Health Goals Research Articles

Biomass based nanofiber membrane composite with xylan derived carbon dots for fluorescence detection nitrite in food real samples

In our latest research endeavor, we are proud to present an innovative approach to the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) derived from the biomass xylan, which we have termed P-CDs. These P-CDs are meticulously integrated with a state-of-the-art biomass nanofiber membrane composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA), resulting in the creation of a novel solid-state fluorescent sensor, designated as NFP-CDs. This cutting-edge sensor has been meticulously engineered for the highly sensitive and specific detection of nitrite ions (NO2−), a critical parameter in various fields. The NFP-CDs sensor stands out for its user-friendly design, cost-effective production, and portable nature, making it an ideal choice for rapid and visible nitrite ion detection. It exhibits an extraordinary response time of less than 1 s, which is a testament to its high sensitivity. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrates exceptional selectivity and specificity, with a remarkably low detection threshold of 0.36 μM. This is achieved through a sophisticated dual detection mechanism that synergistically combines colorimetric and spectral analyses, ensuring accurate and reliable results. In addition to its impressive technical specifications, the NFP-CDs sensor has been rigorously tested and validated for its efficacy in detecting nitrite ions in real-world samples. These samples include a diverse range of food products such as rock sugar, preserved mustard, kimchi, and canned fish. The sensor has demonstrated a remarkable recovery rate, which varies from 99 % to 106 %, highlighting its potential for practical application in nitrite ion detection. This research not only offers a robust and effective strategy for the detection of nitrite ions but also carries profound implications for enhancing food safety and bolstering environmental monitoring efforts. The development of the NFP-CDs sensor represents a significant step forward in the field of sensor technology, providing a powerful tool for the detection of nitrite ions and contributing to the broader goals of public health and environmental stewardship.

Enhancing vitamin D levels in care homes: the role of healthy building design in preventing respiratory infections.

The recent article by Willcox etal. in the Journal of Public Health highlights the effectiveness of antiviral prophylaxis and high-dose vitamin D supplementation in reducing acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in care homes. This correspondence extends the discussion by emphasizing the critical role of healthy building design in enhancing vitamin D levels, which is vital for immune function and ARI prevention. Many care home residents suffer from vitamin D deficiency due to limited sunlight exposure. Incorporating architectural elements such as large windows, skylights, and outdoor spaces can significantly increase natural light exposure, thereby boosting vitamin D levels and potentially reducing ARI susceptibility. Despite the benefits of supplementation, addressing environmental factors through healthy building design offers a sustainable, long-term strategy that aligns with public health goals of preventive care and environmental sustainability. Prioritizing such design principles in care home planning and renovation can enhance residents' health and resilience against infections like influenza and COVID-19.

The challenges of regulatory pluralism

Countries with small and/or less-resourced regulatory authorities that operate outside of a larger medical product regulatory system face a regulatory strategy dilemma. These countries may rely on foreign well-resourced regulators by recognising the regulatory decisions of large systems and following suit (regulatory reliance); alternatively, such countries may extend formal decision recognition to regulators in multiple other jurisdictions with similar oversight and public health goals, following a system which we call regulatory pluralism. In this policy comment, we discuss three potential limitations to regulatory pluralism: (i) regulatory escape, in which manufacturers exploit regulatory variation and choose the lowest regulatory threshold for their product; (ii) increased fragmentation and complexity for countries adopting this approach, which may, in turn, lead to inconsistent processes; and (iii) loss of international bargaining power in developing regulatory policies. We argue that regulatory pluralism has important long-term implications, which may not be readily apparent to policy makers opting for such an approach. We advocate for the long-term value of an alternative approach relying on greater collaboration between regulatory authorities, which may relieve administrative pressures on countries with small or less-resourced regulatory authorities, regardless of whether countries pursue a strategy of domestic regulation or regulatory pluralism.

