Safety Goals Research Articles

Dose measurements with the Pille-ISS thermoluminescent dosimeter system during extravehicular activities (2004-2022).

One of the most problematic goals for radiation safety during spaceflight is an assessment of additional doses received by astronauts during extravehicular activity (EVA). The Pille-ISS thermoluminescent dosimeter developed by the predecessor of the Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN) Centre for Energy Research (Budapest, Hungary) is designed for the routine dose measurements not only inside the spacecraft compartments, but also for personal dosimetric control for EVA. During almost two decades of the International Space Station (ISS) operation, the unique set of 131 EVA doses were recorded in different conditions, such as: solar activity, ISS trajectory along the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), and shielding conditions provided by two kinds of spacesuits: the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) and Orlan. The EVA dose rates during the normal scenario (without SAA crossing during EVA) are: 26 μGy/h on average, with maximum value of 118 μGy/h for the EMU spacesuit; and 103 μGy/h on average, with maximum value of 255 μGy/h for the Orlan spacesuit. However, the corresponding EVA dose can increase by about 33% on average regardless the spacesuit type, depending on time spent in SAA. The worst case mean EVA dose is equivalent to ∼ 7 days inside the ISS with 2.423 mGy. In general, the possible additional radiation risk due to the EVA is small in comparison with typical half-year mission onboard the ISS. The long-term experience of EVA dose assessments with Pille-ISS dosimeter shows that in some cases the skin dose can be underestimated due to the excessive shielding of the standard Pille-ISS dosimeter. To solve this problem, the modified Pille-ISS dosimeters with significantly reduced shielding are developed and involved onboard the ISS for the dose measurements starting from 2023.

The challenge of managing and retaining risks: How a paradox perspective reduces harm, realizes opportunities and enriches performance

AbstractManagers in many kinds of organizations encounter risks in their daily work. A key challenge involves finding ways to manage risks and prevent harm to individuals or organizations, while retaining risks to realize opportunities. These pressures create a tension between risk management and risk retention that prevails in many sectors and is especially consequential in organizations where failures to address it may be fatal. I use inductive analysis to explore qualitative data from 72 television production company managers whose work has potential for trauma, injury and death as well as success. I find the tension between risk management and risk retention can be understood in relation to perceptions and goals. I contribute to theorizing about organizational paradox by showing how perceptions of the tension differ at the individual level. Some managers perceive the tension as a trade‐off, focus on risk management and emphasize safety goals. Other managers perceive the tension as a paradox and emphasize wider performance goals that encompass safety and risk. These managers use their agency to foster empowerment and creativity. Doing so enhances to both risk management and risk retention, creating a dynamic equilibrium that reduces harm, realizes opportunities and enriches performance.

Development and Validation of Reliability Testing Methods for Insulation Systems in High-Voltage Rotating Electrical Machinery on Ships

Lloyd’s Register became the first classification society to mandate reliability testing for insulation degradation in rotating electrical machinery. As the maritime industry shifts toward eco-friendly practices, high-voltage rotating electrical machinery on ships increasingly features higher voltages and larger capacities. However, incidents involving insulation systems have also become more frequent. Additionally, testing facilities with the necessary equipment to perform such reliability tests are lacking, and standardized testing methods are yet to be established. This study proposes test items, methods, and evaluation criteria for the reliability testing of high-voltage rotating electrical machinery. The testing methods are broadly categorized into four types: thermal, electrical, multifactor, and thermomechanical degradation reliability testing. The proposed methods were validated by conducting long-term testing over approximately one year. Key results showed a breakdown time of 7056 h in thermal evaluation, 5040 h in electrical evaluation, and 258.5 d in multifactor evaluation, as well as a 63rd percentile value of 245.7 h in thermomechanical evaluation, all of which fulfill the required criteria. The study offers practical guidelines for ensuring the durability and safety of high-voltage electrical machinery, aligning with the sustainability and safety goals of the maritime industry.

Konjac glucomannan/zein active film loaded with tea polyphenol-ferric nanoparticles for strawberry preservation.

