Goal Of Reform Research Articles

Regulations on the Determination of Abandoned Land Objects for the Land Bank in the Context of Realizing Agrarian Reform

Constitution is the highest basic norm that regulates various aspects of a country's life, including the relationship between state institutions, government, and citizens. In Indonesia, the constitution is known as the 1945 Constitution, which before the amendment only limitedly regulated rights to land and natural resources through Article 33 Paragraph (3). After the amendment, these rights were regulated more firmly, including the recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples and the right to control the state. The regulation of abandoned land is also discussed in the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) and PP No. 20 of 2021, which expands the objects of regulation to abandoned land and abandoned areas. Abandoned land can be used as an asset of the Land Bank, an institution formed by the government to manage land optimally. However, the existence of the Land Bank raises concerns regarding legal uncertainty and inequality in land ownership, especially because its broad authority has the potential to ignore the rights of small and indigenous communities. Legal certainty and justice in land distribution must be guaranteed to prevent abuse of power, as well as to fulfill the goals of agrarian reform and community welfare. The method used in this research is a normative legal research method, which is applied to examine regulations related to the Land Bank. This research aims to achieve results that The Land Bank, regulated by PP No. 64 of 2021, aims to manage abandoned land for investment and agrarian reform (TORA), but its implementation risks agrarian inequality, legal uncertainty, and conflicts due to potential dominance by investor interests and deviations in the interpretation of the State's Right to Control (HMN). To achieve equitable, sustainable, and beneficial land use, regulations must be reformed to prioritize justice, transparency, and accountability, ensuring the Land Bank supports small farmers and the public interest in line with Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution and the UUPA.

ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РЕФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ВЛАСТИ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БЕЛАРУСЬ В КОНТЕКСТЕ СОЮЗНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results and trends of reforming methods and mechanisms of public administration in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus from the perspective of integration processes in the Union State of Belarus and Russia in the period from 2020 to mid-2024 On the basis of consideration of amendments to the constitution, laws, decrees and resolutions adopted by states aimed at reorganizing the power systems in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, A comparative analysis of the directions of transformation is carried out. The general and specific features of the ongoing reforms are revealed. The long-term causes and goals of public administration reform laid down by the states are determined. An assessment is given of the transformations of public administration in the most relevant and priority areas today (security, migration policy, import substitution). The duality of the importance of the ongoing reforms in relation to deepening cooperation within the framework of the Union State is emphasized. On the one hand, the reforms contribute to the rapprochement of states in a number of key areas of interaction within the framework of the Union State, but at the same time they continue to postpone the deepening of political integration, without assuming a strengthening role of supranational institutions. At the same time, the single strategic goal of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus is emphasized, which essentially unites the aspirations of states and consists in the long-term preservation of sovereignty, conditions for the safe economic, technological and spiritual development of societies.

The impact of reform of medical insurance payment method on medical service pricing—based on empirical analysis of matched medical finance comprehensive data

BackgroundThe medical insurance payment method (MIPM) has an important impact on medical service pricing (MSP) in China. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of medical insurance payment method on medical service pricing with the hope of providing insights into appropriate MSP and resource allocation.MethodFrom the perspective of information asymmetry, using the matched medical finance comprehensive data of Chengdu City, our study empirically analyzed the effect of fixed payment by disease (FPD) on MSP by the difference in difference (DID) model.ResultsThe study found that FPD not only optimizes the allocation of medical resources, saves a large amount of medical insurance funds, but also reduces the personal burden of patients. FPD is adjusted by optimizing the structure of medical expenses and medical insurance compensation, which has certain effects on saving medical insurance funds, improving the quality of medical services, and reducing the burden on patients. It has achieved the goal of medical insurance payment method reform, and make the mechanism of MSP relatively more reasonable.ConclusionThis study provided policy implications for the government to implement multiple and compound medical insurance payment method and establish a more scientific and reasonable pricing mechanism for medical services.

