Goal Of Planning Research Articles

Introduction to surgical coaching.

Surgical coaching is a new approach to continuous professional development (CPD). Advocates claim that coaching improves surgical and non-technical skills, leading to enhanced performance and reduced stress and burnout. Widespread acceptance of coaching in the surgical community is limited due to a paucity of evidence, surgery-specific obstacles and lack of resources. This narrative review introduces what 'surgical coaching' is and describes its origins. Coaching techniques are based on live or video observation of procedures, followed by collaborative analysis, reflection and goal planning in a non-competitive setting aided by an expert, peer or lay coach. Technical skills improvements have been reported using coaching techniques, yet long-term influence on non-technical competencies, overall performance and surgeon wellbeing are largely hypothetical. There are clear potential benefits in the application of surgical coaching to daily surgical practice. However, significant knowledge gaps remain. Dedicated research into the short-term applicability and the long-term effects of surgical coaching are required.

Design and analysis of bridge microstructure under the condition of large-scale geographical environment

The design and analysis of bridge microstructure are two indispensable parts of bridge construction and maintenance and the two always complement each other throughout bridge's life cycle. Furthermore, bridge microstructure design and analysis under large-scale geographic environment are more complicated. In order to ensure bridges' safe construction and normal traffic under this environmental condition, it is necessary to find a suitable microstructure and use a scientific classification method to analyze it. Under large-scale geographic condition, the design and analysis of bridge microstructure should be planned from multiple steps after construction party puts forward bridge planning and construction goals. The stability of bridge engineering geology should give more consideration to the feedback mechanism of internal structural system characteristics for microstructure design and analysis, and must have a geographical viewpoint. Therefore, on the basis of summarizing and analyzing previous research works, this paper expounds the current research status and significance of large-scale geographic environment, elaborates the development background, current status and future challenges of bridge microstructure design and analysis, introduces the methods and principles of single-degree-of-freedom energy structure reaction and the dynamic microstructure characteristics, constructs bridge microstructure model, conducts bridge microstructure data analysis, performs bridge microstructure design under large-scale geographical environment condition, proposes the combined analysis of load effect, discusses the optimization analysis of structural topology, puts forward the bridge microstructure analysis under large-scale geographic environment condition, and finally carries out a simulation experiment and its result analysis. The study results show that when the large-scale geographic environment is divided into regular rectangular plots, the bridge microstructure can maintain its design cohesion, and the stretch and continuity of those plots and bridge convey a strong sense of structure. Microstructure parameters represent the stiffness caused by the average properties of cross-sectional materials of bridge microstructure. For a uniform classical continuous microstructure, the design can accurately describe bridge's bending resistance. The study results of this paper provide a reference for further researches on the design and analysis of bridge microstructures under the condition of large-scale geographic environment.

The Kawa Model: A Self-Reflection Tool for Occupational Therapy Student Development in Practice Placements in Australia.

The Kawa Model is a conceptual occupational therapy model of practice that uses the metaphor of a river as a medium to support the exploration of self, life events, and environment. In this study, the Kawa Model was used by occupational therapy students during a practice placement in a remote community setting as a tool to support learning, build self-awareness, and promote reflection on personal and professional development. The study used an exploratory qualitative research design. Six student participants were purposively recruited and orientated to the use of the Kawa Model at the beginning and throughout their remote community practice placement. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data which were analysed thematically using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Findings. Analysis of the student transcripts revealed three overarching themes: self-awareness, the development of personal and professional skills, and working with metaphor. All students identified the model as a reflective tool that enhanced their understanding of their student selves in a remote setting. The students described the growth of various professional skills including communication, goal planning, and confidence. Whilst initially students found the metaphor challenging to fathom, throughout their placement, they found it impactful for comprehending their development of self. This study revealed that the students' self-awareness and personal and professional development were influenced by their engagement with and application of the Kawa Model. Repeated engagement with the Kawa Model enhanced the students' journey of personal and professional skill development.