Distribution and drivers of co−hosts of antibiotic and metal(loid) resistance genes in the fresh−brackish−saline groundwater

Groundwater is an essential source of drinking water and agricultural irrigation water, and its protection has become a global goal for public health. However, knowledge about heavy metal(loid) resistance genes (MRGs) in groundwater and the potential co−selection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have seldom been developed. Here, during the wet and dry seasons, we collected 66 groundwater samples (total dissolved solids = 93.9−9530 mg/L) adjacent to Baiyangdian Lake in Northern China, which presented the few metal(loid) and antibiotic contamination. We identified 160 MRGs whose composition exhibited significant seasonal variation, and dissolved metal(loid)s (particularly Ba) played a determinative role in promoting the MRGs proliferation though with relatively low concentrations, suggesting the relatively vulnerable groundwater ecosystems. Moreover, 27.4% of MRG−carrying metagenome−assembled genomes (MAGs) simultaneously carried ARGs, with the most frequently detected MRG types of Cu, Hg, and As, and ARG types of multidrug and bacitracin. Physicochemical variables, variables related to total dissolved solids, metal(loid)s, and antibiotics synthetically shaped the variation of MRG−ARG hosts in groundwater. We found that the increase of MRG−ARG hosts was critically responsible for the spread of MRGs and ARGs in groundwater. Our findings revealed the widespread co−occurrence of MRGs and ARGs in few−contaminated groundwater and highlighted the crucial roles of salinity in their propagation and transmission.

Unveiling the Detrimental Impacts of Intensive Chemical Use and Monoculture on Soil Health and Sustainable Development Goal 15: Life on Land in Telangana

Objective: The primary objective of this research is to investigate the implications of excessive chemical use in agriculture and its detrimental impact on the environment. The study aims to highlight the urgent need for a shift towards sustainable farming practices that prioritize both productivity and ecological preservation. Theoretical Framework: The research appears to be grounded in the concept of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasizing the balance between economic growth, social progress, and environmental protection. It aligns with the understanding that intensive agricultural practices, while boosting yields, can have severe ecological consequences. Method: Researchers employed a descriptive survey methodology to gather data through semi-structured interviews, case studies, and group discussions. This mixed-methods approach provided a comprehensive understanding of farmers' practices and challenges. The collected data was analysed using SPSS software with a focus on descriptive statistics. Results and Discussion: The findings are alarming, indicating a heavy reliance on chemicals (98.2%) and a widespread adoption of monocropping (84.8%), particularly cotton cultivation. The study also revealed a decline in traditional farming practices with a shift towards mechanized methods (87.6%). Furthermore, there is growing scepticism among farmers about the effectiveness of livestock manure as a fertilizer. These results underscore the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. Research Implications: The study's findings affect lawmakers, farmers, and environmentalists. Sustainable agriculture practices that reduce chemical use, promote biodiversity, and protect soil health are urgently needed. The research also emphasises the importance of educating farmers about the long-term effects of current methods and the benefits of sustainable ones. Originality/Value: This article presents empirical facts on agricultural chemical consumption and related issues, advancing current knowledge. By evaluating the issue from a sustainable development goals viewpoint, the research illuminates the complex relationship between agricultural productivity and environmental preservation. The findings can inform legislation and actions to promote environmentally friendly agriculture.

Engineering a One Health Super Wheat.

Wheat is the predominant crop worldwide, contributing approximately 20% of protein and calories to the human diet. However, the yield potential of wheat faces limitations due to pests, diseases, and abiotic stresses. Although conventional breeding has improved desirable traits, the use of modern transgenesis technologies has been limited in wheat in comparison to other crops such as maize and soybean. Recent advances in wheat gene cloning and transformation technology now enable the development of a super wheat consistent with the One Health goals of sustainability, food security, and environmental stewardship. This variety combines traits to enhance pest and disease resistance, elevate grain nutritional value, and improve resilience to climate change. In this review, we explore ways to leverage current technologies to combine and transform useful traits into wheat. We also address the requirements of breeders and legal considerations such as patents and regulatory issues.

Innovations in HIV Prevention and Treatment: The Future of HIV Care

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) continues to pose a significant global health challenge, despite substantial progress in treatment and prevention. This review explored recent innovations in HIV prevention and treatment, highlighting advancements such as long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (ART), and emerging research into potential cures. It also examined integrated care approaches, digital health innovations, and innovative financing models that are shaping the future of HIV care. The review synthesized recent research, evaluated the impact of these innovations, and discussed future directions to advance global health goals. The methodology for this review involved a comprehensive analysis of current literature, clinical trial data, and expert opinions to provide a holistic overview of how these advancements are transforming HIV care and addressing existing challenges. Keywords: HIV Innovations, Prevention Strategies, Long-Acting ART, Integrated Care Models, Digital Health Technologies.

