Settlements; Linkages

City infrastructure is a system of connected utilities, basic facilities, and services, from the smallest units of the community (houses) to the significant city structures and buildings to render services such as electricity, water supply, sewage and communications. The concept of smart infrastructure is derived from the idea of smart city which is described as a comprehensive system with different elements such as people, governance, environment, economy, mobility and living conditions at a given geographical space with efficient ICT that promote smart sustainable environment. In some counties, infrastructure is related to basic services while in Egypt infrastructure is constructed facilities. Egypt faces ever-increasing challenges related to UN sponsored sustainable urban development goals. Traditional planning approaches proved to be ineffective in facing these challenges. Sustainable development goals are focusing on providing communities with its basic, sufficient needs and rights. This paper focuses on identification of smart cities definition and characteristics, as well as smart infrastructure concept that leads to the paper findings which suggests a smart network of interrelated linkages between the basic facilities and services that provides an adequate environment for human living in accordance with the smart concept as applied in urban design principle and practices achieving sustainable development.

Sustainable Strategies for Transportation Development in Emerging Cities in China: A Simulation Approach

With the rapid development of emerging cities in China, policy makers are faced with the challenges involved in devising strategies for providing transportation systems to keep pace with development. These challenges are associated with the interactive effects among a number of sophisticated factors involved in transportation systems. This paper presents a system dynamics simulation approach to analyze and select transportation development strategies in order to achieve good sustainability performance once they are implemented. The simulation approach consists of three modules: a socio-economic module, a demand module, and a supply module. The approach is validated through applying empirical data collected from the Shenzhen statistical bulletins. Three types of transport development strategies are selected for the city and examined for their applicability and effects through simulation. The strategies are helpful for reducing decision-making mistakes and achieving the goal of sustainable urban development in most emerging cities.

Smart and sustainable? Five tensions in the visions and practices of the smart-sustainable city in Europe and North America

Smart cities are increasingly advocated by governments and the private sector as the primary means to deliver urban sustainability. Particularly in Europe and North America, the smart city is envisioned as a place where digital technologies are deployed to ‘solve’ urban sustainability problems. Such visions have been broadly critiqued in the urban studies literature for reflecting techno-utopian, neoliberal approaches to urban development that exert corporate control over cities, but there has been little empirical verification of these critiques. More recently, a disparate and interdisciplinary body of literature has emerged documenting the impacts of smart city initiatives in practice. This paper provides a state-of-the-art, empirically informed analysis of smart-sustainability, which considers established critiques of smart city policy and visions alongside the increasing body of evidence concerning the actual experiences of smart city initiatives. Through a systematic review of the smart city literature pertaining to Europe and North America, we identify and test five tensions between the smart city and the goals of sustainable urban development. These tensions involve: (1) reinforcing neoliberal economic growth; (2) focusing on more affluent populations; (3) disempowering and marginalising citizens; (4) neglecting environmental protection; and, (5) failing to challenge prevailing consumerist cultures. On the basis of these findings we propose how digital technologists, urban developers, municipalities and citizens might address these tensions. A key finding is that the potential to empower and include citizens represents the key to unlocking forms of smart-sustainable urban development that emphasise environmental protection and social equity, rather than merely reinforcing neoliberal forms of urban development.

Spatial Analysis of Worn-Out Urban Texture in Zanjan City with Emphasis on Livability Approach

Achieving life viability is considered as one of the strategic goals of sustainable urban development that human beings have been constantly seeking for its quantitative and qualitative promotion during their lifetime. Therefore, it can be said that viability is both a goal and a means of sustainable development. In this regard, the aim of the present paper is to evaluate and measure the viability indicators at the level of the worn- out texture of Zanjan city. To this end, descriptive-analytical method and field survey have been used. Samples were selected using simple random and for the purpose of the study ,the sample size was 38. To analyze the collected data using SPSS software, one-sample T-test and independence spatial analysis (autocorrelation) (Moran analysis) were used. The findings show that the livability status in time-out texture of Zanjan city in terms of statistical population is desirable and acceptable. According to the results, the social index with the score (t = 29.655) has obtained the highest score. Moran analysis also suggests that the lack of livability concentration index unbalanced. the biomagulability index is not balanced. Translation error. In this regard, it can be said that the Debaghlar area with a coefficient of (Z score =1.578629) has the highest rank. After that, the Yeri Balla with a coefficient of (Z score= 1.41092) and Haghverdi with a coefficient of (Z score= 1.301319) are placed in the next ranks.