Denser and greener cities: Green interventions to achieve both urban density and nature

Abstract Green spaces in urban areas—like remnant habitat, parks, constructed wetlands, and street trees—supply multiple benefits. Many studies show green spaces in and near urban areas play important roles harbouring biodiversity and promoting human well‐being. On the other hand, evidence suggests that greater human population density enables compact, low‐carbon cities that spare habitat conversion at the fringes of expanding urban areas, while also allowing more walkable and livable cities. How then can urban areas have abundant green spaces as well as density? In this paper, we review the empirical evidence for the relationships between urban density, nature, and sustainability. We also present a quantitative analysis of data on urban tree canopy cover and open space for United States large urbanized areas, as well as an analysis of non‐US Functional Urban Areas in OECD countries. We found that there is a negative correlation between population density and these green spaces. For Functional Urban Areas in the OECD, a 10% increase in density is associated with a 2.9% decline in tree cover. We argue that there are competing trade‐offs between the benefits of density for sustainability and the benefits of nature for human well‐being. Planners must decide an appropriate density by choosing where to be on this trade‐off curve, taking into account city‐specific urban planning goals and context. However, while the negative correlation between population density and tree cover is modest at the level of US urbanized areas (R2 = 0.22), it is weak at the US Census block level (R2 = 0.05), showing that there are significant brightspots, neighbourhoods that manage to have more tree canopy than would be expected based upon their level of density. We then describe techniques for how urban planners and designers can create more brightspots, identifying a typology of urban forms and listing green interventions appropriate for each form. We also analyse policies that enable these green interventions illustrating them with the case studies of Curitiba and Singapore. We conclude that while there are tensions between density and urban green spaces, an urban world that is both green and dense is possible, if society chooses to take advantage of the available green interventions and create it. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Challenges of Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning Considering Power System Resilience and Provide Solutions

Since power systems are susceptible to damages induced by disastrous incidents, the assessment and improvement of system resilience are unavoidable as a new goal of planning and operation. On the other hand, the expansion of generation and transmission grids constitute an essential part of power system planning as it needs a huge budget. So, a primary concern of researchers has always been the optimal planning of power systems. This paper studies the emerging concept of resilience, its criteria, and indicators, how to enhance it, and the identification of its strengths and weaknesses. It also reviews the strategies recommended in the literature to improve power system resilience. The paper briefly reports the models for expansion plan analysis and the generation and transmission expansion planning (GTEP) tools with or without the target of resilience enhancement, which can be instrumental in future research and can be used to estimate the effectiveness of different tools. Furthermore, the paper discusses the planning problems, thereby opening the way for further work in future studies. Finally, the study presents the most eminent challenges of GTEP to accomplish better, resilient, and innovative plans to escalate power system resilience.

ПРАКТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ОПИСОВОЇ ЧАСТИНИ БІЗНЕС-ПЛАНУ ДЛЯ ОТРИМАННЯ ГРАНТУ ВЕТЕРАНАМ ТА ЧЛЕНАМ ЇХ РОДИН У ПРОГРАМІ «ЄРОБОТА»

The article discusses the main practical aspects of writing the descriptive part of a business plan in order to obtain funding for starting or developing a business from the eRobota programme for veterans and their family members. The article outlines the potential benefits of using the project approach and adhering to the grant writing guidelines when submitting proposals for the "eRobota" grant program. Additionally, it provides guidance on filling out a business plan using a recommended algorithm. Recommendations are given on the style of presentation of information in the descriptive part of the business plan. The main methods of the project approach are outlined, the use of which will ensure the creation of the descriptive part of the business plan for the competitiveness of the application for participation in the grant competition. Attention is focused on the need to take into account the essential conditions of the grantor, namely: the amount of own funds is applied to grants in the amount of 500,000 to 1,000,000 UAH and is 30% of the grant amount; the number of new employees under the terms of the grant programme depends on the grant amount: a grant of up to 250,000 UAH – one employee; from 250,000 UAH to 500,000 UAH – two employees; from 500,000 UAH to 1,000,000 UAH – four employees, two of whom are combatants and/or persons with disabilities caused by war. The basic rules for developing a high quality grant application are described, which must be strictly followed in order to have a chance of receiving non-repayable grant funding from the government's eRobota programme. An important method of the project approach is considered, namely, the "SMART" method for developing short- and medium-term goals of a business plan. Recommendations on the formation of sections are provided: "Business and Business Idea", "Market and Competition", "Sales and Marketing Plans". Demonstrated examples are provided for each subsection of the business plan. It is worth noting that the inability to form a business plan, particularly the descriptive part, poses an obstacle for potential grant recipients in attracting grants. It is crucial to use the project approach, adhere to the grantors' requirements and maintain the vertical logic of the project for the correct presentation of material in the descriptive part. It has been determined that the quality of the project proposal development is crucial in order to obtain nonrepayable grant assistance from donors.