The emergence of a modern paradigm for urban health

The importance of urban health in achieving global and planetary health goals is increasingly recognized. Cities offer important opportunities to improve health while also presenting significant challenges. As our understanding of and evidence for the importance of determinants of health beyond health care have grown, the need for urban health policies and actions that transcend disciplinary and sectoral boundaries and involve multiple stakeholders in urban decision-making has become clearer. Current urban health practice builds on decades of conceptual and operational work. This paper traces the evolution of the urban health paradigm through research, policy and practice in recent decades. We suggest that, despite the proven utility of urban health as a paradigm and its conceptual and practical evolution for effective urban health governance, significant challenges remain, especially related to implementing the systems approaches needed to improve health amidst the complexity of urban dynamics.

S14-3: The adoption and implementation of a physical activity referral pathway integrated into a major U.S. health system

Abstract Background Regular physical activity (PA) is highly effective in improving mental, physical, and emotional health; yet, health systems experience challenges integrating PA referral pathways connecting eligible patients to health-enhancing PA resources and programs. Purpose To examine the adoption of a clinic-to-community PA referral pathway in primary care clinics in a major U.S. health system and identify provider- and patient-level barriers and facilitators associated with its implementation. Methods Exercise is Medicine Greenville® (EIMG®) is a clinic-to-community model that connects primary care patients to a 12-week, evidence-informed, PA program in community PA facilities. Resumption of EIMG® in March 2021 after COVID-19 closures provided a unique opportunity to comprehensively evaluate the PA referral pathway from inception. Referral provision, utilization, and program enrollment were tracked from reopening through September 2022 in twelve primary care clinics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with providers (informed by the i-PARIHS framework) and referred patients who declined enrollment (informed by the COM-B model). Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and themes identified. Results Twenty-six providers completed interviews. Referral barriers included a lack of knowledge about EIMG®, a perceived time-consuming referral process, and placing incomplete referrals. Facilitators included acknowledgment of a high value for PA in healthcare, desire to incorporate EIMG® into patient visits, and the work of the EIMG® nurse navigator. Twenty-eight patients completed interviews. Enrollment barriers included time, financial constraints, inconvenient locations, disruptions due to COVID-19, and suboptimal communication. Facilitators included aligning EIMG® with patients’ health goals, enhanced trust due to provider referral, group-based format of the PA program, and friendly staff. Conclusions Improving communication, conducting refresher trainings, simplifying the referral process, and providing more resources (for providers), along with providing more program details, and offering more program times, locations, and financial support (for patients), may increase success of PA referral pathways implemented in primary care settings. Practical implications This work identifies modifiable factors that can guide improvements in the adoption and implementation of PA referral models in health settings. Funding The Duke Endowment and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

Patients experience with preoperative use of anti-obesity medications and associations with bariatric surgery expectations

BackgroundFew studies have investigated the use of anti-obesity medications (AOMs) before bariatric surgery and how prior use impacts patients’ goals and expectations for surgery. ObjectivesThis study investigated associations between patients’ experiences with AOMs and weight loss expectations before bariatric surgery. SettingsSingle tertiary university hospital. MethodsPatients were electronically surveyed with a 31-item questionnaire via email or the patient portal with a primary predictor variable of AOMs presurgery. Outcomes included degree of weight loss and weight regain and motivation for seeking surgery. ResultsA total of 346 persons were invited to complete the survey; 112 surveys (32.4%) were completed, with 7 excluded because of not answering the AOM question. 73% reported AOM use. Among those who took AOMs before seeking bariatric surgery, average weight loss was 13 kg (SD 10) corresponding to a 4.4-kg/m2 decrease in BMI. Of past AOM recipients, 87% reported weight regain on stopping AOMs. Average weight regain was 18 kg (SD 13; 126% increase). Patients reported improved longevity and quality of life as motivation for seeking surgery, with AOM use history having no effect. Subjects reported an average weight loss goal of 65.8 kg (39% of baseline weight) from bariatric surgery. ConclusionsAOMs were commonly used in those seeking bariatric surgery, but motivation for surgery did not differ by AOM use history. Motivations were most often related to goals for better overall health.