Local responses to global sustainability agendas: learning from experimenting with the urban sustainable development goal in Cape Town

The success of the Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) depends on the availability and accessibility of robust data, as well as the reconfiguration of governance systems that can catalyse urban transformation. Given the uneven success of the Millennium Development Goals, and the unprecedented inclusion of the urban in the SDG process, the feasibility of SDG 11 was assessed in advance of its ratification through a series of urban experiments. This paper focusses on Cape Town’s participation in piloting SDG 11, in order to explore the role of urban experimentation in highlighting the partnership arrangements necessary to allow cities to meet the data and governance challenges presented by the SDG 11. Specifically, we focus on the relationship between data and governance that lie at the heart of the SDG 11. The urban experiment demonstrates the highly complex and multi-level governance dynamics that shape the way urban experiments are initiated, executed and concluded. The implications of these dependencies illustrate that more attention needs to be paid at the global level to what data are important and how and where the data are generated if SDG 11 is to be met. Overall, this paper makes the case that the success of SDG 11 rests on effecting local level change and enabling real opportunities in cities.

The urban sustainable development goal: Indicators, complexity and the politics of measuring cities

As part of the post-2015 United Nations sustainable development agenda, the world has its first urban sustainable development goal (USDG) “to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”. This paper provides an overview of the USDG and explores some of the difficulties around using this goal as a tool for improving cities. We argue that challenges emerge around selecting the indicators in the first place and also around the practical use of these indicators once selected. Three main practical problems of indicator use include 1) the poor availability of standardized, open and comparable data 2) the lack of strong data collection institutions at the city scale to support monitoring for the USDG and 3) “localization” - the uptake and context specific application of the goal by diverse actors in widely different cities. Adding to the complexity, the USDG conversation is taking place at the same time as the proliferation of a bewildering array of indicator systems at different scales. Prompted by technological change, debates on the “data revolution” and “smart city” also have direct bearing on the USDG. We argue that despite these many complexities and challenges, the USDG framework has the potential to encourage and guide needed reforms in our cities but only if anchored in local institutions and initiatives informed by open, inclusive and contextually sensitive data collection and monitoring.

Urban Big Data and Sustainable Development Goals: Challenges and Opportunities

Cities are perhaps one of the most challenging and yet enabling arenas for sustainable development goals. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasize the need to monitor each goal through objective targets and indicators based on common denominators in the ability of countries to collect and maintain relevant standardized data. While this approach is aimed at harmonizing the SDGs at the national level, it presents unique challenges and opportunities for the development of innovative urban-level metrics through big data innovations. In this article, we make the case for advancing more innovative targets and indicators relevant to the SDGs through the emergence of urban big data. We believe that urban policy-makers are faced with unique opportunities to develop, experiment, and advance big data practices relevant to sustainable development. This can be achieved by situating the application of big data innovations through developing mayoral institutions for the governance of urban big data, advancing the culture and common skill sets for applying urban big data, and investing in specialized research and education programs.

SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT THROUGH URBAN CONSOLIDATION POLICY IN SHIRAZ, IRAN

In the past few decades, cities from various parts of the world have faced with unplanned and uncontrolled physical expansion due to inappropriate policies. Among different solutions against urban sprawl, the dominant sustainable cure is the so-called 'Urban Consolidation' (UC). This paper aims to explore urban sprawl characteristics and present its cause and effect on the sustainability criteria of Shiraz city, Iran. It is confined to an exploration of population growth and physical expansion of the city. The data has been collected from governmental organizations and documents. This paper examines UC policy implementation in the inner city of Shiraz to control low-density urban sprawl. As the result, this paper discovers that the policy emphasizes on the higher density housing development in existing urban areas considering the capacity of infrastructures and facilities’ availability prior to calculate housing targets to decrease the demand for Greenfield development. It concludes with a brief discussion on the challenges to achieve sustainable urban development goals in the city through UC strategies.

SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT THROUGH URBAN CONSOLIDATION POLICY IN SHIRAZ, IRAN

In the past few decades, cities from various parts of the world have faced with unplanned and uncontrolled physical expansion due to inappropriate policies. Among different solutions against urban sprawl, the dominant sustainable cure is the so-called 'Urban Consolidation' (UC). This paper aims to explore urban sprawl characteristics and present its cause and effect on the sustainability criteria of Shiraz city, Iran. It is confined to an exploration of population growth and physical expansion of the city. The data has been collected from governmental organizations and documents. This paper examines UC policy implementation in the inner city of Shiraz to control low-density urban sprawl. As the result, this paper discovers that the policy emphasizes on the higher density housing development in existing urban areas considering the capacity of infrastructures and facilities’ availability prior to calculate housing targets to decrease the demand for Greenfield development. It concludes with a brief discussion on the challenges to achieve sustainable urban development goals in the city through UC strategies.

Locating planning in the New Urban Agenda of the urban sustainable development goal

Locating planning in the New Urban Agenda of the urban sustainable development goal