Practical Goal Research Articles

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ СТРАТЕГІЇ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН, ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The article is aimed at studying the current status of information support for the formation of enterprise strategy, identifying problematic issues and substantiating the directions of its development. It is noted that the process of strategy formation today takes place in conditions when management is carried out through a flexible operational response to significant problems that arise quickly and have virtually no waiting and adaptation periods. This requires appropriate information support, the basis of which is an accounting information system. It is proved that the modern model of the accounting information system sufficiently met the needs of previous socio-economic formations. Thus, at one time, the emergence and spread of double-entry bookkeeping and accounting accounts made it possible to provide quite broad opportunities for reflecting economic processes at that time. This made it possible to provide information to users (including in the formation of the company's strategy). It was the availability of high-quality and timely information that allowed business entities to formulate and implement effective strategies. This has led to economic growth of both individual business entities and the economy as a whole. Throughout its existence, the accounting information system has, on the one hand, adapted to changes in socio-economic formations, and on the other hand, contributed to their development. At the present stage, the accounting information system requires fundamental and rapid transformations. This leads to the destruction of its self-regulation and necessitates its transformation to a qualitatively new level. The need to transform the accounting information system is due to the fact that today a number of important facts of the company's business life are not reflected in the accounting system, the range of accounting tasks is expanding and the development of management orientation of accounting is taking place, in particular in the formation of the company's strategy. The value of the information generated in the accounting system is measured by its ability to optimize the process of achieving the practical goals of users of accounting information. The prospect of further scientific research on the outlined problem is to substantiate the directions of development of information support for the formation of enterprise strategy in the context of Society 5.0.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ РЕФЕРЕНТНОЙ БАЗЫ ДАННЫХ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЧИСТОПОРОДНЫХ СВИНЕЙ ЙОРКШИР ДАТСКОЙ ГЕНЕТИКИ

The article proposes a method of reference database creating for Yorkshire swine breed. Criteria of exception genotypes from reference database are created. Practical goals of pig breeding company that can be achieved by creating a reference database are described. Quantitative trait loci, which can be interpreted using Illumina GGP Porcine 50K, are listed.

Philosophy

Socio-cultural shifts during the 1960s and 1970s included widespread secularization, challenges to authority and tradition, and an emphasis on individual choice. Healthcare and biomedical research advances accompanied these social changes, giving rise to numerous ethical and policy questions. The contemporary bioethics project emerged in this context with (at least) three aims: (1) to offer practical answers to these questions (often) in ways that (2) facilitate or support particular practices or goals (e.g., organ donation or human research) and that (3) appear broadly applicable and legitimately enforceable. Philosophical thinking, which involves investigating and disambiguating concepts and categories, articulating conceptually clear definitions, and mapping arguments to identify premises, detect fallacies, and describe their logical implications, can undermine the practical goals of the bioethics project. This tension between the goals of bioethics and philosophical thinking might help to explain what some scholars see as a disinterest in philosophical thinking in bioethics today.

Об актуальности антропосоциоэкологического подхода в философской антропологии и философии цивилизационных процессов

Abstract. The authors of the article present the idea of an anthroposocioecological approach in philosophical anthropology and philosophy of civilizational processes, working on the approved state budget research topic “Anthroposocioecological configurations of modern philosophy of the XXI century”. Attracting the scientific thought of academician V.S. Stepin, who identified such major global crises of technogenic civilization as ecological and anthropological, problems of “transhumanism”, the concept of “inorganic body of civilization”, universals of civilizational and cultural development, the article reflects modern philosophical knowledge, rethinking the concept of “nature — man — society — individual” from the point of view of the anthroposocioecological approach. The main part of the article formulates the prerequisites and essence of the anthroposocioecological approach in the context of modern challenges and examines the philosophical and ethical component of the anthroposocioecological approach. At the same time, the authors single out the anthroposocioetic component, placing in the center an ethical problem that goes beyond the boundaries of ethics proper as a philosophical science, and which in modern knowledge falls into a broad ideological field and practice-oriented actions. The essence of the anthroposocioecological approach in modern philosophy is characterized by ideological and ethical universals, including universal life values. The relevance of the anthroposocioecological approach is due to the significance of such a supreme macroethical universal as human dignity, starting from the virtue of feeling one’s own subjective psychologically experienced dignity to the conscious recognition of state-national and universal dignity in the new multipolar world order. In the light of the latest innovations in computer technology, the authors pay attention to the problems of power, responsibility and dignity in a multipolar world, which, according to the authors, are associated with an anthroposocioecological philosophical and prognostic approach, given the powerful technological progress and the “clash” of technogenic and traditionalist civilizations. The authors express the hope that an anthroposocioecological philosophical approach based on value universals in the future will take place in the analysis of Russian, Asian and European positive experience in the formation of a new type of intercultural interaction. Among the practical goals of the anthroposocioecological approach, it is important to cooperate at different levels of corporations, global communities based on ideological and ethical universals. At the end of the article, it is argued that the anthroposocioecological approach, due to a new stage of civilizational development, rethinking human dignity in a multipolar world, is an urgent problem in modern philosophical anthropology and philosophy of civilizational processes.