Inclusive Excellence in Practice: Integrating Equitable, Consequential Learning and an Inclusive Climate in Higher Education Classrooms and Institutions

In education, initiatives aimed at improving diversity, equity, inclusivity, and justice (DEIJ) are often conceptualized and implemented separately from those addressing students’ and faculty’s learning — and the reverse is also true. In this theoretical paper with an empirical illustration, we present a holistic framework based on our experience with a comprehensive change initiative. The I2 Framework posits that DEIJ and learning goals need to be addressed simultaneously and at multiple, intersecting organizational levels. Through a systems approach, I2 integrates change activity across two dimensions: one representing goals of reform (DEIJ and improved learning) and another representing levels of organizational change (classroom and department/organization). I2 integrates the work of creating equitable, consequential learning opportunities in the classroom and the work of creating an inclusive climate at the departmental/organizational level, emphasizing their inherent relatedness. We provide an empirical example based on design-based implementation research and related mixed methods analyses of a multi-year change project in an engineering department at a large, public university in the United States. The example highlights a need to shift the nature of this work, how we do this work, and the environment and culture within which we do this work at both the classroom level and the department level. The example also illustrates ways that elements of the change initiative intersected with existing institutional practices, leading some innovations to succeed and others to be resisted. The I2 Framework provides guidance to practitioners, policymakers, and leaders working towards equitable, consequential learning at the classroom level and an inclusive climate at departmental and institutional levels.

Embracing Controversy: A Second Look at CDC Reform Efforts in the Wake of COVID-19.

Addressing criticism that the agency's Covid-19 response was lacking, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has proposed internal agency reforms intended to improve its performance during the next pandemic. They are aimed at improving surveillance and analytic capacity and agency communications. This essay, via a counterfactual analysis of the CDC's proposed reforms, asks how, if completed in advance of Covid-19, they might have changed outcomes in four cases of guidance controversy during the pandemic. CDC planned reforms, though they have merit, are predicated on the ability to come to "scientific closure" in a highly charged political environment. To improve outcomes in a future pandemic, the agency should consider how it plans to communicate with the public when recovering from error and when addressing controversy spurred by criticism from credible experts. However, the ability of future presidents to limit CDC performance and communications in the next pandemic and the lack of political consensus around the value of independent public health expertise threaten the agency's reform goals.

A Practical Exploration on the Teaching Reform of Integration of Production and Teaching in College Students' Labor Education Curriculum

In March 2020, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Strengthening Labor Education in Colleges and Universities in the New Era," emphasizing the "need to fully recognize the new requirements for cultivating socialist builders and successors in the new era for strengthening labor education; to build a comprehensive labor education system that reflects the times; to conduct extensive labor education practical activities; to enhance the support and guarantee capacity for labor education; and to strengthen the organization and implementation of labor education." As a result, labor education has become a required course for students majoring in Test and Control Technology and Instrumentation. The course is divided into two parts: theoretical learning and practical learning. Due to the increasing social emphasis on labor quality education and its reflection in the key role it plays in solving complex engineering problems, the traditional "walking-horse-view" theoretical teaching method and "visiting-style" practical teaching method are no longer suitable for the new teaching needs in the contemporary context. Therefore, in order to improve the teaching quality and students' learning effect of the flexible and open knowledge, Changzhou Institute of Technology's Test and Control Technology and Instrumentation major has invited the technical directors of representative enterprises in the industry to conduct case analysis in class and on-site visits, achieving the goal of joint teaching reform between schools and enterprises. Bringing the latest industrial status and development trends of Test and Control Technology and Instrumentation technology into classroom teaching, it effectively improves the teaching quality and deeply cultivates students' labor awareness.

Optimal Path of Education Based on Individual Differences of Students and Hysteresis of Education

Abstract: The problem of educational hysteresis was proposed decades ago, but effective solutions have been rare. In this paper, an analysis of the causes and effects of educational hysteresis, along with finding the correlation between individual differences of students with educational development has been done. Based on the analysis, the hysteresis of education originates from timeline conflicts, reform difficulties, and teachers' acceptability towards new content. These would result in losing the purpose of education: helping students prepare for future careers and maintain equality. This essay also points out the differences in children between different generations, and how students can change in many different aspects like thinking and values. Based on these conclusions, this paper argues that the government should constantly update its system and set specific reform goals for different areas. Teachers should focus on creating opportunities from time to time, incorporating innovations in teaching methods. In addition, teachers should pay attention to the situation of students and achieve personalized teaching.