Policing and public health interventions into sex workers’ lives: necropolitical assemblages and alternative visions of social justice

Abstract While extensive literature documents how criminalisation harms sex workers’ health and rights, limited research has critically examined how interactions between criminal-justice, health, and other systems shape support and justice for and by people who sell sex. We attend to this question by drawing on participatory, qualitative research with a diverse group of sex workers and other stakeholders in East London, UK. In addition to directly and structurally-violent enforcement practices, we identified wider, necropolitical assemblages and practices – across police, local and immigration authorities, health and social services – that disciplined sex workers’ lives, responsibilised them for their health, and defunded specialist services grounded in lived realities, amid tensions over sex-work governance. These effects – grounded in notions of community and vulnerability that often privileged residents’ concerns over threats to sex workers’ safety and health – impacted marginalised and minoritised cis and trans women the most. Those who worked on the street and used drugs, were migrants, and/or women of colour were particularly targeted for enforcement, discounted when reporting violence and impacted by service cuts. Yet participants’ appeals for redirection of funds from enforcement towards respectful, peer-led services reflected claims to social justice on their own terms. We recommend (re)commissioning health and support services that respond to sex workers’ diverse realities, with and by them, alongside concerted efforts to end policies and practices that criminalise, punish, and blame. This would help to alleviate the health and social harms that we document, in support of inclusive participation in health and broader social justice goals.

Sexual and Reproductive Health Goals and the 2030 Global Agenda for Sustainable Development: Progress, Prospects, and Challenges

Today it is globally recognized that sexual and reproductive health is a human rights issue critical to economic growth and stability, ending poverty, and fostering sustainable development. Calls for improving sexual and reproductive health, including a spotlight on adolescents and young women, are highlighted in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations in 2015. In this commentary, we aim to (1) briefly review the history and objectives of global development goals (2) review the adolescent health related SDG targets and indicators with focus on sexual and reproductive health (3) discuss global progress and challenges in achieving target measures and (4) examine action steps that clinicians can take to accelerate progress.

Early neonatal mortality in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2019: an analysis of trends and a multivariate decomposition analysis of Ethiopian demographic and health survey

BackgroundEarly neonatal deaths, occurring within the first six days of life, remain a critical public health challenge. Understanding the trends and factors associated with this issue is crucial for designing effective interventions and achieving global health goals. This study aims to examine the trends in early neonatal mortality in Ethiopia and identify the key factors associated with changes in early neonatal mortality over time.MethodsThis study utilized five consecutive Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey datasets from 2000 to 2019. To investigate the trends and identify factors influencing changes in early neonatal mortality over time, conducted a trend analysis and a logit-based multivariate decomposition analysis. Data management and analyses were performed using STATA version 17/MP software. All analyses were weighted to account for sampling probabilities and non-response. Statistical significance was determined at a two-sided p-value threshold of less than 0.05.ResultThe analysis included a total of 12,260 weighted women from the 2000 survey and 5,527 weighted women from the 2019 survey. Over the study period, there was an overall downward trend in early neonatal mortality, decreasing from 34 deaths per 1000 live births in 2000 to 27 deaths per 1000 live births in 2019. The annual rate of reduction was estimated to be 1.03%. Approximately 45% of the observed decline in early neonatal mortality rate can be attributed to changes in population characteristics or endowments (E) during the study period. Factors such as the mother’s age, maternal education, marital status, preceding birth interval, types of pregnancy, and the sex of the child significantly contributed to the compositional change in the early neonatal mortality rate.ConclusionOver the past two decades, Ethiopia has seen a modest decline in early neonatal mortality, but this progress falls short of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) targets. To achieve the SDGs, the Ministry of Health and its partners should intensify efforts to reduce early neonatal mortality. Strategies like preventing early/late pregnancies, promoting appropriate marriage timing, and prioritizing education could help further reduce early neonatal deaths. Further research is also needed to explore the factors driving this issue.

Multiomics: Functional Molecular Biomarkers of Micronutrients for Public Health Application.

Adequate micronutrient intake and status are global public health goals. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are widespread and known to impair health and survival across the life stages. However, knowledge of molecular effects, metabolic pathways, biological responses to variation in micronutrient nutriture, and abilities to assess populations for micronutrient deficiencies and their pathology remain lacking. Rapidly evolving methodological capabilities in genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics offer unparalleled opportunities for the nutrition research community to link micronutrient exposure to cellular health; discover new, arguably essential micronutrients of microbial origin; and integrate methods of molecular biology, epidemiology, and intervention trials to develop novel approaches to assess and prevent micronutrient deficiencies in populations. In this review article, we offer new terminology to specify nutritional application of multiomic approaches and encourage collaboration across the basic to public health sciences to advance micronutrient deficiency prevention.