Insurrectionist Anarchism and Liberational Violence: New Ideas and Trends

The paper characterises contemporary fighting anarchism from the ideological, tactical, and organisational perspectives. An analysis is carried out that examines the activities of the groups revoking insurrectionism, which today entails three ideological trends, namely social, individualistic (illegalism), and ecological. In the author’s intention, the characteristics should serve practical goals, i.e., forming a prognosis regarding the phenomenon's future and drawing possible ways to counteract its proliferation in a further perspective. Contemporary anarchism, due to its intellectual allure (liberationist individualism), broadening the scope of its goals (with the liberation of non-human beings), adopting loose organisational forms, as well as employing the leaderless resistance strategy and swarming, is a phenomenon that has significant development potential. The development of anarchism, due to ongoing socio-political processes (the collapse of the existing mechanisms of social control and political representation, globalisation, informatisation) and the widely spreading ideology of individualism will lead to, as it seems, progressive radicalism, both in ideology and used methods.

치위생(학)과 임상실습교육 표준안 개발에 관한 연구

This study presented learning outcomes in each stage of clinical practice as a method to utilize the learning outcomes (PO1-10)that could be performed in clinical practice education based on core dental hygiene competencies of dental hygienists. As the complex competencies such as abilities and qualifications(knowledge, skill, attitude) required for dental hygiene students, the learning outcomes(PO1-10) includes the measures for utilizing the clinical practice educational standard, which is presented in clinical practice1(introduction practice), clinical practice2(intensified practice), and clinical practice3(integrated practice). It also presents the basic data that could perform the measures for utilizing the practice goals and 32 core dental hygiene competencies, which is applied to the standardized clinical practice education manual of core basic dental hygiene competencies. This study aims to provide a basis for utilizing the standard of clinical practice education by increasing the learning outcomes (PO1-10) for clinical practice education of dental hygiene in the future.

국가재난 시 간호학과 교내 임상실습 가이드라인 개발을 위한 기초 연구

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine and understand the basic data for developing in-school clinical practice education guidelines that can replace the nursing department’s field practice education in the event of national disasters such as COVID-19. Method : As a content analysis study using the focus group interviews, a total of 3 interviews were conducted with 13 nursing professors who were serving at the nursing colleges in 9 areas and who have had experiences in operating the in-school clinical practice. Results : In the area of practical education operation, the components of practice type, practice hours, the number of appropriately placement of students per practice unit, practice instructor, learning outcomes and practice goal setting, and the evaluation and management of academic achievement were derived. In terms of the practical education contents area, the composition of education content, practice method, and evaluation were derived. In terms of the practice education environment and system area, the components of contactless and face-to-face practice environment, regulations and operating system were derived. Conclusion : In the event of a disaster such as COVID-19, in order to maintain the quality of practice like field practice education and equip the nursing students with the nursing competency, while at the same time reducing the burdens of clinical practice operation in nursing colleges and avoiding confusion, standardized in-school practice education related operational guidelines need to be developed, and towards this end, the in-depth discussions between various clinical settings, academia and government ought to be held.

Динамика языковой системы: корпусное исследование синхронной вариативности и диахронических изменений в текстах разных типов

This article presents the findings of a project exploring variation parameters of the contemporary Russian language and its diachronic changes causing synchronic variations. The key objective of this research is to conduct a series of studies embracing a broad range of contemporary Russian linguistic issues in morphology, syntax, lexical semantics, poetry analysis, sign language, etc. These studies all take the same approach to language, viewing it as a dynamic, unstable, and evolving system. All studies use massive corpus-based texts, specifically various sub-corpora of the Russian National Corpus, and employ modern quantitative corpus-based analysis methods.
 The three key research areas:
 1) morphological and syntactical variation in written texts;
 2) morphological and syntactical variation in various types of oral discourse;
 3) formal characteristics of Russian poetry and unique features of poetic text structure.
 The project’s practical goal is to develop and improve the Russian National Corpus as a linguistic research tool, including updating, tagging, search capacity analysis, and integrity assessment.