Essential lessons from an unpromising source: what reformers can learn from the Philippines on corruption control

PurposeCorruption control in the Republic of the Philippines (RP) has hardly failed, but it is not (yet) a success story either. Dramatic “people power” episodes have occurred, but populism has also, at times, led to repression. Still, essential reform lessons are available.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual reassessment of corruption control. Central concerns include the types of corruption experienced in the country, incentives that might sustain collective action, the need to measure both corruption and reform, and linking reform to citizens’ quality of life.FindingsTop-down, whole-country approaches to reform often treat corruption as if it were the same everywhere, thereby emphasizing “best practices”. However, that can be misleading: a best practice in one society might be irrelevant, impossible, or harmful in another. Contemporary reformers must carefully examine the historical, social, economic, and political contexts, as well as the consequences of corruption. Groups and activities seemingly unrelated to corruption control can prove essential. Reformers must fight corruption with people, not for them.Originality/valueThe ultimate goal of reform must be justice: redressing imbalances of power while building social and political trust.

RESTITUTION OF ILL-GOTTEN WEALTH AS A WAY TO FIGHT CORRUPTION

The main goal of judicial reforms implemented in Uzbekistan is to protect the rights and legal interests of subjects, to give wide privileges and freedoms to the activities of participants in economic transactions. Civil legal instruments, like other areas of law, play an important role in ensuring the protection of the rights and interests of subjects. In particular, the demands for compensation for damages and the return of unjustified wealth are distinguished by their own characteristics among civil legal instruments aimed at the protection of rights in the restoration of violated rights and protection of material interests.

Conciliation Proceedings in the System of Means of Increasing the Efficiency of Justice

The implementation of a phased reform of the judiciary in recent years has been one of the most important tasks in the development of the rule of law in Russia. The main goal of the ongoing reforms is to strengthen an independent, independent judiciary capable of effectively implementing the function of the administration of justice. In the system of means that ultimately contribute to improving the effectiveness of judicial activity, the author examines the gradually introduced conciliation procedures. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the results of the implementation of conciliation procedures in law enforcement. The article defines the legal regulation of conciliation procedures, the specifics of their application in judicial activity. The results of statistical data on the work of courts to consider civil cases according to the parameters of interest are presented.

Examining the Government's Efforts to Curb Abandoned Land

Controlling land indicated as abandoned is part of aligning agrarian reform goals. Effective land management will ensure land is used according to its intended purposes, including the right to cultivate. This study aims to describe and provide an overview of land classified as abandoned, focusing on land with cultivation rights granted and offers recommendations for respecting and protecting the community’s rights to the land they own. This study employs a normative juridical approach by comparing cases and statutory frameworks. The findings reveal various factors contributing to land abandonment and the government’s efforts to address this issue. Established norms should guide legal actions to achieve certainty and justice in land use. Implementing legal measures is part of harmonising existing regulations with societal realities, as outlined in paragraph 4 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, which mandates that the government protect the entire nation and promote the well-being of all citizens.

Analysis of The Readiness of The Regional Government of Malinau District North Kalimantan Province in Commemorate Digital Transformation

One of the efforts to realize the goals of bureaucratic reform is the modernization of the government bureaucracy which focuses on the orientation of public services to community satisfaction through optimizing the use of information technology. The purpose of this research is to analyse the readiness of the Regional Government of Malinau Regency in commemorate digital transformation and to identify supporting and inhibiting factors for the readiness of the Regional Government of Malinau Regency in commemorate digital transformation. This study uses a qualitative research design with descriptive methods, by adapting the An Integration Information Rich E-Readiness Assessment Tool readiness analysis model, proposed by Mutula & Brakel 2006. This research uses a triagulation analysis method on observation data, interviews and documentation in the field. The research results of the five dimensions of assessment show 1) Information Readiness with information access indicators categorized as ready and information mechanism indicators categorized as quite ready; 2) Institutional Readiness with Organizational Structure indicators categorized as ready, ICT Policy indicators categorized as quite ready and ICT Budget Readiness categorized as ready; 3) HR readiness with HR composition indicators categorized as quite ready, ICT HR qualification indicators categorized as unprepared, and ICT HR preparation indicators categorized as unprepared. 4) Infrastructure Availability with hardware and software infrastructure indicators categorized as ready and internet connection indicators categorized as quite ready; 5) External Environment Readiness with telecommunications service quality indicators categorized as quite ready.