A Controllable Agent by Subgoals in Path Planning Using Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning

The aim of path planning is to search for a path from the starting point to the goal. Numerous studies, however, have dealt with a single predefined goal. That is, an agent who has completed learning cannot reach other goals that have not been visited in the training. In the present study, we propose a novel reinforcement learning (RL) framework for an agent reachable to any subgoal as well as the final goal in path planning. To do this, we utilize goal-conditioned RL and propose bidirectional memory editing to obtain various bidirectional trajectories of the agent. Bidirectional memory editing can generate various behavior and subgoals of the agent from the limited trajectory. Then, the generated subgoals and behaviors of the agent are trained on the policy network so that the agent can reach any subgoals from any starting point. In addition, we present reward shaping for the short path of the agent to reach the goal. In the experimental result, the agent was able to reach the various goals that had never been visited by the agent during the training. We confirmed that the agent could perform difficult missions, such as a round trip, and the agent used the shorter route with reward shaping.

ОСНОВНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО РОЗРОБКИ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article examines modern approaches to the formation of the corporate strategy of the enterprise's investment activities. The essence, role and significance of the enterprise's corporate investment strategy are characterized. The corporate investment strategy is a model of decision-making in the company, which defines and discloses its goals and objectives, forms the main directions of the investment policy and plans for achieving the set goals. An ineffective corporate investment strategy can affect the overall performance of the company, especially when it comes to investment decisions, since they are the main driving force. A well-designed investment strategy helps improve and protect a company's resources in a unique position. The main advantages and positive consequences as a result of the development of a corporate investment strategy at the enterprise are presented. An effectively constructed corporate investment strategy plays a crucial role in protecting the lines of business in which the company will compete. The expediency of forming and implementing a corporate investment strategy at the enterprise is substantiated. research in the field of corporate investment strategy today is aimed at solving various issues. Research on the impact of the corporate strategy on investment decisions can help identify and assess the impact on the company's effective and efficient investment decision-making. The main components of the corporate strategy of the enterprise's investment activities are highlighted. The organizational goals of corporate investment strategic planning are given. Understanding the organizational goals of the corporate investment strategic plan will help create effective plans to manage the company's growth. The main stages of development of the strategic plan of investment activity of the enterprise are considered. The indicators that characterize the effectiveness of the implementation of the investment strategy at the enterprise are described. Recommendations on the development of the enterprise's investment strategy have been formulated.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ – ЧАСТЬ БИЗНЕС-ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ

This article is devoted to the study of the role of economic analysis in the process of business planning. As part of the work, a justification is given for the need to study economic analysis as an integral tool in the process of business planning. The opinions of various scientists on the role of economic analysis in the development of a business plan are given. In addition, attention is focused on the goals of business planning, on the types and methods of economic analysis, as well as on the tasks that economic analysis performs at each stage of drawing up a business plan.

Digital-supported problem solving for shopfloor steering using case-based reasoning and Bayesian networks

Uncertainty and incompleteness of data challenge the design of knowledge systems for problem solving in shopfloor management. The paper proposes a data-driven design that incorporates traditional means of quality management and goals of production planning and control. It integrates data of a failure mode effects analysis (FMEA) and an 8D problem-solving process into a Bayesian network (BN) embedded case-based reasoning (CBR) cycle. Reducing inconsistencies within the BN, an optimization method uses scoring schemes and structural equation modeling for learning its structure. The results suggest that the optimized BN-CBR system outperforms the single use of CBR in terms of accuracy.