The Desirability of Difference: Georges Canguilhem and Body Integrity Identity Disorder.

Opponents of the provision of therapeutic, healthy limb amputation in Body Integrity Identity Disorder cases argue that such surgeries stand in contrast to the goal of medical practice - that of health restoration and maintenance. This paper refutes such a conclusion via an appeal to the nuanced and reflective model of health proposed by Georges Canguilhem. The paper examines the conceptual entanglement of the statistically common with the normatively desirable, arguing that a healthy body can take multiple forms, including that of an amputee, provided that such a form enables the continuing ability to initiate new norms of existence. It concludes that the practice of healthy limb amputation in cases of Body Integrity Identity Disorder is not only compatible with the goal of medicine but is potentially the only method of achieving this goal in the face of a complex and often mischaracterized disorder.

Образ российской Арктики на современном этапе развития: романтика или прагматика?

The purpose of the article is to identify the characteristics of the Russian Arctic image at the present stage of its development in terms of a romantic and pragmatic context. In order to achieve this purpose, the content analysis of publications on the Arctic topic in the federal and regional media was carried out. A pilot sociological survey of the European part of the Russian Arctic zone residents was used as an additional research method. The study results showed that pragmatic orientation prevails in the “Arctic” content of modern media. The Arctic is presented in a positive way as a special priority territory of the country, the power and strength of the Arctic territories are emphasized, the images of the Arctic and their unique potential are revealed. In the population minds, the Arctic images are presented in a more romantic way — the associations of local residents are associated with the nature splendor, love for the North and beautiful winter. It is substantiated that the integrated development of the Arctic territories requires qualified personnel, not only filled with the romance of northern beauty, but also pursuing specific practical goals. The results of the study will be useful and interesting to specialists involved in the Arctic territories development, to executive bodies of state power, as well as to the general public.

The case for approval voting

AbstractCitizens in many US states and cities in recent years have pushed for various reforms of voting methods. This raises the important question of which reform will best meet both normative and practical goals of representative democracy. While also evaluating criticisms of it, we make the case in this article that approval voting is the simplest actionable response. More specifically, we argue that approval voting offers distinct advantages, not only relative to the status quo of plurality voting, but also relative to alternative reforms. By giving voters the ability to support multiple candidates equally, approval voting grants true agency to the electorate to select strong winners among a candidate pool that is more competitive, diverse, and responsive to what voters want. As a low-cost yet high-impact electoral reform, the implementation of approval voting can create meaningful and lasting improvements in the quality of representation and policies.

Transformative Learning and Critical Consciousness: A Model for Preclerkship Medical School Substance Use Disorder Education.

Preparing medical students to provide compassionate person-centered care for people with substance use disorders (SUD) requires a re-envisioning of preclerkship SUD education to allow for discussions on stigma, social determinants of health, systemic racism, and healthcare inequities. The authors created a curricular thread that fosters the development of preclerkship medical students' critical consciousness through discussion, personal reflection, and inclusion of lived experiences. The authors used transformative learning theories to design and implement this thread in the 2021-2022 academic year in the Duke University School of Medicine preclerkship curriculum. Content included lectures, person-centered workshops, case-based learning, motivational interviewing of a standardized patient, and an opioid overdose simulation. Community advocates and people with SUD and an interdisciplinary faculty were involved in the thread design and delivery and modeled their lived experiences. Students wrote a 500-word critical reflection essay that examined their personal beliefs in the context of providing care for people with SUD. One hundred and twenty-two students submitted essays and 30 (25%) essays were randomly selected for a qualitative analysis. Seven major themes emerged: race/racism, systemic barriers, bias and stigma, personal growth/transformation, language or word usage, future plans for advocacy, and existing poor outcomes. Students were able to link material with prior knowledge and experiences, and their attitudes towards advocacy and goals for future practice were positively influenced. By aligning the thread design with the principals of transformative learning, students developed their critical consciousness toward people with SUD and cultivated a holistic understanding of SUD.