With increasing global environmental awareness and concerns about food safety, biodegradable active packaging has garnered widespread attention. In this study, the stability and bioactivity of tea polyphenol (TP) were enhanced through the preparation of TP-ferric nanoparticles (TP-Fe NPs) using metal-polyphenol ion coordination. Moreover, the introduction of Fe ions can further enhance the antibacterial effects of TP-Fe NPs. Using the hydrogen bonding between konjac glucomannan (KGM) and zein to enhance the hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of the film. By employing KGM and zein as the matrix, we incorporated TP-Fe NPs as active fillers to create multifunctional active packaging films. This study aimed to meet the needs of food safety and sustainable development goals. The resulting film exhibited excellent water resistance (water contact angle: 117.73°), mechanical strength (tensile strength: 21.82MPa, elongation at break: 94.30%), ultraviolet-shielding ability (>99%), biodegradability (5days in soil), and antioxidant (>85%) and antibacterial (>99%) properties. Moreover, the film significantly reduced strawberry decay and extended its shelf life by 10days. These findings provide new insights into the application of nanomaterials in active packaging, highlighting their potential and advantages in food preservation.

Effectiveness of Educational Program about Implementing PDCA Process of Quality on Head Nurses Practice regarding Patient Safety Goals

Effectiveness of Educational Program about Implementing PDCA Process of Quality on Head Nurses Practice regarding Patient Safety Goals

Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health at PT Menarini Indria Laboratories Bekasi

PT Menarini Indria Laboratories, a foreign pharmaceutical company in Indonesia, recognizes the importance of occupational safety as a critical step toward operational success. A significant focus on the Quality Control (QC) division and the Quality Control Laboratory, where drug quality testing is conducted, presents potential hazards to employees. Through the implementation of ISO 45001:2018 Standard, the company demonstrates its commitment to occupational safety and health. The results showed an excellent level of ISO 45001:2018 implementation with percentage values above 78% for each step of the PDCA cycle. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) analysis helped identify potential hazards and risks in QC. Some areas, such as the use of heavy equipment, chemical spills, and laboratory operations, showed a level of risk that needed to be managed appropriately. The company has implemented appropriate controls, such as SOPs, ergonomics training, use of assistive devices, and personal protection (PPE). Proactive measures such as the Zero Accident Program and annual external audits are also implemented to achieve safety goals. Nonetheless, the company must continuously monitor and improve its safety management system to ensure a safe, efficient, and compliant working environment. By aligning ISO 45001:2018 implementation and risk mitigation strategies, PT Menarini Indria Laboratories can ensure continued operational success while providing optimal protection for its workforce.

Exploration of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Pharmacovigilance Among HealthCare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: To ensure the safe use of pharmaceuticals and the detection of adverse drug reactions, it is essential to have an understanding of pharmacovigilance. Although India is running the Pharmacovigilance Program of India, still the spontaneous reporting rate is very low. There is a requirement to be aware healthcare professionals about the importance of pharmacovigilance. This study is conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance among healthcare professionals in the Northern region of Uttar Pradesh. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conceptualized by a Google forms-based questionnaire with 16 questions (08 of knowledge, 05 of attitude, and 03 of practice) a suitable means of assessing the essential knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance. The questionnaire was distributed among the healthcare professionals from March 2024 to April 2024. Result: 390 pretested questionnaires were circulated among healthcare professionals, and 332 of them were answered by the respondents i.e., the response rate was 85.12 %. Among all the respondents 63.25 % were males and 36.74 % were females. It was observed in this study that healthcare professionals have limited theoretical knowledge about pharmacovigilance. Despite a positive attitude toward the requirement of reporting adverse drug reactions, healthcare professionals showed less reporting practice. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals lack adequate knowledge and skill in reporting adverse drug reactions but have a positive attitude toward pharmacovigilance programs. Incorporation of adverse drug reaction reporting concepts in education curriculum, training, and voluntary participation of healthcare professionals in adverse drug reaction reporting is very crucial in achieving safety goals and safeguarding public health.

Traffic Safety Footprint in Sustainability Practices and Reporting—Exploring the Views of Companies