ЗМІСТОВІ ТА МЕТОДИЧНІ ОСНОВИ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО ПЛАНУВАННЯ

The article examines the content and methodological foundations of strategic planning of a modern enterprise, primarily as a basis for determining the plans and objectives of an enterprise, including the volume and structure of the product range, and the resources required for its production and sale. The key differences between strategic and tactical planning are presented. The components of the planning system are considered. A generalized model of planning at an enterprise is presented, as well as a general system of enterprise plans that lie in the field of operational and strategic management and which are advisable to use. One of the manifestations of strategic planning - business planning – is studied, the essence and goals of business planning are considered. The author provides a list of the most well-known and internationally tested international business planning methods. Since strategic planning determines the goal and means of its achievement, it is quite logical to consider the existing classifications of strategic planning stages and determine the most concise and affordable option for entrepreneurship in modern conditions. It is argued that strategic planning is an adaptive process which involves regular development and adjustment of formalized plans with due regard to changes occurring inside and outside the enterprise. Within this process, four main types of management activities can be distinguished: resource allocation; adaptation to the external environment; internal; and organizational strategic foresight. It is noted that administrative tools such as tactics, policies, procedures and rules are used to implement enterprise strategies. The author provides a list of key features of strategic planning, including the need to monitor and coordinate all enterprise operations; defining in the strategies specific measures for the actual implementation of all goals and objectives; thorough and timely identification of threats and adequate response to them; ensuring a close relationship between multi-level strategic, tactical and business plans; etc. which should be considered under martial law.

How stroke care has changed in Slovakia in the last 5 years.

Although stroke patients in Slovakia had been treated according to European recommendations, no network of primary and comprehensive stroke centers had been officially established; the ESO recommended quality parameters had not been fulfilled. Therefore, the Slovak Stroke Society decided to change the stroke management concept and introduced mandatory evaluation of quality parameters. This article focuses on key success factors of the change in stroke management in Slovakia and presents the 5-year results and perspectives for the future. We processed data from the stroke register at the National Health Information Center, which is mandatory in Slovakia for all hospitals designated as primary and secondary stroke care centers. Since 2016, we have started to change stroke management. New National Guideline for Stroke Care was prepared in 2017 and published in 2018 as a Recommendation of the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic. The recommendation included pre-hospital as well as in-hospital stroke care, a network of primary stroke centers (hospitals administering intravenous thrombolysis - 37), and secondary stroke centers (hospitals treating with intravenous thrombolysis + endovascular treatment (ET) - 6). A stroke priority was instituted, having equally high priority as myocardial infarction. More efficient in-hospital workflow and pre-hospital patient triage shortened the time to treatment. Prenotification became mandatory in all hospitals. Non-contrast CT, and CT angiography is mandatory in all hospitals. In patients with suspected proximal large-vessel occlusion the EMS stays at the CT facility in primary stroke centers until the CT angiography is finished. If LVO is confirmed, the patient is transported to an EVT secondary stroke center by the same EMS. From 2019 all secondary stroke centers offer endovascular thrombectomy in a 24/7/365 system. We consider the introduction of quality control one of the most critical steps in stroke management. The result of these activities is 25.2% of patients treated with IVT and 10.2% by endovascular treatment, and median DNT 30 min. Number of patients screened for dysphagia increased from 26.4% in 2019 to 85.9% in 2020. In the most of the hospitals the proportion of ischemic stroke patients discharged with antiplatelets and in case of AF with anticoagulants was >85%. Our results indicate that it is possible to change stroke management at a single hospital and national level. For continuous and further improvement, regular quality monitoring is necessary; therefore, the results of stroke hospital management are presented regularly once a year at national and international level. Collaboration with the "Second for Life" patient organization is very important for the "time is brain" campaign in Slovakia. Due to the change in stroke management over the last 5 years, we have reduced the time for acute stroke treatment and improved the proportion of patients with acute treatment, and in this area, we have achieved and exceeded the goals of the Stroke Action Plan for Europe for 2018-2030. Nevertheless, we still have many insufficiencies in stroke rehabilitation and post-stroke nursing that need to be addressed.