What influences physician opioid prescribing for children with acute pain?

Pain is one of the most common symptoms encountered in the healthcare system, and opioids are among the top three medications used to treat it. Understanding the reasoning behind physicians' opioid prescribing practices is vital to safe practice. The primary objective of our study was to describe pediatric emergency physicians' decision-making process when prescribing opioids for children's acute pain management. This study employed qualitative methodology, using one-on-one semi-structured interviews within a grounded theory analytic framework. We employed purposeful sampling to recruit pediatric emergency physicians from across Canada. Interviews were conducted by telephone (December 2019-January 2021). Transcript analysis occurred concurrently with data collection, supporting data saturation and theory development considerations. Eleven interviews were completed with participants representing each of Canada's geographic regions. Nine major themes emerged: (1) practice setting and outpatient opioid use, (2) condition-specific considerations, (3) physician confidence in medical evidence, (4) pain assessment challenges, (5) patient and family perspectives, (6) opioid safety concerns, (7) personal biases and experiences, (8) personal practice context, and (9) the Opioid Crisis/media influence. Most clinicians felt that they limited opioid use to those who needed it most; all participants described challenges managing acute pain, emphasizing the need for accurate pain measurement and better guidelines, evidence-based data, and knowledge translation. Clinicians were more comfortable treating pain in the emergency department, compared to discharge prescribing. They recognized the importance of co-therapy with non-opioids and the need for opioid risk assessment when prescribing. A family centered approach was recognized as the goal of practice. Clinicians are less comfortable prescribing opioids to children for at-home use and find pain assessment and lack of clear guidelines to be barriers to pain care. Knowledge translation strategies for safer practice and optimal acute pain management could support responsible and judicious opioid use.

Steps parameters of elderly patients hospitalised for an acute medical illness in a Swiss University Hospital: an observational pilot study

Objective mobility goals for elderly hospitalised medical patients remain debated. We therefore studied steps parameters of elderly patients hospitalised for an acute illness, to determine goals for future interventional trials and medical practice. Observational study conducted from February to November 2018 in a medical ward of the Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland. We measured the step parameters of consecutive medical patients aged ≥65 years admitted for an acute medical illness using a wrist accelerometer (Geneactiv). We also collected demographic, somatic and functional factors. Overall, 187 inpatients had their step parameters (daily step count, walking cadence and bout duration) measured with accelerometers worn for a mean of 3.6 days (standard deviation [SD] 3.2). Elderly inpatients (81.5 years, SD 8.5) walked a median of 603 steps daily (interquartile range [IQR] 456-809), at a median cadence of 100 steps/minute (IQR 99-101) with median walking bouts of 33 seconds (IQR 27-37) and with 70% of the walking bouts lasting less than 30 seconds. Patients walking ≥600 steps were younger (80.4 years, SD 8.9 vs 82.8 years,SD 7.9, p = 0.050) and had a longer length of stay (7.8 days, SD 5.1 vs 6.1 days, SD 4.1, p = 0.011) than those walking <600 steps. Patients at high risk of bed sores walked less (564 steps, IQR 394-814 vs 626, IQR 526-840) than those with a lower risk of sores. During a hospitalisation for an acute medical illness, patients aged ≥65 years walk a mere 603 steps daily and most of the time for periods of less than 30 seconds. This information should be used to build up future interventional trials or to set mobility goals for patients hospitalised in Swiss hospitals.

Recommendations for parents and caregivers of children at risk of gambling in light of systematic review of literature

The cognitive goal of this article is to provide the knowledge needed to strengthen the educational and preventive competencies of parents and caregivers in the prevention of gambling disorders in children and adolescents. The practical goal, therefore, is to formulate recommendations for parents and caregivers in the upbringing and prevention of gambling disorders in the family and peer environment. The article is a review. This article, which is aligned with theme of the journal, refers to research on the risk factors of gambling disorders in children and adolescents and was based on an analysis of foundational data from a systematic review of English-language scholarly journals over the years 2013–2021. The results of the data analysis made possible a qualitative synthesis and formulation of recommendations for parenting and preventive practice for parents and caregivers.