Road traffic accidents cause nearly 1.3 million deaths and around 50 million injuries each year globally. Most organisations generate travel and transport, and influence thereby traffic safety. In Sweden, 47 percent of fatal accidents in road traffic are work-related, and 36 percent are linked to a procured transport service. Effective approaches to managing traffic safety in organisations have not yet been established to advance traffic safety implementation, especially through sustainability practices and reporting. This study explores the untapped potential of improving traffic safety by addressing the traffic safety impact of organisations within the context of sustainability. Firstly, this study examines organisations’ views on traffic safety as a sustainability issue, and the status and driving forces in handling traffic safety as an integrated part of sustainability practices and reporting. Secondly, it identifies enablers for advancing traffic safety implementation in organisations with a focus on the sustainability context. The study is based on interviews with 22 organisations (mainly private companies) and analysis of 23 sustainability reports. It is concluded that sustainability is a relevant context for traffic safety for all organisations that consider traffic safety as a significant sustainability issue due to the travel and transport generated, directly or indirectly. However, traffic safety is generally not viewed as a sustainability issue and is rarely included in sustainability reports. Transport companies are more likely to consider traffic safety in the context of sustainability. Enablers concern the necessity to communicate traffic safety as a sustainability issue and to raise awareness of traffic safety as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Communication is needed to raise awareness among private and public organisations on their traffic safety footprint and possibilities to influence traffic safety. Furthermore, legislative directives and standards on sustainability reporting should explicitly include traffic safety. By integrating traffic safety in sustainability practices and reporting, organisations can more clearly draw from and utilise the positive synergies between traffic safety and other sustainability goals. Furthermore, such integration is a way to bring traffic safety issues up to the management level, facilitating leadership for traffic safety.

A Review on Ex-Vessel Melt Retention Measures Adopted in Light Water Reactors

As the cornerstone of severe accident management strategy, either in-vessel or ex-vessel retention of core melt (IVR or EVR) plays a pivotal role in the stabilization and termination of a severe accident and ultimately secures the safety goal of “Practical elimination of large radioactive release” for light water reactors. In contrast to the IVR measures that are more or less identical in reactor designs, the EVR measures are quite different from design to design. This study intended to give a critical review on the EVR measures adopted in the reactor designs of VVER-1000, EPR, ESBWR, EU-APR1400 and APWR. The review study began with a general description of the existing EVR measures, including their principles, operational procedures and research efforts. We then focused our discussions on the pros and cons of each EVR measure through the comparisons with the IVR and with the others in terms of simplicity, reliability and economy. We finally tried to identify the remaining issues and uncertainties in the qualification of the EVR measures, based on which potential design improvements and future research needs were recommended.

Regional Water and Food Security Require Joint Israeli-Palestinian Guidelines for Wastewater Reuse and Food Safety.

Water and food security in Israel and the Palestinian Authority are deeply interconnected due to the region's arid climate and water scarcity, shared water resources, and interrelated agricultural sectors. Therefore, jointly addressing water reuse is vital to supporting sustainable agricultural production and ensuring food safety. This paper examines the food safety implications of the cross-border trade of fresh fruits and vegetables between the Palestinian Authority and Israel, with an emphasis on the influence of, water technologies, agricultural practices, and environmental health. This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing data to assess water irrigation quality, food safety, and water reuse regulations in the Palestinian Authority and Israel. Significant discrepancies in food safety, food quality, and exposure to contaminants from fresh produce result from different water reuse regulations, practices, and socioeconomic conditions. Given the volume of trade, consumer mobility, and environmental sustainability, coupled with geopolitical limitations between the Palestinian Authority and Israel, there is an urgent need for a unified regulatory strategy for wastewater reuse ensuring food safety and security. We propose a single, coordinated approach to overseeing wastewater reuse to enhance public health and address contaminants of emerging concern that are not currently regulated. Navigating the political and legislative complexities in a proactive stance requires both Israeli and Palestinian decision-makers to address the matter conscientiously. Existing data and the precautionary principle are sufficient to propose an interim prohibition on treated wastewater irrigation for leafy vegetables to mitigate pollution risks and act as a catalyst for improving irrigation water quality. Our proposed strategy for a unified water reuse regulation emphasizes the necessary steps for its implementation and addresses potential obstacles. This strategy underscores the importance of responsible wastewater management in advancing common goals of environmental sustainability, food safety, and human health. We propose a coordinated Israeli-Palestinian approach to wastewater reuse to ensure food safety based on shared environmental and health concerns, economic considerations, and the precautionary principle.

Defect Detection Using Thermography Camera Techniques: A review

Individuals across different industries, including but not limited to agriculture, drones, pharmaceuticals and manufacturing, are increasingly using thermal cameras to achieve various safety and security goals. This widespread adoption is made possible by advancements in thermal imaging sensor technology. The current literature provides an in-depth exploration of thermography camera applications for detecting faults in sectors such as fire protection, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive, non-destructive testing and structural material industries. The current discussion builds on previous studies, emphasising the effectiveness of thermography cameras in distinguishing undetectable defects by the human eye. Various methods for defect detection, including temperature analysis and image processing algorithms, are thoroughly presented. The factors contributing to the effectiveness of thermography cameras are explored, along with their advantages over traditional inspection methods. The literature review highlights the diverse applications of thermography cameras in fault detection. The review highlights the remarkable transformation brought by thermal camera technology in mechanical system fault detection, leading to improved maintenance practices. These cameras can detect unseen irregularities, enable non-invasive testing and support hands-on system maintenance, making them indispensable tools for ensuring mechanical systems operate efficiently, reliably and safely. With the continuous advancement of technology, the integration of Industry 4.0 and IoT technologies will further enhance the capabilities of thermal cameras, ensuring elevated performance across different domains. In electrical systems, thermal cameras allow for the early identification of faults, enabling proactive maintenance to mitigate risks. Additionally, by assessing structural integrity, thermal cameras can detect thermal and insulation inefficiencies, leading to improved energy efficiency.