The Impact of Social Infrastructure Planning on the Mobility of Inclusive Theoretical Model of Aging in the Context of Urban Renewal

The world’s population is aging quickly, yet the social environment and most local infrastructure are not designed to assist the elderly. This is due to the possibility that older persons may exhibit distinct characteristics in their everyday travel behavior, related to age and physical capacity. In order to support older individuals, social infrastructure needs to be defined in a consistent and quantifiable manner. More research is needed to understand the connection between infrastructure and community health, well-being, and liveability. A global goal in population aging planning is to ensure an enabling and supportive environment. This essay examines the aging population in cities and how the structure of the urban environment interacts with the surrounding social milieu. By analyzing the mobility of the senior population in social infrastructure planning, through inclusive design and inclusive theory models, we aim to create infrastructure more in line with the needs and spontaneity of older inhabitants. Using a unique analytical framework, the technique of liquidity, and social infrastructure, this research examines the shifting dynamics of communities and the value of place for older persons living in places undergoing socio-economic redevelopment. The paper argues that social infrastructure must be seen as a key element of urban regeneration planning, ensuring that new spaces foster social connections across generations and support a sense of local identity, belonging, and inclusion among older residents despite significant physical transformation. This article offers fresh suggestions for government organizations and planners to address the issues of aging.

Planning the Energy Future of the City: SWOT Analysis – Case Study of the City of Kragujevac

Reducing carbon dioxide emissions and achieving climate neutrality is one of the main challenges nowadays. In this regard, the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is the goal of energy planning in various countries worldwide. The Republic of Serbia announced a draft ntegrated National Energy and Climate Plan of the Republic of Serbia for the period 2030 with the projections up to 2050, in response to both the global aspiration and the Paris Agreement. Yet, since cities utilize more than 75% of primary energy globally, they should be considered when it comes to long-term energy planning at the national level. Achieving climate-neutral cities requires time and extensive analysis of energy potential. This paper aims to implement a SWOT analysis of planning the future energy system, with a case study of the city of Kragujevac. The paper outlines all the benefits and factors that can help stakeholders on the road to a climate-neutral city and any potential drawbacks. The utilized SWOT analysis was done in accordance with all available data and it results in the presentation of current energy needs and an insight into possible future directions of energy development of the City of Kragujevac concerning national and local energy policy-

Career Advancement for Disadvantaged Students: Integrating the Concept of Differentiation into a Peer Support Career Service Program Development and Implementation