Measuring the effective implementation of the GEQIP reform at school level in Ethiopia

This study examines the substantive impact of educational reforms on school and classroom organization worldwide, noting that many reforms have been more rhetorical than practical in enhancing educational quality. It highlights the crucial role of school principals in driving changes to improve student learning, despite the challenges of implementing reforms that have historically not led to significant increases in student achievement. Focusing on the General Education Quality Improvement Programme (GEQIP) in Ethiopia as a case study, this research aims to assess the extent of reform implementation across schools by identifying variations in the level of implementation. Through a quantitative approach using school principal surveys, the study employs a range of methodological strategies—including principal component analysis (PCA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), hierarchical cluster analysis, and K-means cluster analysis—to develop scales and indicators that classify schools into high or low categories of policy implementation. The findings reveal a partial and uneven implementation of GEQIP across Ethiopian schools, with notable disparities in reform adoption levels. This paper concludes by discussing the effectiveness of the methodologies used to categorize schools based on reform implementation and the implications of these findings for the successful execution of educational reforms in Ethiopia and similarly situated contexts. The study underscores the necessity of devising targeted strategies to assist principals and schools in fully achieving the goals of educational reforms.

Main directions of ensuring national security and mechanisms of public administration under martial law

The task of ensuring national security is currently a key one for Ukraine, as a condition and goal of reforms in all spheres of state and social activity. The content of transformations in this area should be linked to ensuring and comprehensively strengthening Ukraine's sovereignty and preserving its territorial integrity. The current situation in the world is characterized by the presence of “points of tension”, the desire of other states to implement their geopolitical plans and unresolved social problems. In addition, the state is the main institution that creates appropriate conditions for the functioning of each business entity. In Ukraine, there is a need to define the benchmarks of the security system, study international experience and implement it in the process of improving national security legislation. The article examines and analyzes the theoretical foundations of the state management of national security development, reveals the essence of such concepts as “national security”, “economic security”; identifies the components of national and economic security of Ukraine; mechanisms of state management of economic security; characterizes three main types of security threats, namely: external and internal; real and potential; global, regional and local; identifies threats affecting economic security; develops recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the state management of economic security.

Practice and Thinking of Peer Assistance Class Mentorship System in Promoting Students’ Comprehensive Development

In the current vocational education environment, the comprehensive development of students has become an important goal of education reform, which, in addition to the cultivation of professional skills, also emphasizes the cultivation of students’ ways of thinking, creative abilities and sense of social responsibility. Educational reforms in vocational colleges and universities have focused on building an open and diversified learning environment, encouraging students to develop their personal hobbies and social interaction skills while learning professional skills, as well as increasing investment in humanities, arts and science education to cultivate critical thinking and the ability to solve complex problems, so as to enable students to adapt to the fast-changing labor market while taking into account both their personal development and the needs of society. As a result, the peer-help classroom guidance system has emerged, which forms an effective educational and growth support system that enhances students’ social skills and shapes leadership and teamwork through the driving and tutoring of junior students by their senior counterparts. This paper analyzes the factors affecting the overall development of students in vocational colleges and universities, and then deduces the advantages of the peer-help class guide system, revealing the positive impact of the facts of the system on the overall development of students.

Organizational sensemaking during curriculum implementation: The dilemma of agency, role of collaboration, and importance of discipline‐specific leadership

AbstractAdopting new instructional materials is an important way to support reform in science education, but implementation can be challenging and complex. Therefore, we conducted a contrasting case study of two middle schools implementing new curricular materials. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with teachers and leaders and collected instructional artifacts and reflections from teachers. Using an organizational sensemaking framework, we investigated the tensions that came up during implementation, the resources leveraged to address those tensions, and resulting instructional and leadership practices. One school focused on implementing the materials with fidelity, relying on networking and past practices, which led to a more traditionalized teaching approach. The other school centered the curricular materials, prioritizing understanding the instructional model and customizing for their students, resulting in more aligned instructional practices. Looking across the two cases highlights three key takeaways. First, we discuss the dilemma of agency, which is how can leaders balance teachers' professional agency with the push for instructional reform, especially when teachers may not fully understand the reform approach. We propose that a focus on understanding the goals of instructional reform might help resolve this dilemma. Second, we discuss the role of collaboration as potentially supporting or inhibiting teacher learning and propose that when teachers collaborate about high quality instructional materials they may be more likely to learn about the reforms inherent in them. Finally, we highlight the importance of discipline‐specific leadership in helping teachers to understand and implement the complexities inherent in new science instructional materials.