The Roles of Psychosocial Factors and Nutritional Intervention on Eating Disorders

With a multifaceted and intricate etiology, eating disorders are classified as mental diseases. The etiology of eating disorders includes sociocultural factors such as family and childhood experiences, societal and cultural pressures, imposition of media standards, as well as psychological factors such as low self-esteem and body dissatisfaction, stress, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, and perfectionism. To provide a nutritional intervention that includes the normalization of eating behavior, it is necessary to understand the psychosocial aspects underlying the illness of individuals with eating disorders. Because a dietitian may be the first person to recognize the symptoms of an individual's eating disorder, which is a psychiatric disorder, or the first healthcare professional to whom a patient applies for this condition, and dietitians are a critical member of the treatment team of these patients. During the planning of nutritional intervention; practices such as defining nutritional problems related to medical or physical condition, evaluating anthropometric measurements and biochemical data, examining behavioral and environmental factors, calculating energy and macronutrient requirements, increasing the amount and variety of foods consumed, and giving recommendations regarding the normal perception of hunger and satiety constitute the basic processes of nutrition intervention planned in line with appropriate weight restoration and health goals. In this process, providing psychosocial support and positive reinforcement by considering the changing needs of the individual may help to increase their commitment to the process. Being in constant cooperation and communication with the healthcare professionals involved in the treatment and the family of the individual during the treatment period constitutes an integral part of a well-managed treatment process. In this respect, the health professionals in the treatment team informing the other members of the team by considering the etiological factors of the eating disorder and providing a joint decision-making environment makes a great contribution to the treatment process.

Sampling targets to assess occupational health in occupational health and safety management system audits: a mixed-methods research in Japan.

Occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS) are the foundation of occupational health and safety activities within an organization. An important element of these systems is audits. However, OHSMS auditors often lack confidence in conducting occupational health audits compared with their proficiency in conducting occupational safety audits. For occupational health to be effectively managed by OHSMS, the sampling competence of auditors engaged in third-party audits should be improved. Therefore, we conducted this study to identify appropriate sampling targets for occupational health related to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 45001. We adopted a mixed methods approach to identify appropriate sampling targets. This involved conducting focus group discussions with experts in occupational health and performing systematic text condensation analysis. The validity of our findings was further reinforced through confirmation by external auditors who specialize in ISO 45001. In the qualitative phase, 6 occupational health sampling targets were identified, and of these, 5 were subsequently validated in the quantitative phase: (1) Health issues, legal requirements, and occupational health goals identified by the organization; (2) Occupational health risk assessment and control processes; (3) Processes related to occupational health and documented information showing the results of efforts; (4) Organizational roles and functions of occupational health professionals and opportunities for their professional development; and (5) Processes to ensure commitment to occupational health issues and objectives. To ensure effective and comprehensive occupational health audits, auditors should review these targets. This study will enhance the competence of auditors by identifying appropriate occupational health sampling targets.

Promoting employees’ retention and functional presenteeism through well-being oriented human resource management practices: the mediating role of work meaningfulness

Purpose Drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of conservation of resources and social exchange theories, this study investigates how perceived well-being-oriented human resource management (WBHRM) practices can boost job embeddedness, encourage functional presenteeism, and diminish intention to leave by cultivating a sense of purpose in the workplace.Design/methodology/approach Adopting a time-lagged design, data were collected from healthcare organizations in Canada at two distinct time points. Structural equation modeling and Bootstrap analysis were used to validate the research hypotheses.Findings The results revealed that perceived WBHRM practices directly enhanced work meaningfulness. Perceived WBHRM practices indirectly fostered sustainable presenteeism and job embeddedness and decreased intention to leave through work meaningfulness.Practical implications This study provides valuable insights for healthcare organizations aiming to boost nurse retention and attraction through sustainable HRM practices. By prioritizing employee well-being, growth and a positive workplace culture, organizations can create a fulfilling work environment that enhances job satisfaction and loyalty. Additionally, fostering functional presenteeism and a strong sense of work meaningfulness can improve both individual and organizational performance. This approach not only positions the organization as a top employer but also ensures long-term success.Social implications These findings support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals of decent work (8 SDG) and good health and well-being (3 SDG).Originality/value This study makes a significant contribution to HRM literature by introducing the concept of work meaningfulness and highlighting its critical role in improving both individual and organizational outcomes. It uniquely examines the positive aspects of presenteeism, a relatively underexplored area. Furthermore, the study showcases how WBHRM practices can create a supportive environment for nurses, enabling them to balance health and performance while enhancing their sense of purpose, thus offering a novel perspective on sustainable HRM practices in healthcare.