Real-World Application of Evolocumab Among Patients with Hyperlipidemia in Korea: A Multicenter Prospective Study.

Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major residual risk factor among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In the absence of sufficient real-world evidence, this observational (noninterventional) study investigated the effectiveness and safety of evolocumab in patients with hyperlipidemia treated with evolocumab for ACS in a real-world clinical setting in Korea. Between January 2022 and February 2023, patients from 10hospitals in Korea who initiated evolocumab within 24weeks of an ACS event were enrolled. Data collected at visit1 (evolocumab initiation) included patients' characteristics, comorbidities, and lipid-lowering therapies. LDL-C reduction from visit1 (week0) to visit2 (week8) was assessed. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who achieved LDL-C < 1.4mmol/L (55mg/dL) at follow-up; the secondary outcome was the proportion who achieved LDL-C < 1.8mmol/L (70mg/dL) at follow-up. In this study, 89 out of 142 enrolled patients were included in the effectiveness analysis. The mean (SD) age of the included patients was 59.3 (12.3) years, with the majority being male (87.6%). Sixty-one patients received statin-ezetimibe combination therapy (68.5%). The median [Q1, Q3] LDL-C level at the start of the study was 2.5 [2.0, 3.0] mmol/L (98 [77, 115] mg/dL), which decreased to 1.3 [0.7, 1.7] mmol/L (49 [29, 67] mg/dL) after 8weeks of evolocumab treatment, resulting in an mean (SD) 50.9 (28.6) % reduction and 1.4 (1.0) mmol/L (55.1 (37.9) mg/dL) absolute reduction. At follow-up, 55.1% and 78.7% of patients achieved LDL-C goals of < 1.4mmol/L (55mg/dL) and < 1.8mmol/L (70mg/dL), respectively. No adverse or serious adverse drug reactions were reported. Evolocumab treatment was associated with significant LDL-C lowering and favorable safety and guideline-recommended LDL-C goal achievement rates among patients with ACS in the real-world clinical practice setting in South Korea.

Analysis of The Implementation Of Patient Safety Targets In Professional Health Care at 3M Plus Tembilahan Hospital

Patient safety is an important factor for everyone, especially in the health system. The importance of patient safety, considering the magnitude of the problem that exists for patients and health care professionals. The role of professional health care is very important to improve the quality of services provided and improve or ensure patient safety. The importance of patient safety is increasingly prioritized around the world and every day health care professionals face several challenges in providing safe care to patients. This study aims to analyze the application of patient safety goals in health care professionals at 3M Plus Tembilahan Hospital. The type of research is quantitative analysis using a cross sectional study approach. The research sample was carried out using the total sampling method, namely 201 respondents at 3M Plus Tembilahan Hospital. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the study showed that there was a relationship of analysis of the implementation of patient safety goals in health care professionals at 3M Plus Tembilahan Hospital.

Simulation for Systems Integration: A Win-Win to Achieve Your Education, Quality, and Safety Goals.

Health care education is a cornerstone of clinical excellence, ensuring the highest level of readiness to achieve high-quality and safe care. Integrating simulation into health care systems can provide a modality to address educational, quality, and safety goals. Simulation is a methodology used to immerse individuals, teams, and medical systems into clinical scenarios or environments. Through facilitation and debriefing, the immersive experience can be used to provide vital education, develop optimal health care practices, and identify prospects for improvement. Simulation provides an opportunity to blend the needs of continuing multiprofessional education while addressing quality and safety goals, and ultimately, promoting a positive safety culture. Applied comprehensively, simulation for systems integration can both promote the transformation of the health care system into a learning organization, as well as translate to improved health care outcomes. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(11):e408-e413.].