<p>本研究旨在發展適用生涯發展不利弱勢學生之同儕支持生涯服務方案並評估其實施成效。研究採行動研究法，根據訪談及參考生涯、差異化教學與同儕支持概念，發展方案，計有14個單元，包含：相見歡、成長回顧、自我探索、讀書與學習策略、優勢整合、生涯資源蒐集應用、科系探索、職業探索、未來目標、生涯抉擇、履歷製作、時間管理、行動計畫、以及回顧與祝福等單元。本研究與二個非營利組織合作，共有25位青少年參與配對服務，每週進行一次，每次一小時，並得依參與者需求提供彈性的差異化服務，平均每人使用服務次數為10.76次。經重複測量，發現方案介入可以顯著改善參與者的生涯自我效能及其五個因素包括：目標選擇、自我評估、解決問題、作出計畫、蒐集資料以及生涯適應及其生涯關注、生涯好奇二個因素，惟生涯控制與生涯信心雖有進步但未達顯著。結案追蹤訪談，發現參與者對此方案皆抱持肯定態度，認為方案有助其瞭解自我、認識科系與職業及找到未來方向。依量尺技術評分，其平均滿意度高達90.64。另外，參與者也表達同儕陪伴像朋友之間的支持，更容易接近彼此。研究並根據結果提出建議。</p> <p> </p><p>Many studies support the idea that the gap in income achievement between high- and low-income families can have direct and indirect influences on children’s academic achievement and social opportunities. Considering disadvantaged students’ career development pathways, as a result of low economic resources, poor living environment, and poor physical and mental health conditions, disadvantaged students tend to show low selfesteem, autonomy, and control, and experience more helplessness, hesitation, and anxiety about career choices and career adaptation. In addition, for disadvantaged students, economy is often the primary factor of consideration for career choice rather than their "interest." These reasons make it difficult for these students to practice career tasks, or avail necessary social support when encountering career difficulties. Two deficiencies are concluded in disadvantaged students’ career dilemma: lack of knowledge about career planning, and not knowing how to plan their own career. From the perspective of social justice, every student, especially those with disadvantaged career development, should have equal opportunities to use career services suitable for them, so as to strengthen their ability to reduce the negative impact of social inequality and develop their own life stories. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a peer support career service program for underprivileged youth with career difficulties. This is an action research study that uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The career service program has 14 units, including meet and greet, growth review, self-exploration, reading and learning strategies, strengths integration, data search and application, major department and career exploration, goal setting, decision-making, resume production, time management, action plan, and blessings. The design of this study combines the teaching nature of career education with the counseling nature of career guidance. In terms of career education, pre-service teachers play the role of experts who guide and explain the concept and method of career planning, and design teaching plans based on the needs of disadvantaged students to enhance their career planning knowledge. In the guidance aspect, emphasis is placed on personal career obstacles. Pre-service teachers act as catalysts and guides who accompany disadvantaged students in self-exploration and development of career planning skills. This study adopted an amoeba-style design, emphasizing adjusting the proportion and method of career education and career guidance according to the needs and reactions of each student. Working with two non-profit organizations, 25 participants were included in-person in a one-on-one service. The average time for which each participant used the service was 10.76 hours (1 hour per session). The data were analyzed through repeated measures analysis. The results showed significant differences in goal selection, self-evaluation, problem solving, planning, data collection, career self-efficacy, career concern, career curiosity, and career adaptability domains. However, there was no significant difference in career control and career confidence, although there was an improvement. In addition, the results of the follow-up interviews showed that participants held a positive attitude (90.64 on a 0–100 scale) toward the program and considered that the program helped them understand themselves, their department and work, and to find their future direction. In addition, participants also stated that peer support was similar to friend-to-friend support, making it easier for them to build relationships with each other. Research recommendations include promoting and extending the peer support career service mode to more disadvantaged youths, continuing to develop differentiated career service strategies and skills, forming a career service community in cooperation with universities and institutions, exploring the influence of pre-service teachers in helping disadvantaged students in their career planning, and observing the impact on disadvantaged students’ future education and employment. In addition, it is also recommended to compare the effectiveness of using peer support career services with that of taking career courses in senior high schools.</p> <p> </p>

КОМУНІКАЦІЙНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ФАХІВЦЯ

An essential characteristic of the psychological and professional competence of future specialist is focus on a colleague as the main value of one's work. The need for self-discovery and self-change, methods of educational activity, methods of influencing colleagues, taking into account the patterns of personality development, is also determined. The constant variability of the professional activity tasks requires the future specialist to be aware of his / her role in this process, to display a creative approach taking into account the changing situations of professional interaction. The specialist's personality dynamism is explained by the need to choose means, forms, and methods of communication depending on the age characteristics of others, their individual characteristics and level of education. The ability to cooperate integrates, absorbs complex skills, namely: to formulate one's point of view, to listen and hear others, to find out the positions of one's partners, to resolve disagreements with the help of logical argumentation, not to transfer logical disagreements into the plane of personal relations, to encourage the activity of others and show initiative in a timely manner; to provide emotional and meaningful support to those who need it; to give others the opportunity to become consolidated, to try their hand at various types of activities; take the other's position and coordinate different views by exchanging ideas; take dialogical, not monological position; organically combine ″role″ and ″interpersonal″, business and human relations. Many philosophers, educators and psychologists point out that the individual consciousness and activity are influenced by two polar forces: external (environment) and internal (own will, desires and aspirations). As a result, each person passes his / her own path of individualization as an ascent to his / her ″Self″ under the influence of internal forces. And everyone has own way of socialization as result of adaptation to the external environment and the choice of ways of socialization in it. One of the courses of pedagogical effect on the future specialist is to provide students with information, namely: about man's manifestation of him / herself in society (environment), about the mechanisms (motives) that determine a person's behavior in his / her life as a whole, about ways of self-realization, about what helps a person form a real self-image. This is help in mastering the techniques of self-analysis, in forming an adequate self-assessment, in understanding one's relationships in society, in determining one's mirror self and one's meaning in mastering goal setting and planning. Keywords. Activity, personality, development, specialist, communication, professional interaction, cooperation, information, self-analysis.