Influence path of work-family conflict on primary care physicians' resignation intention: Data from a Chinese cross-sectional survey.

Primary care physicians and their teams are the leading force in constructing primary medical services, undertaking the critical responsibility of residents' essential health, and also related to realizing the national health goal. However, primary care physicians generally have a high turnover rate due to problems such as high work pressure, low salary levels, and limited career development. Therefore, exploring primary care physicians' resignation intentions plays a vital role in promoting the construction of primary care physicians' health service system. This study explores the factors influencing the resignation intentions of primary care physicians, specifically examining the roles of work-family conflict, job satisfaction, professional identity, and emotional exhaustion. By understanding these dynamics, the research aims to inform strategies that can enhance the stability and effectiveness of primary care services, ultimately contributing to the improvement of public health infrastructure and achieving national health goals. This investigation will utilize structural equation modeling to analyze the interrelationships among the identified variables, thereby providing a comprehensive framework for addressing the high turnover rates among primary care physicians. This study uses the work-family conflict, job satisfaction, professional identity, and emotional exhaustion scales. The data comes from a cross-sectional survey in Zhejiang Province, China, in 2022. Using SPSS 27 and Mplus8.3 software to analyze 1205 primary care physicians and their team members, the selected cases all answered the relevant questions of resignation intention. The potential relationship among work-family conflict, job satisfaction, professional identity, emotional exhaustion, and family doctor resignation intention was explored by constructing structural equations. Work-family conflict can directly and positively affect primary care physicians' resignation intention (β = -0.546, p < 0.001). The results of the mediation model found that job satisfaction, professional identity, and emotional exhaustion were significantly related to work-family conflict, and primary care physicians' resignation intention has a significant mediating effect. It mainly includes six intermediary approaches: one is through the independent intermediary effect of job satisfaction; the second is through the independent intermediary effect of professional identity; the third is through the chain intermediary effect between Job satisfaction and professional identity; the fourth is through the intermediary effect of Job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion chain intermediary; fifth is through the chain intermediary of professional identity and emotional exhaustion; sixth is through the complex chain intermediary of job satisfaction, professional identity, and emotional exhaustion. Primary care physicians have a high score in resignation intention, which deserves continuous attention. Relevant department can help primary care physicians balance work and family roles, provide them with appropriate resources and rewards, as well as a good working environment and career development opportunities, to improve their job satisfaction and professional identity and reduce emotional exhaustion, thereby reducing the risk of resignation intention.

A decision support system for cooling tower technologies evaluation in the oil and gas industry

Mitigating the impacts of thermal pollution caused by the oil and natural gas (O&G) industry by applying the appropriate cooling tower technology has advantages for environmental, economic, and health goals. We aim at implementing an intelligent decision support system (DSS). The DSS involves the Delphi and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) integrated method (DEACRIM) and ranking of alternatives through functional mapping of criterion sub-intervals into a single interval (RAFSI) model under the linear Diophantine fuzzy set (LDFS). Ten criteria based on water-energy nexus and circularity policies and four cooling tower technologies including Natural draft cooling tower technology, Induced draft cooling tower technology, Crossflow cooling tower technology, and Forced draft cooling tower technology have been chosen for evaluation. The evaluation results reveal that the Natural draft cooling tower technology is the most suitable scenario for Iran's O&G energy system facilities in order to mitigate thermal pollution.

Five years of discourse related to Indonesia tobacco control reform: a content analysis of online media coverage

BackgroundIn 2017, Indonesia initiated the amendment of its 11-year-old tobacco control regulation (PP 109/2012) to reduce smoking among youth, but the process was stalled. The proposed changes in the regulation...