Technology Focus: Drilling and Completion Fluids (November 2024)

This year’s primary selections for the Drilling and Completion Fluids Technology Focus reflect now-well-established industrywide emphases on machine learning (ML), automation, and the achievement of successful drilling of CO2 storage wells. Enhanced methods of modeling and monitoring allow time and cost savings while surpassing safety goals and furthering efforts to optimize CO2 storage. Paper OTC 35433 discusses a study centered on accurate gel-strength estimation. The authors leverage ML techniques, particularly the use of artificial neural networks, to develop predictive models for forecasting the gel strength of synthetic oil-based mud systems at both 10-second and 10-minute intervals, surpassing the precision and speed of techniques based on traditional rotational viscometers. In a similar vein, paper SPE 216322 seeks to bypass traditional manual methods of monitoring drilling fluids, its authors describing a novel online system that measures 10 key parameters continuously. They write that the system has been field-trialed across 200 wells with results that highlight the system’s reliability, with continuous operation for over 125 days. Finally, paper SPE 217711 involves evaluating the effects of an influx of CO2 into drilling fluids, a key task in the drilling of CO2 storage wells. Concentrating on oil-based drilling fluid, the presented study describes the development and integration of models for properties of drilling-fluid/CO2 mixtures into an existing software suite. Recommended-reading papers include an investigation of the use of microwave power in recovering oil from contaminated drill cuttings, reduction of the carbon footprint of drilling fluids, and sedimentation behavior of particles in fibrous sweep fluids. As always, the long-sighted ambition of such research, and the skill applied in its pursuit, reflects the commitment to excellence embodied by the authors of technical papers presented at SPE conferences. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 217140 Microwave-Assisted Technique for Oil Recovery From Oily Sludge Shale Drilled Cuttings by A. Agi, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, et al. OTC 34667 Successful Decarbonization of Drilling Fluids by Using Highly Efficient Technology and Reduced Chemical Usage, Logistics, and Casing Sections by Gerardo Jardinez, Pemex, et al. SPE 218631 Application of Machine-Learning Method for Modeling Settling Behavior of a Spherical Particle in Fibrous Drilling Fluids by R.M. Elgaddafi, Australian University, et al.

IoT based smart emergency response system (SERS) for monitoring vehicle, home and health status

This paper presents an innovative Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart emergency response system that aims to improve safety and efficiency across vehicles, homes and healthcare settings. The proposed system combines advanced sensors, communication technologies, and intelligent algorithms to provide a comprehensive solution for real-time data monitoring and emergency management. Here, the vehicle device is equipped with temperature, gas, flame, GPS, piezo, and accelerometer sensor and the system can detect accidents, hazardous conditions, precise location automatically notifying emergency services. The home devices incorporate Flame Sensor, humidity sensor, DHT11, MQ-2 gas sensor, MQ-4 Gas Sensor, MQ-135 gas sensor, and intrusion detection to ensure immediate alerts and response to potential security threats. Lastly the health device is equipped with temperature, humidity, stress levels, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and fetal heart rate sensor which can monitor vital signs and detect anomalies, triggering alerts for medical emergencies and facilitating timely intervention. The novelty of the proposed study is it incorporates the three devices, processes the data and automatically notifies the emergency responders for further emergency assistance. Moreover, the system utilizes a cloud-based platform to collect, analyze, and disseminate data, enabling seamless coordination between emergency responders such as ambulance for health and accident emergency, fire brigade for fire emergency and affected individuals. We have also developed a MySQL-PHP-Laravel based live dashboard and emergency response system where both the user and relevant stakeholder will have the access which could mitigate the emergency situation in the quickest amount of time without human intervention. The findings of our study reveals that incorporation of IoT and smart infrastructure offers significant improvement of server response time 3 ms, accuracy > 99% and overall effectiveness of emergency management. This integrated approach not only enhances individual safety but also contributes to broader public safety goals, showcasing the potential of IoT technologies in creating smarter, safer environments.

Relationship network of safety management elements in the construction industry under the perspective of resilience

PurposeConstruction safety resilience is gradually gaining attention in the field of engineering construction as a new management concept and way to improve safety performance. However, how to cope with the dilemma of the unclear relationship of construction safety resilience elements at the practice level and promote the harmonization of construction safety goals and resilience enhancement paths has become an urgent challenge for safe construction.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzes the components of construction safety resilience elements. A relationship network model of construction safety resilience elements is developed by using the social network analysis method. The location and influence of each element in the network and the interrelationships among the elements are explored in depth.FindingsThe findings reveal a robust interconnection among the elements of safety resilience in the construction industry. Key components such as safety behavior, risk prevention and control mechanisms, disaster prevention and mitigation technologies as well as information technology, are positioned at the core of the network. Notably, safety behavior exerts the most significant influence over the other elements, serving as the linchpin of safety management in the construction industry. Moreover, the interplay among safety resilience elements in the construction sector can alter the structure of the relationship network.Originality/valueThis study adopts the social network approach to solve the problem that it is difficult to quantitatively analyze the elements of construction safety resilience and their interrelationships and to clarify the interactions among the core elements, which can help to further assist the construction project manager to continuously optimize safety resilience and improve construction safety.