Social Media and Surveillance Capitalism: Facebook, Political Polarization, Orwellian Dystopia, and American Democracy

Social Media and Surveillance Capitalism: Facebook, Political Polarization, Orwellian Dystopia, and American Democracy

Students' Cognition of Art Education and Its Impact on Personal Growth in Selected Schools of China: Towards Integrating Critical Thinking into Artistic Practices

This study investigates Chinese middle school students' perceptions of art education and its influence on personal growth and development. A sample of 450 students from Zhejiang Province middle schools completed a survey assessing perceived impacts of arts engagement. Results revealed students rated the greatest enhancement in creativity, followed by imagination and general knowledge. Females reported higher creativity gains than males. Ninth graders perceived greater knowledge growth compared to seventh graders. Students valued affective development most strongly, followed by behavioral then cognitive impacts. Perceived intrapersonal growth positively correlated with broader personal gains. Flow experiences during arts activities associated with higher ratings across all domains. Overall, findings substantiate multidimensional benefits of arts immersion for holistic cultivation aligned with China's curriculum reform goals. However, gaps persist in equitable access and tailored programming. Recommendations include expanded teacher training, needs-based funding formulas, student-centered adaptation, gender-inclusive pedagogies, leveraging community resources, balanced assessment systems, and communicating advocacy evidence to promote supportive policies and environments ensuring high-quality arts education reaches all Chinese youth. This study elucidates students’ perceptions validating arts engagement as a pathway towards national cultural prosperity and innovation.

PERFORMANCE OF THE GUNUNG JAYA AGRARIAN REFORM VILLAGE, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI: A STUDY OF THE CHALLENGES OF ACHIEVING AGRARIAN REFORM GOALS

Agrarian Reform Village (ARV) is a pilot project in various Indonesian regions to prepare areas for the small-scale implementation of agrarian reform, including asset management and access management. The aim of this study is to know the perfomance of Agrarian Reform Village (ARV) in Gunung Jaya Village, Dangia District, Southeast Sulawesi and to know the challenges faced in implementing the program to achieve the goals of agrarian reform. Its social legal research consists of primary data obtained directly from the field or research location and elaborated with secondary data that is already available in the form of legal materials and relevant to the research topic. This study found that the performance of Gunung Jaya Agrarian Reform Village, which includes land redistribution, economic community empowerment, and reform access, was not optimal enough. There are several inhibiting factors that become challenges for the optimalization of the program, such as the planting process, maintenance, and capital problems. The local government and the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning, as organizers, continue to strive to resolve these obstacles for the implementation of the agrarian reform village in following year to realize the achievements of agrarian reform.Keywords: Village; Reform; Agrarian.

How Do Attitudes and Self-Efficacy Predict Teachers’ Intentions to Use Inclusive Practices? A Cross-National Comparison Between Canada, Germany, Greece, Italy, and Switzerland

Inclusive education is a key goal of modern educational reforms, yet its implementation is complex. This study examines the roles of teacher attitudes and self-efficacy in predicting their intentions to use inclusive practices across five western countries: Canada, Germany, Greece, Italy, and Switzerland. The study identified both significant differences and commonalities in prediction patterns across these countries. For instance, beliefs about inclusion varied in their significance, being the most influential predictor among Italian teachers, while managing challenging behaviour was a key predictor for Swiss teachers only. For the other predictors, no significant differences were found, and self-efficacy in collaboration was the strongest predictor nominally. The study suggests that, while aspects such as collaboration seem generally important across countries, effective strategies for promoting inclusive education may also need to be tailored to each country’s unique context, considering aspects of historical background of inclusive education, teacher training, and support. It also emphasizes the need to consider domain-specific aspects of teacher self-efficacy, as different facets differently affect teachers’ intentions.