Greek Orthodox.

There are approximately 300 million members of the Greek Orthodox Church worldwide. It is the second-largest Christian church. Followers of this religion believe in eternal life. Thus, the church strongly emphasizes a positive outcome in death- "the deceased is alive with God." God is believed to be the healer of our souls and bodies, which is facilitated through prayer and participation in the life of the Church. Traditional medical interventions are generally accepted. Artificial life support is justifiable only when it offers a hope for meaningful recovery. Just as death should not be hastened, the natural dying process should not be prolonged. Timely advance care planning and early treatment goals discussions to help understand how the patient would define quality of life is paramount to setting limitations on what could be considered as nonbeneficial care. The medical team should not assume that all patients of the Greek Orthodox faith will feel the same around end-of-life beliefs and practices. This chapter aims to identify common themes and the historical contextual framework that may influence the way in which medical decision making is made by those who specifically subscribe to the Greek Orthodox faith.

Інвестиційні аспекти реалізації Плану Маршалла

The Marshall Plan, or the Recovery Program for Europe, was a successful and ambitious project of the United States of America to help Europe affected by World War II, which, thanks to US assistance, was able to restore and surpass the pre-war level of prosperity. The article is aimed at analyzing the investment aspects of implementation of the Marshall Plan. The article reveals the features of the Marshall Plan (history, goals, coordination, and differences from other assistance programs) and considers the investment aspects of its implementation in the annual context. Attention is mainly focused on production, agriculture and their dynamism and efficiency, as well as labor productivity. The attempt of the OEEC to study the possibilities of coordinating investments in Europe is analyzed. The role of auxiliary partner funds in local currency in the development of investment projects is disclosed. Some features of European trade and the European Payment Union are considered. The influence of the force majeure factor – the war in Korea – on reorientation of the Marshall Plan’s objectives from economic recovery to defense is disclosed. The deliberate, rational and large-scale investments helped Europe devastated by World War II to restore its prosperity and achieve prosperity. Thanks to investments, it was possible to significantly increase European production. However, the investments were used as efficiently as possible only in combination with other factors, such as: an established entrepreneurial culture, stable legislation and protection of investors’ rights, productivity growth and the use of advanced technologies in production. Studying the experience of implementing the Marshall Plan is useful given that Ukraine has also suffered significant damage as a result of russia’s military actions and will require huge efforts to restore the economy together with large-scale investments.

Особенности оценки приемлемости проекта и ошибки при его планировании в управленческой деятельности

Project management technologies are considerably developed and it is associated with the use of modern approaches in this area. Project planning, correctly conducted project evaluation, foresight of the mistakes that may be made in development and implementation of the project will have direct impact on the success of a new commercial enterprise. Projects are a promising direction of the organization development. Projects vary in size, field of activity, and the number of participants. It is important to determine the goals of planning and the requirements for them. Neglecting any point in the plan will lead to the fact that the result of the project will be at risk. Despite all the risks of project activity, projects can be profitable, be progress engines and develop people's skills in the field in which the project is being implemented.

Digital technologies in management tasks

In the context of the digital revolution, all management processes are subject to reforms and optimisation. The public sector, in terms of making managerial decisions at the state head level, as well as federal executive authorities, also forms plans for digital transformation. However, initiating the optimization process in the public sector does not immediately lead to an effective transition to new realities. There are problems slowing down managerial decision-making in the field of digital transformation of the public sector, which affects the effectiveness of achieving strategic planning goals in the state, including in the long term.