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Objective Real-Time Flexible Scheduling in a Smart Shop Floor

With the development of intelligent manufacturing, machine tools are considered the “mothership” of the equipment manufacturing industry, and the associated processing workshops are becoming more high-end, flexible, intelligent, and green. As the core of manufacturing management in a smart shop floor, research into the multi-objective dynamic flexible job shop scheduling problem (MODFJSP) focuses on optimizing scheduling decisions in real time according to changes in the production environment. In this paper, hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) is proposed to solve the MODFJSP considering random job arrival, with a focus on achieving the two practical goals of minimizing penalties for earliness and tardiness and reducing total machine load. A two-layer hierarchical architecture is proposed, namely the combination of a double deep Q-network (DDQN) and a dueling DDQN (DDDQN), and state features, actions, and external and internal rewards are designed. Meanwhile, a personal computer-based interaction feature is designed to integrate subjective decision information into the real-time optimization of HRL to obtain a satisfactory compromise. In addition, the proposed HRL framework is applied to multi-objective real-time flexible scheduling in a smart gear production workshop, and the experimental results show that the proposed HRL algorithm outperforms other reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, metaheuristics, and heuristics in terms of solution quality and generalization and has the added benefit of real-time characteristics.

Intelligibility and the gravity of segmental deviations in L1 Finnish speakers’ L2 English

The goal of English pronunciation teaching has shifted from native-likeness to intelligibility. Especially in EFL contexts, pushing learners to sound like L1 speakers is difficult to justify, whereas becoming intelligible is an easily justifiable, practical learning goal. However, EFL teachers often emphasize the sounds that are typically challenging for their learners, even though all sounds are not equally important for intelligibility. The present study is focussed on the extent to which segmental deviations can compromise intelligibility. Speech samples were elicited from teenaged L1 Finnish learners of English, demonstrating segmental deviations typical of the target group. To evaluate the gravity of segmental deviation, an intelligibility test was arranged with L1 English listeners. Results suggest that the sounds under investigation can be ranked into groups based on how crucial they are for intelligibility. The ranking can help EFL teachers to prioritize the critical sounds over those that are unlikely to compromise intelligibility.

Impact of Strength-Enhancing Admixtures on Stabilization of Expansive Soil by Addition of Alternative Binders

Abstract In this study, the stabilization process is introduced to a clayey expansive soil collected in southern Sweden. The tests examined strength parameters of expansive soil stabilized by different binders using combination of both traditional binders (cement and lime) and alternative materials (slag Merit 5000, fly ash from SCA Lilla Edet and fly ash from coal combustion, ISO certified). The practical goal was to find a binder mixture that is optimized for soil stabilization with respect to technical properties of stabilizing agent as an inert ballast material. The strength of soil stabilized by various binders was examined by velocity of the P-waves propagating through specimens. The results show that introducing slag Merit 5000 as an admixture to cement and lime is an effective approach in enhancing strength properties in weak soil, which increases bearing capacity of soil for planned construction works. The results also shown that a mixture of lime and bio ash yields a better effect in the stabilization of a clay. Soil stabilized with cement, cement/slag and lime/slag becomes resistant to freeze-thaw cycles, which is crucial for construction of roads and building foundations.

Exploration of the Training Mode of Applied Talents in Animal Science with the Goal of Practice and Innovation Ability

Exploration of the Training Mode of Applied Talents in Animal Science with the Goal of Practice and Innovation Ability

Reinventing the Human Dignity in Islamic Law Discourse: The Wasatiyah Approaches from Khaled Abou El-Fadl to the Interreligious Relation

Violence in the name of religion has never completely disappeared from discourse on religious life. Surprisingly, Islamic law is used as the basis for committing acts of violence damaging interreligious relations. There is a gap between the goals of Islamic law and practice in society. This article aims to unpack the wasatiyah approach provided by Khaled Abou El-Fadl in Islamic law discourses. This research is a qualitative method using library research, which obtains information from books, articles, and journals. This research concludes that El-Fadl provides an essential concept known in contemporary Islamic law as al-wasatiyah by integrating various scientific disciplines to strengthen human dignity. El-Fadl offers a moderate-humanist approach as a system that is considered more holistic and comprehensive in Islamic law, especially in constructing texts, understanding the context, and optimizing legal reasoning based on maqasid al-shariah through independent reasoning. This article shows that El-Fadl allows greetings to non-Muslims, greetings of Christmas to non-Muslims, interacts with non-Muslims, and elects non-muslim leaders. El-Fadl believes in strengthening the theological basis of pluralism, which requires tolerance as a pathway for creating a mutually productive life together.