A qualitative study of patient competence for patient engagement in their safety——from the perspective of nurses and patients

ObjectivesTo describe the essential competencies required for patient engagement in their own safety.MethodWe adopted a phenomenological approach in qualitative research to conduct semi-structured interviews with nurses (n = 14) and adult patients (n = 13) from different departments. By deeply exploring their experiences and feelings about patient engagement in patient safety, we sought to understand their views on the qualities that patients need to possess in order to participate in their own safety.ResultsFrom the interviews, we identified six major themes, including competence of information sharing, competence of taking patient engagement as responsibility and right, competence of making equal communication, competence of maintaining trust relationship with health personnels, competence of accepting non-punitive safety culture, need of resource support, five of them showed essential competences for patients and one of them showed patients’ need for promoting their engagement.ConclusionThe findings of this study show necessary competence and needs in patient engagement process of patient, offer a foundational reference for constructing a measurement tool for patient engagement in patient safety competence in the future, so that medical staff and patients can provide reference for the future targeted construction of patient competence improvement programs. At the same time, improving patient competence and engagement to better achieve safety goals requires the joint efforts of patients, medical staff, medical institutions, the government, and society.

Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence in Agricultural Sector: Trends and Transformations

Artificial intelligence (AI) in agriculture is transforming the sector by improving resources efficiency, sustainability and productivity. Our study examined a number of AI-related applications such as pest control, crop monitoring, precision farming and soil health evaluation. AI powered devices enables automated fertilization, harvesting and irrigation, and therefore, cutting down the labor expenses and resource waste. Predictive analytics in AI helps with crop yield and weather forecasts which ultimately improves the planning and risk management. The paper also discusses the challenges and limitations of AI adoption in agriculture, such as the need for reliable data, technical expertise and infrastructure investment. Ultimately, the findings highlights the AI can have positive transformative potential in creating resilient agricultural practices that can meet the demands of a growing global population while minimizing environmental impact. However, one of the biggest uses of AI is precision farming, which uses the technology to optimize inputs like water, fertilizer and pesticides by adjusting them to the unique requirements of the crop and the field. AI techniques also make it possible to detect the pests and diseases through picture recognition and predictive analytics, which ultimately minimizes the crop loss and allows for prompt interventions. Widespread use may be hampered by issues with data quality, model interpretability, expensive prices and system integration. Furthermore, issues with labor impact, regulatory frameworks and scalability complicate its adoption. In order to fully utilize AI in agriculture, researchers, farmers and policymakers must work together to overcome these challenges and develop workable and accessible solutions that are suited to a variety of agricultural environments. Present review also highlighted how AI involvement has the ability to revolutionize agricultural sector by developing resilient methods that can both minimize environmental effects and meet the needs of an expanding global population. The agriculture industry can set the path for a sustainable future by adopting AI advances and guaranteeing the environmental stewardship and goals of food safety and security.

Green and sustainable technologies for extraction of carotenoids from natural sources: a comprehensive review.

In recent years, driven by increasing consumer demand for natural and healthy convenient foods, the food industry has been shifting from synthetic to natural products. This shift is also reflected in the growing popularity of non-conventional extraction methods for pigments, which are favored for sustainability and environment-friendliness compared to conventional processes. This review aims to investigate the extraction of carotenoids from a variety of natural sources, including marine sources like fungus, microalgae, and crustaceans, as well as widely studied plants like tomatoes and carrots. Additionally, it delves into the recovery of valuable carotenoids from waste products like pomace and peels, highlighting the nutritional and environmental benefits. The review also emphasizes the role of green solvents such limonene, vegetable oils, ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, and natural deep eutectic solvents in effective and ecologically friendly carotenoid extraction. These technologies support the ideas of a circular and sustainable economy in addition to having a smaller negative impact on the environment. Overall, the present study highlights the crucial importance of green extraction technologies in achieving the dual goals of sustainability and public safety.