Numerous studies of goal setting have found that specific and difficult or high-level goals lead to higher performance than vague (do best), easy goals, or no goals. However, often it has been asserted in the literature that specific goals as such lead to higher performance than vague goals even though goal theory makes no such claim. However, no previous study (with one partial exception) has actually separated the effects of goal level from those of goal specificity. It was predicted that when the two goal attributes were separated, goal level would affect level of performance whereas goal specificity would affect the variability of performance. Two experiments were conducted to test these hypotheses. The first used a reaction time task and the second an idea-generation task. The results of both studies supported the hypotheses. However, one of the two present studies and two previous studies found that high goal levels can also affect performance variance.